Nuphar advena

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Nuphar advena
American Spatterdock.jpg
Status TNC T5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Nuphar
Section: Nuphar sect. Astylus
Species:
N. advena
Binomial name
Nuphar advena
Synonyms [2]
List
  • Castalia advena (Aiton) Conz.
  • Nenuphar advena (Aiton) Link
  • Nuphar advena subsp. typica R.T.Clausen
  • Nuphar lutea subsp. advena (Aiton) J.T.Kartesz & Gandhi
  • Nymphaea advena Aiton
  • Nymphona advena (Aiton) Nieuwl.
  • Nymphozanthus advena (Aiton) Fernald
  • Nuphar advena var. cubana P.Ponce de León
  • Nuphar advena var. erythraea (G.S.Mill. & Standl.) Standl.
  • Nuphar advena var. minor Morong
  • Nuphar advena var. tomentosa Torr. & A.Gray
  • Nuphar chartacea (G.S.Mill. & Standl.) Standl.
  • Nuphar fluviatilis (R.M.Harper) Standl.
  • Nuphar interfluitans Fernald
  • Nuphar ludoviciana (G.S.Mill. & Standl.) Standl.
  • Nuphar lutea subsp. macrophylla (Small) Beal
  • Nuphar microcarpa (G.S.Mill. & Standl.) Standl.
  • Nuphar ovata (G.S.Mill. & Standl.) Standl.
  • Nuphar puberula (G.S.Mill. & Standl.) Standl.
  • Nuphar puteorum Fernald
  • Nuphar tomentosa Nutt.
  • Nymphaea advena subsp. erythraea G.S.Mill. & Standl.
  • Nymphaea advena var. macrophylla (Small) G.S.Mill. & Standl.
  • Nymphaea advena subsp. macrophylla (Small) G.S.Mill. & Standl.
  • Nymphaea arifolia Salisb.
  • Nymphaea chartacea G.S.Mill. & Standl.
  • Nymphaea fluviatilis R.M.Harper
  • Nymphaea ludoviciana G.S.Mill. & Standl.
  • Nymphaea macrophylla Small
  • Nymphaea microcarpa G.S.Mill. & Standl.
  • Nymphaea ovata G.S.Mill. & Standl.
  • Nymphaea puberula G.S.Mill. & Standl.
  • Nymphozanthus advena var. macrophyllus (Small) Fernald
  • Nymphozanthus fluviatilis (R.M.Harper) Fernald

Nuphar advena (spatterdock or cow lily or yellow pond-lily) is a species of Nuphar native throughout the eastern United States and in some parts of Canada, as well as Mexico and Cuba. It is locally naturalized in Britain.

Contents

Description

Nuphar advena growing in shallow water Nuphar advena (9099849881).jpg
Nuphar advena growing in shallow water

Nuphar advena is a perennial, aquatic herb [3] with spongy rhizomes [4] that are 5–10 centimetres (2–4 in) wide. [5] The leaves are mostly emergent, [6] [7] [8] but can also be floating, or submersed. [7] The submerged leaves are 12–40 cm (4+1⁄2–15+1⁄2 in) long and 7–30 cm (3–12 in) wide. [9]

The flowers are protogynous, fragrant, nectariferous, [10] solitary, [7] [4] yellow-green, [7] and up to 4 cm wide. [5] They float on the water surface or extend beyond it. [7] The flowers have six sepals [8] [5] while the gynoecium consists of 9–23 carpels. [5] The fruit is fleshy, [9] ovoid to broadly obovate, [8] ribbed, green, and 2–5 cm long and wide. [5] It contains 186–353 seeds, [10] which are 3–6 mm long. [5]

Cytology

The chromosome count is 2n = 34. [11] The chloroplast genome is 160866 bp long. [12]

Taxonomy

It was first published as Nymphaea advenaAiton by William Aiton in 1789. [13] [2] [14] It was placed into the genus NupharSm. as Nuphar advena(Aiton) W.T.Aiton published by William Townsend Aiton in 1811. [15] [16] It is placed in the section Nuphar sect. Astylus. [17]

Natural hybridisation

In the United Kingdom, it has hybridised with Nuphar lutea, resulting in the hybrid Nuphar × porphyranthera. [8] [18]

Etymology

The specific epithet advena means immigrant, [19] [9] outsider, foreigner, or stranger. [20]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to Canada (such as Nova Scotia), [5] [21] the United States, Mexico, and Cuba. [3] [2] It has been introduced to the United Kingdom. [3]

It occurs in ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, [6] marshes, and swamps. [7]

