Oldham (UK Parliament constituency)

Oldham
Former borough constituency for the House of Commons
1832–1950
Seats	two
Created from	Lancashire
Replaced by	Oldham East and Oldham West

Oldham was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Oldham, England. It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The constituency was created by the Great Reform Act of 1832 and was abolished for the 1950 general election when it was split into the Oldham East and Oldham West constituencies.

The Oldham constituency was where Winston Churchill began his political career. Although taking two attempts to succeed, in the 1900 general election Churchill was elected as the member of Parliament for Oldham. He held the constituency for the Conservative Party until he defected from them in defence of free trade in 1904. He then represented the Liberal Party as MP for the seat until the 1906 general election.

Boundaries

Though centred on Oldham (the town), the constituency covered a much broader territory; Shaw and Crompton, Royton, Chadderton and Lees all formed part of this district, though these were each granted individual urban district status at a local government level in 1894.

1885–1918: The existing parliamentary borough, and so much of the municipal borough of Oldham as was not already included in the parliamentary borough. ^[1]

Members of Parliament

Election	1st Member [2]		1st Party	2nd Member [2]		2nd Party
1832		John Fielden	Radical [3] [4] [5] [6]		William Cobbett	Radical [3] [4]
1835 by-election					John Frederick Lees	Conservative [4]
1837					William Augustus Johnson	Radical [7] [4] [5]
1847		William Johnson Fox	Radical [8] [3] [9] [10] [11]		John Duncuft	Peelite [12] [13]
1852		John Morgan Cobbett a	Radical [3] [14] [15]
1852 by-election					William Johnson Fox	Radical [8] [3] [9] [10] [11]
1857					James Platt	Radical [16] [17]
1857 by-election					William Johnson Fox	Radical [8] [3] [9] [10]
1859			Liberal			Liberal
1862 by-election					J. T. Hibbert	Liberal
1865		John Platt	Liberal
1872 by-election		John Morgan Cobbett a	Conservative
1874					Frederick Spinks	Conservative
1877 by-election		J. T. Hibbert	Liberal
1880					Hon. Edward Stanley	Liberal
1885					James Mackenzie Maclean	Conservative
1886		Elliott Lees	Conservative
1892		Joshua Milne Cheetham	Liberal		J. T. Hibbert	Liberal
1895		Robert Ascroft	Conservative		James Francis Oswald	Conservative
1899 by-election		Rt Hon. Alfred Emmott	Liberal		Walter Runciman	Liberal
1900					Winston Churchill b	Conservative
1904						Liberal
1906					John Albert Bright	Liberal
1910 (Jan)					Sir William Barton	Liberal
1911 by-election		Edmund Bartley-Denniss c	Conservative
1918			Coalition Conservative			Coalition Liberal
1922		Sir Edward Grigg	National Liberal		William John Tout	Labour
1923			Liberal
1924					Duff Cooper	Conservative
1925 by-election		William Wiggins	Liberal
1929		Rev. Gordon Lang	Labour		James Wilson	Labour
1931		Anthony Crossley	Conservative		Hamilton Kerr	Conservative
1935		John Dodd	National Liberal
1945		Frank Fairhurst	Labour		Leslie Hale	Labour
1950	Multi member constituency abolished - see Oldham East and Oldham West

Notes:-

• ^a J M Cobbett's political affiliations are complicated. ^[18] He had stood unsuccessfully on an all-Radical 'plague on both your houses' slate with John Fielden in 1847. He was elected in 1852 as the Radical half of an explicit Radical-Tory alliance. ^[19] At the 1857 election he was opposed by two Liberals and denied that he had sold out to Palmerston, asserting that the Liberal Chief Whip had no confidence in him. ^[20] In 1865 he stood unsuccessfully in conjunction with a Conservative, ^[21] opposed by two Liberals. Nonetheless, from 1852 to 1865 outside Oldham he was generally taken to be a Liberal. From 1872 to his death in 1877 he sat as a Conservative (but one calling for annual Parliaments and manhood suffrage) ^[22]
• ^b Churchill changed his party allegiance in April 1904.
• ^c Denniss changed his surname to Bartley-Denniss, when he was knighted in 1922.

