Opinel

Last updated
Opinel
Type Private
Industry Manufacturing
Founded1890;133 years ago (1890)
Headquarters Chambéry, Savoie, France
Key people
Joseph Opinel
(Founder)
François Opinel
(President)
Denis Opinel
(CEO)
Products Knives
Revenue€29 million (2021)
Number of employees
160
Website www.opinel.com
No. 10 Opinel knife with carbon steel blade, Virobloc twistlock, and beechwood handle Opinel-bread-01.jpg
No. 10 Opinel knife with carbon steel blade, Virobloc twistlock, and beechwood handle
Functions of the Opinel Knife: unfolding and locking the blade Opinel Traditional French folding knife noBG.jpg
Functions of the Opinel Knife: unfolding and locking the blade

The Opinel company has manufactured and marketed a line of eponymous wooden-handled knives since 1890 from its headquarters in Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, Savoie, France where the family-run company also operates a museum dedicated to its knives. The company sells approximately 15 million knives annually. Opinel knives are made of both high carbon and stainless steel, the latter being Sandvik steel from Sweden.

Contents

Originally sold as a working man's knife, an Opinel knife has become emblematic of French culture. [1] Pablo Picasso is said to have used one of the company's knives as a sculpting tool. [1] In 1989, the Larousse dictionary cited "Opinel" as a registered trademark.

History

Joseph Opinel began making knives in 1890 in Savoie, France as a simple working man's or peasant's knife . [2] [3] [1] [4] It proved popular with the local farmers, herdsmen, and paysans-vignerons (peasant winemakers) of the area. [5] [6] [1] In 1897, a series of twelve sizes, numbered 1 to 12, was developed. [7] [4] [1] From 1901 to 1903, Joseph Opinel built his first factory in Pont de Gévoudaz and produced a machine for mass production of the knife's wooden handles. [7] [4] [1]

The company hired peddlers to sell the knives and opened a small shop near the Chambéry railway junction, where the knives became popular with PLM railroad workers, who in turn spread word of the brand throughout France. [1] [8] By 1909, Opinel had registered his first trademark for the Opinel knife, choosing the main couronnée ("crowned hand") as his emblem. [7] A few years later Opinel annual sales were in the hundreds of thousands, and by the start of World War II as many as 20 million knives had been sold. [9] [4]

The Opinel Virobloc or safety twistlock mechanism was invented by Marcel Opinel in 1955, increasing the safety and versatility of the knife by allowing the blade to be locked in the open position. [7] [4] [1] In 2000, the Virobloc locking mechanism was improved to allow locking the blade in either the open or closed position. [7] [1]

In 1985 the Victoria and Albert Museum in London selected the Opinel knife as part of an exhibit celebrating the “100 most beautiful products in the world”, featuring the Opinel alongside the Porsche 911 sports car and the Rolex watch. [1] The Opinel was also selected as one of the 999 classic designs in Phaidon Design Classics , [7] [1] and has been exhibited by the New York's Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) as a design masterpiece. [1]

Description

Materials

The traditional Opinel knife has a beechwood handle and a high carbon XC90 steel (acier au carbone) blade. Opinel also offers most of its models with a Sandvik 12C27M stainless steel (acier inox) blade. [10] Custom Opinel models are available using luxurious or exotic handle woods such as oak, walnut, olive wood, bubinga (African rosewood), ebony and stained hornbeam, as well as other materials such as cowhorn.

The Opinel Slim Effilé series uses a tapered handle with a slender clip point blade made of Sandvik stainless steel, and the handle may be obtained in a variety of different materials, including bubinga, olive, ebony and cowhorn.

Opinel No 8 Blond Horn Handle knife Opinel No 8 Blond Horn Handle knife.JPG
Opinel No 8 Blond Horn Handle knife

Construction

The locking ring is twisted to secure the blade in position OpinelLockingRing locked.jpg
The locking ring is twisted to secure the blade in position
The same knife with locking ring released in order to close the blade OpinelLockingRing open.jpg
The same knife with locking ring released in order to close the blade
An Opinel Pruning Knife 20181028 Opinel billhook (1990s).jpg
An Opinel Pruning Knife

The current Opinel knife consists of a blade, wooden handle, stainless steel metal clamping band, stainless pivot pin (axle), and (except in the case of the smaller models) a stainless steel Virobloc locking collar, which locks the blade open or closed.

