Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne

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Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Sent-Jian-de-Môrièna (Arpitan)
Panorama Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (juillet 2018).JPG
A view of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in the direction of Modane
Blason ville fr Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (Savoie).svg
Location of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
France location map-Regions and departements-2016.svg
Red pog.svg
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Coordinates: 45°16′22″N6°20′54″E / 45.2729°N 6.3484°E / 45.2729; 6.3484
Country France
Region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Department Savoie
Arrondissement Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Canton Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Intercommunality Cœur de Maurienne Arvan
Government
  Mayor (20202026) Philippe Rollet [1]
Area
1
11.51 km2 (4.44 sq mi)
Population
 (2021) [2]
7,536
  Density650/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+01:00 (CET)
  Summer (DST) UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
73248 /73300
Elevation489–1,200 m (1,604–3,937 ft)
(avg. 566 m or 1,857 ft)
Website saintjeandemaurienne.fr
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ʒɑ̃mɔʁjɛn] ; Arpitan : Sent-Jian-de-Môrièna or Sant-Jian-de-Môrièna; Italian : San Giovanni di Moriana) is a subprefecture of the Savoie department, in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (formerly Rhône-Alpes), in southeastern France.

Contents

It lies in the Maurienne, the valley of the river Arc. It was also an Episcopal See of Savoy during the Ancien Régime and again from 1825 to 1966. Its original name was simply Maurienne, or Moriana in Italian and Latin.

Geography

Location

Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is located at the confluence of the Arc, a river which has shaped the Maurienne Valley, and the Arvan  [ fr ] which descends the Arves Valley (Col de la Croix de Fer).

The neighbouring communes of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne are Saint-Julien-Mont-Denis, Jarrier, Hermillon, Villargondran, Albiez-le-Jeune, Albiez-Montrond, Saint-Pancrace and Pontamafrey-Montpascal.

Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is close to Albertville (59 km), Chambery (72 km), Grenoble (103 km), Turin (137 km) and Lyon (174 km).

Climate

The climate is the alpine type because of the presence of the Alpine Massif.

CitySunshineRainSnowStormFog
Paris 1797 hrs/yr642 mm (25.3 in)/yr15 days/yr19 days/yr13 days/yr
Nice 2694 hrs/yr767 mm (30.2 in)/yr1 day/yr31 days/yr1 day/yr
Strasbourg 1637 hrs/yr610 mm (24 in)/yr30 days/yr29 days/yr65 days/yr
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne1970 hrs/yr960 mm (38 in)/yr... days/yr... days/yr... days/yr
National average1973 hrs/yr770 mm (30 in)/yr14 days/yr22 days/yr40 days/yr
Climate data for Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1983−2020)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)19.1
(66.4)
22.2
(72.0)
25.8
(78.4)
30.0
(86.0)
33.2
(91.8)
37.0
(98.6)
39.5
(103.1)
39.0
(102.2)
32.1
(89.8)
29.9
(85.8)
23.9
(75.0)
21.1
(70.0)
39.5
(103.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)5.9
(42.6)
8.2
(46.8)
13.8
(56.8)
17.7
(63.9)
21.4
(70.5)
25.0
(77.0)
27.4
(81.3)
27.0
(80.6)
22.1
(71.8)
16.9
(62.4)
10.4
(50.7)
6.1
(43.0)
16.8
(62.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)2.0
(35.6)
3.6
(38.5)
8.2
(46.8)
11.7
(53.1)
15.4
(59.7)
19.0
(66.2)
21.1
(70.0)
20.7
(69.3)
16.5
(61.7)
11.9
(53.4)
6.3
(43.3)
2.5
(36.5)
11.6
(52.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−1.9
(28.6)
−1.1
(30.0)
2.5
(36.5)
5.7
(42.3)
9.5
(49.1)
12.9
(55.2)
14.8
(58.6)
14.5
(58.1)
10.9
(51.6)
7.0
(44.6)
2.2
(36.0)
−1.1
(30.0)
6.3
(43.3)
Record low °C (°F)−18.2
(−0.8)
−14.4
(6.1)
−10.0
(14.0)
−4.7
(23.5)
−0.2
(31.6)
1.2
(34.2)
6.0
(42.8)
3.7
(38.7)
1.0
(33.8)
−3.9
(25.0)
−9.3
(15.3)
−13.2
(8.2)
−18.2
(−0.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)91.1
(3.59)
66.4
(2.61)
70.3
(2.77)
61.0
(2.40)
81.0
(3.19)
69.7
(2.74)
67.5
(2.66)
75.1
(2.96)
62.9
(2.48)
76.8
(3.02)
87.6
(3.45)
101.5
(4.00)
910.9
(35.86)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)8.98.08.49.011.810.89.19.48.39.89.79.9113.1
Source: Météo-France [3]