Elections

Elections in the 1830s

General election 1832: Oldham (2 seats) ^{[23] [4]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Radical	Y John Fielden	677	43.0
	Radical	Y William Cobbett	645	40.9
	Whig	Benjamin Heywood Bright [24]	150	9.5
	Tory	William Burge	101	6.4
	Whig	George Stephen	3	0.2
Majority			495	31.4
Turnout			848	75.0
Registered electors			1,131
	Radical win (new seat)
	Radical win (new seat)

General election 1835: Oldham ^{[23] [4]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Radical	Y John Fielden	Unopposed
	Radical	Y William Cobbett	Unopposed
Registered electors			1,029
	Radical hold
	Radical hold

Cobbett's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 8 July 1835: Oldham (1 seat) ^{[23] [4]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Y John Frederick Lees	394	48.7
	Radical	John Morgan Cobbett	381	47.1
	Radical	Feargus O'Connor	34	4.2
Majority			13	1.6
Turnout			809	78.6
Registered electors			1,029
	Conservative gain from Radical

General election 1837: Oldham ^{[23] [4]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Radical	Y William Augustus Johnson	545	32.4
	Radical	Y John Fielden	541	32.2
	Conservative	Joseph Jones	315	18.8
	Conservative	John Frederick Lees	279	16.6
Majority			226	13.4
Turnout			859	62.6
Registered electors			1,372
	Radical hold
	Radical hold

Elections in the 1840s

General election 1841: Oldham ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Y John Fielden	Unopposed
	Radical	Y William Augustus Johnson	Unopposed
Registered electors			1,467
	Radical hold
	Radical hold

General election 1847: Oldham ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Y William Johnson Fox	726	27.3	N/A
	Peelite	Y John Duncuft	696	26.2	New
	Radical	John Morgan Cobbett	624	23.5	N/A
	Radical	John Fielden	612	23.0	N/A
Turnout			1,329 (est)	78.6 (est)	N/A
Registered electors			1,691
Majority			30	1.1	N/A
	Radical hold		Swing	N/A
Majority			84	3.2	N/A
	Peelite gain from Radical		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1850s

General election 1852: Oldham ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Y John Morgan Cobbett	957	36.8	+13.3
	Peelite	Y John Duncuft	868	33.4	+7.2
	Radical	William Johnson Fox	777	29.9	+2.6
Turnout			1,301 (est)	68.8 (est)	−9.8
Registered electors			1,890
Majority			89	3.4	+2.3
	Radical hold		Swing	+4.9
Majority			91	3.5	+0.3
	Peelite hold		Swing	−11.6

Duncuft's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 3 December 1852: Oldham ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Y William Johnson Fox	895	53.3	−13.4
	Conservative	James Heald [25]	783	46.7	+13.3
Majority			112	6.6	N/A
Turnout			1,678	84.8	+16.0
Registered electors			1,978
	Radical gain from Peelite		Swing	−13.3

General election 1857: Oldham ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	Y John Morgan Cobbett	949	34.1	−2.7
	Radical	Y James Platt	934	33.6	N/A
	Radical	William Johnson Fox	898	32.3	+2.4
Majority			36	1.3	−2.1
Turnout			1,391 (est)	66.3 (est)	−2.5
Registered electors			2,098
	Radical hold		Swing	N/A
	Radical gain from Peelite		Swing	N/A

Platt's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 19 October 1857: Oldham ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	William Johnson Fox	Unopposed
	Radical hold

General election 1859: Oldham ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y William Johnson Fox	1,039	35.1	+2.8
	Liberal	Y John Morgan Cobbett	966	32.6	−1.5
	Liberal	J. T. Hibbert	955	32.3	N/A
Majority			11	0.3	−1.0
Turnout			1,480 (est)	68.8 (est)	+2.5
Registered electors			2,151
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1860s

Fox's resignation caused a by-election.