Smaller Opinel models (Nos. 2 through 5) have no locking blade mechanism, and use only the friction of the clamping band against the compressed handle and knife tang to hold the blade open, much the same as all Opinel knives sold before 1955. This simple design was sometimes known as a "penny knife" or "peasant's knife".

The locking collar (Virobloc) was patented in 1955 by Marcel Opinel, and is only found on the larger Opinel models (#6 and up). [7] [1] While simple, the locking mechanism is quite sturdy. [11] Due to the way in which the locking collar tapers, the blade does not loosen over time and can be fixed firmly even once the mechanism is quite worn. In 2000 the locking collar was modified slightly to allow the blade to be locked in the closed as well as the open position. [1] [7] This feature prevents the blade from opening by accident when carried in a pocket. [7] [12]

Eighty percent of all Opinel knives use traditional beechwood for the handle. [8] The company's large demand for beechwood not infrequently results in a shortage of precut handle blanks, forcing the use of rectangular (bulk) sheets, which generate considerable wood waste. The excess wood waste and sawdust generated is subsequently recycled. [8]

Design and operation

The curve of the original Opinel blade is a Yatagan (more commonly described as a drop point with a blade slightly angled downwards from the handle centerline), while the flared butt at the base of the wood handle is referred to as a fishtail. The modern No. 8 knife consists of 5 pieces (formerly 4); the handle, the blade, the pivot or axle, the metal collar and the locking ring or "Virobloc". The blade is quite thin, only 1.68mm (.066 inches), which helps keep its weight to only 45g (1.6 ounces). Original Opinels and the smallest sizes today are still made of only 4 parts, lacking the simple Virobloc locking mechanism. The locking ring can easily be removed with simple tools for use in countries where locking knives are prohibited; some sources[ who? ] claim that opening the blade with the ring in the locked position causes the ring to pop off; it can be replaced easily later if desired. The No. 8 Couteau du Jardin or Garden Knife uses a folding drop-point blade with a slim, tapered wood handle, while the Opinel No. 8 and No. 10 Pruning Knives, designed for pruning shrubs and vines, feature a large folding hawkbill blade fitted to an elegantly curved wooden handle. The Opinel Slim Effile series use a thinner-profile stainless steel blade fitted to a tapered wood handle. Available in several sizes and handle materials, the Slim Effile knives are intended for tasks such as cleaning and fileting fish and thinly slicing meats and cheeses.

Coup du savoyard: No. 8 Opinel knife rapped on table for easier opening Coup du savoyard.jpg
Coup du savoyard: No. 8 Opinel knife rapped on table for easier opening

The traditional Opinel is designed to be opened with two hands, and a nail nick is provided on the blade. [13] It is possible to adjust the fitting of the safety locking collar if it is too tight or too loose. [13] Those practiced in the art of coup du savoyard grip the metal collar between index finger and thumb and tap the heel of the handle firmly on a hard surface, as if using it as a drumstick; the blade should open slightly from the handle, allowing it to be rotated into position with the thumb. [13]

Opinel logo Opinel Ndeg10 blade engraving.jpg
Opinel logo

The main couronnée ("crowned hand") device was already present on the blade of very early models. Later the words OPINEL and FRANCE were added, as well as INOX ("stainless", from "INOXidable", meaning "non-oxidizable) in the case of stainless steel blades.

The image of the hand comes from the arms of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, and represents the relics of John the Baptist, three of whose finger-bones were supposedly brought back from Alexandria by Saint Tecla in the 5th century. The crown comes from the arms of Savoy, the larger region containing Savoie.

