Nucleus prepositus

Nucleus prepositus
Nucleus prepositus
	Cross-section of lower pons, nucleus prepositus shown at #5 top left
Details
Identifiers
Latin	nucleus prepositus hypoglossi
NeuroLex ID	birnlex_2652
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [ edit on Wikidata]

Last updated December 04, 2024

The nucleus prepositus or nucleus prepositus hypoglossi is one of the largest of the three perihypoglossal nuclei.^[1] It is situated in the caudal pons and rostral medulla oblongata.^[2] It contributes to several aspects of gaze control including the horizontal gaze holding system.^[3]

Anatomy

The nucleus prepositus is situated near the hypoglossal nucleus.^[4] It is continuous rostrally with the paramedian pontine reticular formation,^[1] and caudally with the intercalated nucleus.^[4] It is situated medial to the medial vestibular nucleus.^[2]

Connections

It is connected to the superior colliculus, and has reciprocal connections with the serotonergic raphe nuclei (thereby possibly participating in blood pressure regulation).^[2]

Afferents

It receives afferents from the frontal eye fields, medial and dorsal vestibular nuclei, paramedian pontine reticular formation, and interstitial nucleus of Cajal.^[2]

Efferents

The nuclei project principally to all three cranial nerve nuclei controlling extrinsic eye muscles (the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV), and abducens (CN VI) nuclei) via the medial longitudinal fasciculus,^[5] with additional efferents to the vestibular nuclei, and vestibulocerebellum.^[2]

Function

The nucleus prepositus integrates velocity-position information for horizontal eye movements to enable eccentric gaze.^[6] Tonic neurons of the nucleus (along with those of with the medial vestibular nucleus) are believed to maintain eccentric (i.e. off resting position) direction of gaze, counteracting forces pulling the eye back to its default, resting, straight-forward gazing position after saccades. The nucleus prepositus is thought to provide information about eye position.^[6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solitary nucleus</span> Sensory nuclei in medulla oblongata

The solitary nucleus(SN) (nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus solitarius, or nucleus tractus solitarii) is a series of neurons whose cell bodies form a roughly vertical column of grey matter in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. Their axons form the bulk of the enclosed solitary tract. The solitary nucleus can be divided into different parts including dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral subnuclei.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Medial longitudinal fasciculus</span> Nerve tracts in the brainstem

The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a prominent bundle of nerve fibres which pass within the ventral/anterior portion of periaqueductal gray of the mesencephalon (midbrain). It contains the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, responsible for oculomotor control, head posture, and vertical eye movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trapezoid body</span> Part of the auditory pathway

The trapezoid body or ventral acoustic stria is a structure in the pontine tegmentum formed by the crossing-over (decussation) of a portion of the efferent second-order fibers of the ventral cochlear nucleus. After decussating, some of these fibres proceed to ascend in the contralateral lateral lemniscus to reach and terminate in the dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus, and inferior colliculus.

The pontine nuclei are all the neurons of the ventral pons. Corticopontine fibres project from the primary motor cortex to the ipsilateral pontine nucleus; pontocerebellar fibers then relay the information to the contralateral cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle.

The dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF) is a distinctive nerve tract in the midbrain. It extends from the hypothalamus rostrally to the spinal cord caudally, and contains both descending and ascending fibers.

The paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) is a subset of neurons of the oral and caudal pontine reticular nuclei. With the abducens nucleus it makes up the horizontal gaze centre. It is situated in the pons adjacent to the abducens nucleus. It projects to the ipsilateral abducens nucleus, and contralateral oculomotor nucleus to mediate conjugate horizontal gaze and saccades.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ventral posteromedial nucleus</span> Nucleus of the thalamus

The ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) is a nucleus within the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus and serves an analogous somatosensory relay role for the ascending trigeminothalamic tracts as its lateral neighbour the ventral posterolateral nucleus serves for dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway 2nd-order neurons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus</span>

The rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) is a collection of neurons in the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the midbrain. It is responsible for mediating vertical conjugate eye movements and vertical saccades. It mostly projects efferents to the ipsilateral oculomotor and trochlear nuclei.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salivatory nuclei</span>

The salivatory nuclei are two general visceral efferent nuclei located in the caudal pons, dorsal and lateral to the facial nucleus. Their neurons give rise to preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers in the control of salivation. The superior salivatory nucleus supplies fibers to the intermediate nerve (part of the facial nerve. The inferior salivatory nucleus supplies fibers to the glossopharyngeal nerve. The nuclei may also be involved in parasympathetic control of head vasculature.