By-election, 5 May 1862: Oldham ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y J. T. Hibbert	Unopposed
	Liberal hold

General election 1865: Oldham ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y J. T. Hibbert	1,104	28.1	−4.2
	Liberal	Y John Platt	1,075	27.4	N/A
	Liberal	John Morgan Cobbett	899	22.9	−9.7
	Conservative	Frederick Spinks	846	21.6	New
Majority			176	4.5	+4.2
Turnout			1,962 (est)	85.9 (est)	+17.1
Registered electors			2,285
	Liberal hold		Swing
	Liberal hold		Swing

General election 1868: Oldham ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y J. T. Hibbert	6,140	25.1	−3.0
	Liberal	Y John Platt	6,122	25.0	−2.4
	Conservative	John Morgan Cobbett	6,116	25.0	+2.1
	Conservative	Frederick Spinks	6,084	24.9	+3.3
Majority			6	0.0	−4.5
Turnout			12,231 (est)	90.9 (est)	+5.0
Registered electors			13,454
	Liberal hold		Swing	−2.9
	Liberal hold		Swing	−2.6

Elections in the 1870s

Platt's death caused a by-election.

1872 Oldham by-election ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Y John Morgan Cobbett	7,278	51.0	+1.1
	Liberal	Edward Stanley	6,984	49.0	−1.1
Majority			294	2.0	N/A
Turnout			14,262	88.8	−2.1
Registered electors			16,063
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+1.1

General election 1874: Oldham ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Y Frederick Spinks	8,582	25.3	+0.4
	Conservative	Y John Morgan Cobbett	8,541	25.2	+0.2
	Liberal	J. T. Hibbert	8,397	24.8	−0.3
	Liberal	Edward Stanley	8,360	24.7	−0.3
Majority			222	1.6	N/A
Majority			144	0.4	N/A
Turnout			16,940 (est)	91.3 (est)	+0.4
Registered electors			18,560
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+0.4
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+0.3

Cobbett's death caused a by-election.

1877 Oldham by-election ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y J. T. Hibbert	9,542	51.9	+2.4
	Conservative	Thomas Evans Lees [26]	8,831	48.1	−2.4
Majority			711	3.8	N/A
Turnout			18,373	90.7	−0.6
Registered electors			20,249
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+2.4

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: Oldham ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y J. T. Hibbert	10,630	27.5	+2.7
	Liberal	Y Edward Stanley	10,409	27.0	+2.3
	Conservative	Frederick Spinks	8,982	23.3	−2.0
	Conservative	Smith Taylor-Whitehead [27]	8,593	22.3	−2.9
Majority			2,037	5.2	N/A
Majority			1,427	3.7	N/A
Turnout			19,307 (est)	91.6 (est)	+0.3
Registered electors			21,084
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+2.4
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+2.6

General election 1885: Oldham ^{[28] [29]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y J. T. Hibbert	12,259	25.7	−1.8
	Conservative	Y James Mackenzie Maclean	11,992	25.2	+1.9
	Liberal	Edward Stanley	11,847	24.9	−2.1
	Conservative	Smith Taylor-Whitehead [27]	11,491	24.9	+1.9
Turnout			24,016	93.8	+2.2 (est)
Registered electors			25,600
Majority			768	1.5	−2.2
	Liberal hold		Swing	−1.9
Majority			145	0.3	N/A
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+2.0

Elliot Lees

General election 1886: Oldham ^{[28] [29]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Y James Mackenzie Maclean	11,606	25.8	+0.6
	Conservative	Y Elliot Lees	11,484	25.6	+1.4
	Liberal	J. T. Hibbert	10,921	24.3	−1.4
	Liberal	Joshua Cheetham	10,891	24.3	−0.6
Majority			563	1.3	N/A
Turnout			22,608	88.3	−5.5
Registered electors			25,600
	Conservative hold		Swing	+0.6
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+1.4