Lines of communication and transport

The Maurienne Valley and its main channels of communication to Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne Maurienne a Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (2014).JPG
The Maurienne Valley and its main channels of communication to Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne

Roads

Railway

Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is on the route of the future Lyon-Turin rail link. Homes, businesses, the current railway station and the rescue centre are affected by the project. The Lyon Turin Railway company (LTF) which manages the construction projects plans to build new railway station in the Sous-le-Bourg neighborhood, serving both the historic line and the new Lyon-Turin line. Geological and topographical investigations are underway. The project promises to be even more complex than that of the Channel Tunnel.

Public transport

The town of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is equipped with a network of public transport run by the Communauté de communes Cœur de Maurienne  [ fr ]. [4]

Air

A heliport is available for the helicopter of the gendarmerie whose base is located in Modane.

Urbanism

General view of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne Vue saint jean de maurienne.jpg
General view of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne

Urban morphology

La Bastille, Les Chaudannes and Les Clapeys are the three main quarters.

Housing

The total number of dwellings in the commune is 4,240. [5] Among such housing, 87.9% are principal residences, 5.4% are secondary homes and 6.7% are vacant dwellings. These accommodations have a share of 17.5% as individual houses, 79.3% as apartments and finally only 3.2% as dwellings of another type. The number of residents who own their homes is 37.9%. [5] This is lower than the national average which adds up to nearly 55.3%. The number of tenants is 56.7% throughout the housing which is higher than the national average of 39.8%. [5] It may be noted also that 5.4% of the inhabitants of the commune are people who are housed for free while at the level of the whole of the France the percentage is 4.9%. Still on all of the municipality housing, 3.5% are studios, 11.5% are two-room housing, 28.4% have three, 34.5% of dwellings have four rooms, and 22.1% of dwellings have five rooms or more. [5]

Development projects

Toponymy

The locality named is after John the Baptist, the precursor, son of Zechariah and Saint Elizabeth, cousin of Jesus, beheaded in 31 AD at the request of the Princess Salome.

The Latin name is Mauriana.

History

Relics of Saint John the Baptist during the festival of bread. Fete du pain st jean de maurienne 2008.jpg
Relics of Saint John the Baptist during the festival of bread.

Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne has been the capital of the Maurienne Valley since the 6th century. After Saint Thècle reported from Alexandria (Egypt) the relics of St. John the Baptist, which are the three fingers represented on the arms of the city, as well as on the Opinel knife blades, the town was raised to the rank of diocese by Guntram, grandson of Clovis I.

In 753, Grifo went to Italy to join the King of the Lombards, Aistulf, the most powerful opponent of his half-brother, the King of the Franks, Pepin the Short, but he was killed at Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne by the men of Pepin.

The oldest possessions of the Counts of Savoy were the counties of Maurienne, Savoy proper (the district between Arc, Isère, and the middle course of the Rhone), and Belley, with Bugey as its chief town.

The Duchy of Savoy, which had been a French-speaking province under the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont, was invaded by Revolutionary France, but restored to Piedmont in 1815. It became part of France in 1859, after the Second Italian War of Independence.

The Aix-les-Bains—Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne railway opened in 1857. [6]

In the early 1900s, the technological advances of Swiss hydroelectric power were originally the subject of intense stock market speculation on hydroelectric companies, which benefitted the Maurienne Valley with industrial facilities, and tourism took off.

Politics and administration

The city of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is a sub-prefecture of Savoie. It is the seat of the arrondissement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, the canton of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne and the Communauté de communes Cœur de Maurienne Arvan  [ fr ]. [7] [8]

The city of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is part of Savoie's 3rd constituency.

Traditionally, Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne has been a stronghold of the Socialist left from the 1930s because of the importance of its worker labor pool. Thus, Roland Merloz was the Socialist mayor from 1977 to 2008. But since the 1990s and sociological changes in the Maurienne (departure of factories, multiplication of tourist resorts, decrease of the population with an increase in representation of the elderly), the right-wing vote has increased. A UMP Councillor General, Pierre-Marie Charvoz, was elected in 2001, Nicolas Sarkozy was in the lead in the two rounds of the presidential elections of 2007, with respectively 33.5% and 56.62%, and in 2008, Pierre-Marie Charvoz won the communal elections.