The term gaze is frequently used in physiology to describe coordinated motion of the eyes and neck. The lateral gaze is controlled by the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). The vertical gaze is controlled by the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central tegmental tract</span>

The central tegmental tract is a tract that carries ascending and descending fibers, situated in the midbrain tegmentum, and the pontine tegmentum. The tract is situated in the central portion of the reticular formation.

Conjugate eye movement refers to motor coordination of the eyes that allows for bilateral fixation on a single object. A conjugate eye movement is a movement of both eyes in the same direction to maintain binocular gaze. This is in contrast to vergence eye movement, where binocular gaze is maintained by moving eyes in opposite directions, such as going “cross eyed” to view an object moving towards the face. Conjugate eye movements can be in any direction, and can accompany both saccadic eye movements and smooth pursuit eye movements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus</span>

The lateral posterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. It represents the rostral continuation of the pulvinar. It is thought to be involved in complex sensory integration.

The hypothalamospinal tract is an unmyelinated non-decussated descending nerve tract that arises in the hypothalamus and projects to the brainstem and spinal cord to synapse with pre-ganglionic autonomic neurons.

Perihypoglossal nuclei are three prominent groups of neurons in the caudal medulla oblongata near the hypoglossal nucleus: the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, intercalated nucleus, and sublingual nucleus. They are involved in controlling eye movements: they send their principal projections to the three cranial nerve nuclei controlling extrinsic eye muscles via the medial longitudinal fasciculus.

Central arteries of the brain are numerous small arteries branching from the Circle of Willis, and adjacent arteries that often enter the substance of the brain through the anterior and posterior perforated substances. They supply structures of the base of the brain and internal structures of the cerebral hemispheres. They are separated into four principal groups: anteromedial central arteries; anterolateral central arteries ; posteromedial central arteries ; and posterolateral central arteries.

The interstitial nucleus of Cajal is a collection of neurons in the mesencephalon (midbrain) which are involved in integrating eye position-velocity information in order to coordinate head-eye movements - especially those related to vertical and torsional conjugate eye movements (gaze). It also mediates vertical gaze holding.

The accessory oculomotor nuclei are a group of nuclei situated in the rostral mesencephalon (midbrain) near its junction with the diencephalon, and consist of:

The nucleus of Darkschewitsch is an accessory oculomotor nucleus situated in the ventrolateral portion of the periaqueductal gray of the mesencephalon (midbrain) near its junction with the diencephalon. It is involved in mediating vertical eye movements. It projects to the trochlear nucleus, receives afferents from the visual cortex, and forms a reciprocal (looping) connection with the cerebellum by way of the inferior olive.

The nucleus of the posterior commissure is one of the accessory oculomotor nuclei situated in the mesencephalon (midbrain) at its junction with the diencephalon. It is involved in coordinating head-eye movements. It is situated near the oculomotor nucleus. It is thought to receive afferents from the ipsilateral cerebellum.

References

1 2 3 Kiernan, John A.; Rajakumar, Nagalingam (2013). Barr's The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-4511-7327-7.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice Digital version (42nd ed.). New York: Elsevier. p. 453. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.
↑ McCrea, Robert A.; Horn, Anja K. E. (2006-01-01), Büttner-Ennever, J. A. (ed.), "Nucleus prepositus", Progress in Brain Research, Neuroanatomy of the Oculomotor System, 151, Elsevier: 205–230, doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(05)51007-0, ISBN 9780444516961, PMID 16221590 , retrieved 2022-03-05
1 2 Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice Digital version (42nd ed.). New York: Elsevier. p. 449e1. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.
↑ Kiernan, John A.; Rajakumar, Nagalingam (2013). Barr's The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-1-4511-7327-7.
1 2 Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice Digital version (42nd ed.). New York: Elsevier. p. 777. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.

This neuroanatomy article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[Kiernan-2013-1] 1 2 3 Kiernan, John A.; Rajakumar, Nagalingam (2013). Barr's The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-4511-7327-7.

[Standring-2020-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice Digital version (42nd ed.). New York: Elsevier. p. 453. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.

[3] McCrea, Robert A.; Horn, Anja K. E. (2006-01-01), Büttner-Ennever, J. A. (ed.), "Nucleus prepositus", Progress in Brain Research, Neuroanatomy of the Oculomotor System, 151, Elsevier: 205–230, doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(05)51007-0, ISBN 9780444516961, PMID 16221590 , retrieved 2022-03-05

[Standring2-2020-4] 1 2 Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice Digital version (42nd ed.). New York: Elsevier. p. 449e1. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.

[5] Kiernan, John A.; Rajakumar, Nagalingam (2013). Barr's The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-1-4511-7327-7.

[Standring3-2020-6] 1 2 Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice Digital version (42nd ed.). New York: Elsevier. p. 777. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]