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1892: Oldham ^{[30] [29]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y Joshua Cheetham	12,619	25.6	+1.3
	Liberal	Y J. T. Hibbert	12,541	25.4	+1.1
	Conservative	Elliot Lees	12,205	24.7	−0.8
	Conservative	James Mackenzie Maclean	11,952	24.2	−1.6
Majority			677	1.4	N/A
Majority			336	0.7	N/A
Turnout			24,857 (est)	89.0	+0.7
Registered electors			27,929
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+1.1
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+1.4

Robert Ascroft

James Oswald

General election 1895: Oldham ^{[30] [29]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Y Robert Ascroft	13,085	26.2	+1.5
	Conservative	Y James Oswald	12,465	25.0	+0.8
	Liberal	Adam Lee	12,249	24.6	−1.0
	Liberal	J. T. Hibbert	12,092	24.2	−1.2
Majority			993	2.0	N/A
Majority			216	0.4	N/A
Turnout			25,185 (est)	87.5	−1.5
Registered electors			28,783
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+1.2
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+1.0

Ascroft’s death and Oswald's resignation caused a by-election.

Walter Runciman

James Mawdsley

1899 Oldham by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y Alfred Emmott	12,976	26.7	+2.1
	Liberal	Y Walter Runciman	12,770	26.2	+2.0
	Conservative	Winston Churchill	11,477	23.6	−2.6
	Conservative	James Mawdsley	11,449	23.5	−1.5
Majority			1,527	3.2	N/A
Majority			1,293	2.6	N/A
Turnout			24,546 (est)	86.2	−1.3
Registered electors			28,476
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+2.4
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+1.8

Elections in the 1900s

Alfred Emmott

General election 1900: Oldham ^{[31] [29]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y Alfred Emmott	12,947	25.3	+0.7
	Conservative	Y Winston Churchill	12,931	25.3	−0.9
	Liberal	Walter Runciman	12,709	24.9	+0.7
	Conservative	Charles Birch Crisp	12,522	24.5	−0.5
Turnout			51,109	87.9	+0.4
Registered electors			29,253
Majority			425	0.8	N/A
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+0.6
Majority			222	0.4	0.0
	Conservative hold		Swing	−0.8

General election 1906: Oldham ^{[31] [29]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y Alfred Emmott	17,397	30.3	+5.0
	Liberal	Y John Bright	16,672	29.0	+4.1
	Conservative	Charles Birch Crisp	11,989	20.9	−3.6
	Conservative	E. L. Hartley	11,391	19.8	−5.5
Turnout			57,449	89.3	+1.4
Registered electors			32,387
Majority			4,683	8.1	N/A
	Liberal hold		Swing	+4.3
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+3.9

Elections in the 1910s

General election January 1910: Oldham ^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y Alfred Emmott	19,252	30.0	−0.3
	Liberal	Y William Barton	18,840	29.4	+0.4
	Conservative	Joseph Hilton	13,462	21.0	+0.1
	Conservative	Sidney Stott	12,577	19.6	−0.2
Majority			5,378	8.4	+0.3
Turnout			64,131	91.8	+2.5
Registered electors			35,315
	Liberal hold		Swing	−0.2
	Liberal hold		Swing	+0.2

General election December 1910: Oldham ^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y Alfred Emmott	17,108	28.1	−1.9
	Liberal	Y William Barton	16,941	27.9	−1.5
	Conservative	Arthur Edward Wrigley	13,440	22.1	+1.1
	Conservative	Edmund Bartley-Denniss	13,281	21.9	+2.3
Majority			3,501	5.8	−2.6
Turnout			60,770	86.8	−5.0
Registered electors			35,315
	Liberal hold		Swing	−1.5
	Liberal hold		Swing	−1.3

1911 Oldham by-election ^[32]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Y Edmund Bartley-Denniss	12,255	40.4	−3.6
	Liberal	Arthur Stanley	10,623	35.0	−21.0
	Labour	William C. Robinson	7,448	24.6	New
Majority			1,632	5.4	N/A
Turnout			30,326	85.1	−1.7
Registered electors			35,626
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+8.7

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

• Liberal: W. H. Sumnervell
• Unionist: John Radcliffe Platt, Edmund Bartley-Denniss
• Labour: William C. Robinson