Herbarium specimen Nymphaea Advena (Yellow Pond Lily) in Billings-Kittredge Herbaria (01aeb558-c1cd-4511-b17c-fd2cb3200f06).tif
Herbarium specimen

Ecology

The flowers are pollinated by sweat bees, syrphid flies, and leaf beetles. [10]

The seeds are eaten by turtles and waterfowl. [7]

The rootstocks are sometimes collected by muskrats. [22]

Conservation

The NatureServe conservation status is T5 Secure. [1]

Uses

The plant is used as food. [23] [24] [9] The dried seeds can be eaten or ground to flour. [23] [24] [22] Native Americans cooked the rootstocks and removed the rind to prepare the sweetish, glutinous contents in various ways. [22]

It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant. [25]

References

  1. 1 2 NatureServe. "Nuphar lutea subsp. advena". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved December 7, 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30043701-2
  3. 1 2 3 Spatter-dock Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. (n.d.). PlantAtlas. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://plantatlas2020.org/atlas/2cd4p9h.gms
  4. 1 2 Wisconsin State Herbarium, UW-Madison. (n.d.-a). Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=4337
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Nuphar advena in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  6. 1 2 University of Michigan Herbarium. (n.d.-a). Nuphar advena (Aiton) W. T. Aiton. Michigan Flora. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://michiganflora.net/record/1725
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Alabama Herbarium Consortium (AHC) & University of West Alabama. (n.d.). Nuphar advena. APA: Alabama Plant Atlas. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=2702
  8. 1 2 3 4 Lansdown, R., & Ruhsam, M. (2022). Yellow water lilies (Nuphar, Nymphaeaceae) in Great Britain: a new hybrid, a reappraisal of records, and a revised status of N. advena. Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 79, 1-15.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Native Plant Trust. (n.d.-a). Nuphar advena — immigrant pond-lily. Go Botany. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/nuphar/advena/
  10. 1 2 3 Lippok, B., Gardine, A. A., Williamson, P. S., & Renner, S. S. (2000). Pollination by flies, bees, and beetles of Nuphar ozarkana and N. advena (Nymphaeaceae). American Journal of Botany, 87(6), 898-902.
  11. ↑ Pellicer, J.; Kelly, L.J.; Magdalena, C.; Leitch, I.J. (August 2013). Bainard, Jillian (ed.). "Insights into the dynamics of genome size and chromosome evolution in the early diverging angiosperm lineage Nymphaeales (water lilies)". Genome. 56 (8): 437–449. doi:10.1139/gen-2013-0039. ISSN   0831-2796. PMID   24168627.
  12. ↑ Gruenstaeudl, Michael; Nauheimer, Lars; Borsch, Thomas (November 2017). "Plastid genome structure and phylogenomics of Nymphaeales: conserved gene order and new insights into relationships" . Plant Systematics and Evolution. 303 (9): 1251–1270. doi:10.1007/s00606-017-1436-5. ISSN   0378-2697.
  13. ↑ Aiton, William, Bauer, Franz Andreas, Sowerby, James, Ehret, Georg Dionysius, & Nicol, George. (1789). Hortus Kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew (Vol. 2, Issue 13, p. 226). Printed for George Nicol, Bookseller to his Majesty. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4864646
  14. ↑ Nymphaea advena Aiton. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/281429-2
  15. ↑ Aiton, William, Aiton, William Townsend, & King’s College London. (1810). Hortus kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew (Vol. 3, p. 295). Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47853133
  16. ↑ Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. (n.d.-b). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/30043701-2
  17. ↑ Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T. Aiton. (n.d.). Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN). Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/6712
  18. ↑ Nuphar × porphyranthera Lansdown & Ruhsam. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77317649-1
  19. ↑ A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin. (n.d.-b). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from http://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=Advena
  20. ↑ Hibbertia advena T.Hammer & Toelken. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77321192-1
  21. ↑ "Nuphar advena". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  22. 1 2 3 Harrington, Harold David (1972). Western Edible Wild Plants. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 14–17. ISBN   978-0-8263-0218-2.
  23. 1 2 Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T. Aiton Spatterdock. (n.d.). Missouriplants. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://www.missouriplants.com/Nuphar_advena_page.html
  24. 1 2 Spatterdock | Nuphar advena. (n.d.). Mississippi State University. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://extension.msstate.edu/publications/spatterdock-nuphar-advena
  25. ↑ Nuphar advena (NUPLM). (n.d.). EPPO Global Database. Retrieved February 1, 2025, from https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/NUPLM
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