Sizes and variations

An Opinel no 12 Opinel 12 7857.jpg
An Opinel no 12

Opinel knives are currently offered in eleven numbered sizes: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13. The No. 1 Opinel was discontinued in 1932. [14] With its tiny 2 cm (0.787-inch) blade and boxwood handle, it was meant to be attached to a key fob or watch chain and used as a tobacco pipe cleaner [14] [15] or nail cleaner, [15] but was judged to be too small. [14] The No. 11 Opinel was discontinued in 1935, its size being considered too similar to Opinels Nos. 10 and 12. [14]

With its 8.5 cm blade, the No. 8 Opinel is perhaps the most widely used size, though Nos. 4, 6, and 10 are consistent sellers. There is a considerable difference in size between No. 12 (12 cm blade) and the recently-added novelty No. 13, Le Géant ("the Giant") with its 22 cm blade. There is now a No. 7 round-ended knife without the sharp point, intended for children and others as "My first Opinel".

A variety of different Opinels have been offered over the years. A few are sold more for their novelty value than for practical purposes, such as Le Géant. Besides the Slim Effile series and the Couteau du Jardin, Opinel also offers a hawkbill-bladed pruning knife designed for use in the garden or vineyard, and a large folding wood saw with locking blade using the same Virobloc mechanism as found on large Opinel knives. For the kitchen, the company sells vegetable peelers, chefs knives, paring knives, knives with corkscrews (couteau tire-bouchon), and prep knives for the kitchen, including a mushroom knife (couteau à champignon), with an integral boar's hair cleaning brush. [14] In 2014, Opinel again released new varieties of knives for cooking. [16]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Utility knife</span> Knife used for general or utility purposes

A utility knife is any type of knife used for general manual work purposes. Such knives were originally fixed-blade knives with durable cutting edges suitable for rough work such as cutting cordage, cutting/scraping hides, butchering animals, cleaning fish scales, reshaping timber, and other tasks. Craft knives are small utility knives used as precision-oriented tools for finer, more delicate tasks such as carving and papercutting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Knife</span> Tool or weapon with a cutting edge or blade

A knife is a tool or weapon with a cutting edge or blade, usually attached to a handle or hilt. One of the earliest tools used by humanity, knives appeared at least 2.5 million years ago, as evidenced by the Oldowan tools. Originally made of wood, bone, and stone, over the centuries, in step with improvements in both metallurgy and manufacturing, knife blades have been made from copper, bronze, iron, steel, ceramic, and titanium. Most modern knives have either fixed or folding blades; blade patterns and styles vary by maker and country of origin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swiss Army knife</span> Multi-tool pocketknife manufactured by Victorinox

The Swiss Army knife is a pocketknife, generally multi-tooled, now manufactured by Victorinox. The term "Swiss Army knife" was coined by American soldiers after World War II after they had trouble pronouncing the German word "Offiziersmesser", meaning "officer’s knife".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Japanese kitchen knife</span> Type of knife used for food preparation

A Japanese kitchen knife is a type of a knife used for food preparation. These knives come in many different varieties and are often made using traditional Japanese blacksmithing techniques. They can be made from stainless steel, or hagane, which is the same kind of steel used to make Japanese swords. Most knives are referred to as hōchō or the variation -bōchō in compound words but can have other names including -kiri. There are four general categories used to distinguish the Japanese knife designs: handle, blade grind, steel, and construction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pocketknife</span> Knife that can be carried in a pocket

A pocketknife is a knife with one or more blades that fold into the handle. They are also known as jackknives (jack-knife), folding knives, EDC knife, or may be referred to as a penknife, though a penknife may also be a specific kind of pocketknife. Blade lengths typically range from 5 to 15 centimetres. Some pocketknives have multiple tools in addition to one or more blades.