William Barton

General election 1918: Oldham ^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
C	Unionist	Y Edmund Bartley-Denniss	26,568	34.3	+12.4
C	Liberal	Y William Barton	26,254	34.0	+6.1
	Labour	William C. Robinson	15,178	19.6	N/A
	Liberal	Walter Rea	9,323	12.1	−16.0
Turnout			77,323	54.2	−32.6
Registered electors			71,378
Majority			17,245	22.2	N/A
	Unionist gain from Liberal		Swing	+14.2
Majority			11,076	14.4	+8.6
	Liberal hold		Swing
Cindicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

Elections in the 1920s

Edward Grigg

General election 1922: Oldham ^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National Liberal	Y Edward Grigg	24,762	28.0	N/A
	Labour	Y William Tout	24,434	27.7	+8.1
	Unionist	Samuel Smethurst	23,200	26.2	−8.1
	Liberal	William Tudor Davies	9,812	11.1	−22.9
	Liberal	Mary Emmott	6,186	7.0	−5.1
Turnout			88,394	62.6	+8.4
	National Liberal gain from Liberal		Swing	N/A
Majority			14,950	16.7	N/A
	Labour gain from Unionist		Swing	+8.1
Majority			1,234	1.5	N/A

General election 1923: Oldham (2 seats) ^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Y William Tout	20,939	23.4	−4.3
	Liberal	Y Edward Grigg	20,681	23.2	−4.8
	Liberal	William Wiggins	17,990	20.1	+9.0
	Unionist	W.E. Freeman	15,819	17.7	N/A
	Unionist	Samuel Smethurst	13,894	15.6	−10.6
Majority			2,949	3.3	+1.8
Majority			4,862	5.5	−11.2
Turnout			89,323	76.3	+13.7
	Labour hold		Swing
	Liberal hold		Swing

General election 1924: Oldham ^[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Y Duff Cooper	37,419	31.2
	Liberal	Y Edward Grigg	36,761	30.7
	Labour	William Tout	23,623	19.7
	Labour	James Wilson	22,081	18.4
Majority			13,796	11.5	N/A
Turnout			119,884
	Liberal hold		Swing
	Unionist gain from Labour		Swing

1925 Oldham by-election ^[36]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Y William Wiggins	26,325	54.8	+24.1
	Labour	William Tout	21,702	45.2	+25.5
Majority			4,623	9.6	−1.4
Turnout			48,027
	Liberal hold		Swing

General election 1929: Oldham ^[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Y Gordon Lang	34,223	26.2	+6.5
	Labour	Y James Wilson	32,727	25.0	+6.6
	Unionist	Duff Cooper	29,424	22.5	−8.7
	Liberal	John Dodd	20,810	15.9	−14.8
	Liberal	George James Jenkins	13,528	10.4	N/A
Majority			13,413	10.3	N/A
Majority			3,303	2.5	N/A
Turnout			130,712	81.2
	Labour gain from Liberal		Swing
	Labour gain from Unionist		Swing

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1931: Oldham ^[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Y Anthony Crossley	50,693	32.5
	Conservative	Y Hamilton Kerr	50,395	32.3
	Labour	Gordon Lang	28,629	18.3
	Labour	James Wilson	26,361	16.9
Majority			21,766	14.2	N/A
Majority			24,034	15.4	N/A
Turnout			156,348
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing

General election 1935: Oldham ^[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Y Hamilton Kerr	36,738	25.51
	National Liberal	Y John Dodd	34,755	24.13
	Labour	Gordon Lang	34,316	23.83
	Labour	Matthew Burrow Farr	29,647	20.58
	Liberal	William Gretton Ward	8,534	5.92
Majority			1,983	1.68	−12.5
Turnout			143,990
	Conservative hold		Swing
	National Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing

General Election 1939–40

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the Autumn of 1939, the following candidates had been selected;

• Conservative: Hamilton Kerr
• Liberal National: John Dodd
• Labour: Leslie Hale, D A Mainds ^[37]
• Liberal: James Taylor Middleton ^[38]

Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: Oldham ^[39]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Y Frank Fairhurst	31,704	23.9
	Labour	Y Leslie Hale	31,327	23.6
	Conservative	Hamilton Kerr	26,911	20.3
	National Liberal	John Dodd	24,199	18.2
	Liberal	James Taylor Middleton	10,365	7.8
	Liberal	Thomas Donald Farrell Powell	8,264	6.2
Majority			7,505	5.7	N/A
Majority			4,416	3.3	N/A
Turnout			132,770	74.6
	Labour gain from National Liberal		Swing
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing

References

1. "Chap. 23. Redistribution of Seats Act, 1885". The Public General Acts of the United Kingdom passed in the forty-eighth and forty-ninth years of the reign of Queen Victoria. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. 1885. pp.  111–198.
2. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "O"
3. Rix, Kathryn (21 July 2015). "A rather pale copy of the original: John Morgan Cobbett (1800–1877)". The Victorian Commons. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
4. Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p.  185. ISBN   0-900178-13-2.
5. Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. pp. 90, 134. Retrieved 27 November 2018– via Google Books.
6. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "John Fielden". Encyclopaedia Britannica . Retrieved 27 November 2018.
7. "an ultra-Radical of Cobbettite opinions" - "Oldham". Manchester Times. 29 July 1837. p. 3.
8. "William Johnson Fox (1786–1864), Religious and political orator, journalist and Liberal politician; MP for Oldham". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
9. Rudy, Jason R. (2009). Electric meters: Victorian physiological poetics. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. p. 47. ISBN   978-0-8214-1882-6 . Retrieved 10 June 2018.
10. "Oldham" . Leeds Times. 7 August 1847. p. 7. Retrieved 10 June 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
11. Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 169. Retrieved 27 November 2018– via Google Books.
12. "The Elections" . London Evening Standard. 2 July 1852. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 10 June 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
13. The Reasoner, Volumes 2-3. 1847. p. 461. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
14. "The Country". The Spectator. 11 July 1835. p. 7. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
15. "Electioneering Prospects in Lancashire" . Newcastle Guardian and Tyne Mercury. 3 July 1852. p. 2. Retrieved 10 June 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
16. Rix, Kathryn (27 August 2015). "MP of the Month: the untimely death of James Platt, MP for Oldham (1823–57)". The Victorian Commons. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
17. "The General Election" . Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper. 15 March 1857. p. 2. Retrieved 10 June 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
18. "Death of Mr J M Cobbett MP for Oldham". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 15 February 1877.
19. "The Elections". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 10 July 1852.
20. "The General Election". Morning Post. 30 March 1857.
21. "Oldham Election". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 24 June 1865.
22. "Death of Mr Cobbett MP". Pall Mall Gazette. 14 February 1877.
23. Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN   978-1-349-02349-3.
24. "8 December 1832" . Sun. p. 3. Retrieved 20 April 2020– via British Newspaper Archive.
25. "The Oldham Election" . The Daily News . 3 December 1852. p. 5. Retrieved 14 June 2018– via British Newspaper Archive.
26. "Election Intelligence". Western Mail . 26 February 1877. p. 3. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
27. "The Conservative Candidates for Oldham" . Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 22 November 1882. p. 8. Retrieved 6 December 2017– via British Newspaper Archive.
28. Liberal Year Book (1889), p.217
29. Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN   9781349022984.
30. The Liberal Yearbook (1917), p.316
31. P. F. Clarke, Lancashire and the New Liberalism, pp. 435–436
32. Manchester Guardian , 14 November 1911, p.9
33. The Liberal Year Book (1923), p.261
34. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
35. The Constitutional Year Book (1938), p.220
36. F. W. S. Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results, 1918–1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow, 1949 p211
37. Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party, 1939
38. The Liberal Magazine, 1939
39. "Politics Resources". Election 1945. Politics Resources. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2011.

Sources

• Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885–1972, compiled and edited by F. W. S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1974)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press, revised edition 1977)
• Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832–1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
• Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Volume II 1886–1918, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1978)
• Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Volume III 1919–1945, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1979)
• Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Volume IV 1945–1979, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1981)