The Laguiole knife is a traditional Occitan pocketknife, originally produced in the "knife city" of Thiers, source of 70% of France's cutting tool production, as well as the small village of Laguiole, both located in the Massif central region of France. Laguiole in this instance does not refer to the French knife brand but to a generic type of traditional slipjoint knife associated with this region of France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buck Knives</span> American knife manufacturer

Buck Knives is an American knife manufacturer founded in Mountain Home, Idaho and now located in Post Falls, Idaho. The company has a long history through five generations of the Buck family from 1902 to the present day. Buck Knives primarily manufactures sport and field knives and is credited with inventing the "folding hunting knife" and popularizing it to such a degree that the term "buck knife" has become synonymous with folding lockback knives, including those made by other manufacturers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kitchen knife</span> Knives intended for use in the process of preparing food

A kitchen knife is any knife that is intended to be used in food preparation. While much of this work can be accomplished with a few general-purpose knives – notably a large chef's knife, a tough cleaver, a small paring knife and some sort of serrated blade – there are also many specialized knives that are designed for specific tasks. Kitchen knives can be made from several different materials.

The Marjacq knife is a folding knife made at Thiers in France. The blade is of stainless steel and the handle is of boxwood, olive-wood or ebony, and there is a locking-ring to hold the blade in position, similar to that found on Opinel knives.

Spyderco is an American cutlery company based in Golden, Colorado, producing knives and knife sharpeners. Spyderco pioneered many features that are now common in folding knives, including the pocket clip, serrations, and the opening hole. Spyderco has collaborated with 30 custom knife makers, athletes, and self-defense instructors for designs and innovated the usage of 20 different blade materials.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chris Reeve</span> South African-American knife maker (born 1953)

Christopher Stanley Reeve is a South African-American knife maker, recognized as one of the most influential people in knife making history. Reeve founded Chris Reeve Knives (CRK) in 1984. In 2014, Reeve retired and was inducted into the Blade Magazine Hall of Fame in 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Navaja</span> Spanish folding-blade fighting and utility knife

The navaja is a traditional Spanish folding-blade fighting and utility knife.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">W. R. Case & Sons Cutlery Co.</span> American manufacturer of knives

W.R. Case & Sons Cutlery Company is an American manufacturer of traditional pocket knives, fixed blades/sporting knives, kitchen knives, limited edition commemoratives and collectibles. The company originated in Little Valley, New York, around the turn of the 20th century, before relocating to its current home, Bradford, Pennsylvania, in 1905. The company's namesake, William Russell Case, first made knives with his brothers under the name Case Brothers Cutlery Company. His son, John Russell ("Russ") Case, worked as a salesman for his father's company before founding W.R. Case & Sons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sebenza</span> Folding pocket knife

The Sebenza is a folding pocket knife manufactured by Chris Reeve Knives of Boise, Idaho. It is constructed with a stainless steel blade and titanium handle. Its handle functions as the lock mechanism similar in concept to the Walker linerlock differing in that the handle itself forms the lock bar which holds the blade open. This mechanism was invented by Chris Reeve, and is called the Reeve Integral Lock (R.I.L). It is also commonly referred to as the Framelock, and is one of the most widely implemented locking systems in the folding knife industry, where lock strength and reliability is a product requirement. The name Sebenza is derived from the Zulu word meaning "Work," a tribute to Mr. Reeve's South African origins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Douk-Douk</span> French-made pocket knife

The douk-douk is a French-made pocket knife of simple sheet-metal construction. It has been manufactured by the M. C. Cognet cutlery firm in Thiers, France, since 1929.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cheese knife</span> Type of knife used for cutting or serving cheese

A cheese knife is a type of kitchen knife specialized for the cutting of cheese. Different cheeses require different knives, according primarily to hardness. There are also a number of other kitchen tools designed for cutting or slicing cheese, especially the harder types. These include the cheese cutter, cheese slicer, cheese plane and others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Umnumzaan</span>

The Umnumzaan is a folding pocket knife manufactured by Chris Reeve Knives of Boise, Idaho, and designed by Chris Reeve. The name "Umnumzaan" is derived from the Zulu language, meaning "Head of the family," or "Boss" (colloq.), a tribute to Mr. Reeve's South Africa origins. The Umnumzaan was designed to meet the needs of operators seeking a heavy-duty folder capable of handling heavy use and even abuse. Building upon the Sebenza’s success, the Umnumzaan features: a stronger pivot joint, a thicker blade, a different blade grind with a reinforced tip, improved ergonomics, thicker titanium handles, a thicker titanium lock bar, a stronger ceramic ball detent system, a larger titanium spacer, a phosphor-bronze washer system designed to act as a ‘dry-sump’ to retain lubrication and keep dirt out, an oversized ambidextrous-thumb studs & extended lock bar to aid operation when wearing gloves, a lanyard pivot joint that uses pivoting lanyard tie bars, and a deeply textured grip.

Chris Reeve Knives is an American knife manufacturing corporation with international sales and distribution headquartered in Boise, Idaho, that designs, develops, and sells folding pocket knives and fixed-blade knives. Its products include the Sebenza, Inkosi, Umnumzaan, TiLock, Mnandi folding knives, Impinda slip joint, and the Green Beret, Pacific, Professional Soldier, Nyala, and Sikayo fixed blade knives. Chris Reeve Knives' industry contributions include the Integral Lock, contributions to the blade steels CPM-S30V and CPM-S35VN, and has won Blade Magazine's Blade Show Manufacturing Quality Award 15 times. Their motto is Think Twice, Cut Once.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Table knife</span> Type of cutlery

A table knife is an item of cutlery with a single cutting edge, and a blunt end – part of a table setting. Table knives are typically of moderate sharpness only, designed to cut prepared and cooked food.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steak knife</span> Sharp table knife used for cutting steak

A steak knife is a sharp table knife designed to efficiently and effectively cut steak. This type of knife comes in a variety of styles and sizes; however, the design often used in a steakhouse typically features a partially serrated blade and wood handle.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 C NEWS, Le Couteau Opinel, La Lame Universelle , Directsoir, no 233, 30 october 2007, republished 7 July 2013, retrieved 15 May 2022
  2. Musée de l'Opinel: Bienvenue Archived 2011-06-17 at the Wayback Machine , retrieved 5 July 2011
  3. Opinel, Savoie's Famous Knife , Serveur Savoie
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 L'Opinel, une fine lame toujours à l'affût, Rhône-Alpes, April 2006, retrieved 15 May 2022
  5. Musée de l'Opinel: Bienvenue, retrieved 5 July 2011
  6. Opinel, Savoie's Famous Knife, Serveur Savoie
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Opinel History Archived 2011-11-23 at the Wayback Machine , Opinel USA, retrieved 4 July 2011
  8. 1 2 3 Serraz, Gabrielle, (2009), Opinel: plus qu’un couteau, un objet culte Archived 2012-03-30 at the Wayback Machine Les Echoes, 8 July 2009
  9. Opinel in the World , Musee De L'Opinel, retrieved 4 July 2011
  10. Opinel Carbon vs. Stainless Blades Archived 2011-05-21 at the Wayback Machine , OpiKnife.com, retrieved 5 July 2011
  11. (2006), Opinel Folders , Outdoors-Magazine.com, 19 September 2006 (revised)
  12. Coutellerie: couteaux-fermants, Opinel, UNIFRANCE.fr (2007): La bague double sécurité Virobloc® permet de bloquer la lame en position ouverte pour empêcher qu'elle se referme et, en position fermée, pour empêcher qu'elle s'ouvre en poche.
  13. 1 2 3 (2011), Smooth functioning , Musée de l'Opinel, retrieved 5 July 2011
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 (2009), Chahi, C. L’Opinel, un design intemporel , maisonapart.com, 26 June 2009
  15. 1 2 Le Grand Robert & Collins French-English Dictionary, édition 2008-2009, Vol. 1, Harper-Collins Publishers Ltd., ISBN   2-84902-412-0, ISBN   978-2-84902-412-6 (2009): cure-pipe, nm - pipe cleaner; cure-ongles, nm = nail cleaner
  16. "Diversification réussie pour les couteaux Opinel". lefigaro.fr. 2 February 2014.