Municipal government

The city council of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne has 29 members. It is composed of a mayor, seven assistants, four delegate councillors and seventeen councillors.

Roland Merloz, mayor of the city since 1977, announced his desire not to stand in 2008.

The following is the share of seats in the municipal council of Saint Jean de Maurienne:

PartyMain candidateSeatsStatus
UMP Pierre-Marie Charvoz23Majority
Union of the LeftHervé Bottino6Opposition

In the municipal elections of March 2008, turnout of the first round was 65.46% with a total of 5,310 people registered to vote in the commune. The number of voters amounted to 3,476 voters which 3,393 expressed themselves. In the first round, the presidential majority list of Ensemble pour Saint Jean [Together for Sain Jean] with its head, Pierre-Marie Charvoz collected 46.95% of the vote or 1,593 votes. Followed by the list of "Saint Jean 10,000" led by Hervé Bottino, having received 34.39% of the vote or 1,169 votes. In third position, Saint Jean à venir [Saint Jean to come] list, headed by Christine Merlin got 13.26% of the votes or 450 votes. Finally the list Vivons Saint Jean [Live Saint Jean], led by Florence Arnoux Le Bras got 5.39% or 183 votes.

In the second round, the turnout was 68.57%. The number of voters amounted to 3,642 voters with 3,509 expressing themselves. In the second round, the presidential majority list of Ensemble pour Saint Jean with its head, Pierre-Marie Charvoz collected 55.40% of the vote or 1,944 votes and won 23 seats. The list of "Saint Jean 10 000" conducted by Hervé Bottino, received 44.60% of the vote or 1,565 votes and was therefore awarded 6 seats. The other lists were not present in the second round.

List of mayors

List of mayors of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
StartEndNamePartyOther details
18601862Cyrille Richard...Mayor
18621865Antoine Mottard...Mayor
18651870Cyrille Richard...Mayor
18701870Alexis Magnin...Provisional mayor
18701874Maurice Petit...Mayor
18741876Cyrille Richard...Mayor
18761881Ignace Deleglise...Mayor
18811904Florimond Truchet...Mayor
19041911Joseph Vuillermet...Mayor
19111912Charles Bonnivard...Mayor
19121935 Henri Falcoz  [ fr ]...Mayor, député
19351938Alphonse Thibieroz...Mayor
19381943Jean-Pierre Bouttaz...Mayor
19431944Guido Fodéré...Mayor
19441945Georges Beaufils...Mayor
19451953 Florimond Girard  [ fr ] UNR Conseiller général, député
19531971Samuel PasquierUNRMayor
19711977Charles GubianUNRMayor
19772008Roland Merloz PS Conseiller général
20082020Pierre-Marie Charvoz UMP then UDI Mayor/Conseiller général
2020In progressPhilippe Rollet...Mayor

Twin towns – sister cities

The signature of the memorandum of friendship with Tessalit in Mali, on 19 November 2005 Sign tessalit.jpg
The signature of the memorandum of friendship with Tessalit in Mali, on 19 November 2005

Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is twinned with: [9]

Population and society

Demography

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
17932,005    
18002,240+1.60%
18062,371+0.95%
18222,550+0.46%
18383,084+1.20%
18482,837−0.83%
18583,471+2.04%
18613,254−2.13%
18663,088−1.04%
18723,121+0.18%
18763,087−0.27%
YearPop.±% p.a.
18812,987−0.66%
18863,068+0.54%
18913,114+0.30%
18963,278+1.03%
19013,081−1.23%
19063,110+0.19%
19113,327+1.36%
19213,794+1.32%
19264,156+1.84%
19314,456+1.40%
19365,201+3.14%
YearPop.±% p.a.
19465,886+1.24%
19546,676+1.59%
19627,404+1.30%
19688,685+2.70%
19759,746+1.66%
19829,639−0.16%
19909,439−0.26%
19998,902−0.65%
2009 8,374−0.61%
2014 7,889−1.19%
2020 7,560−0.71%
From 1962 to 1999: Population without double counting; for the years following: municipal population.
Source: EHESS [10] and INSEE [11]

The population structure of the commune of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in 2017: [12]

The total number of households in Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is 3,729. These households are not all equal in numbers of individuals. Some of these households contain one, others two, three, four, five or even more than six people. Here, below, is the data as a percentage of the distribution of these households, compared to the total number of households.

Households
Households of:1 person2 people3 people4 people5 people6+ people
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne32.9%31.8%16.8%13.4%3.5%1.6%
National average31%31.1%16.2%13.8%5.5%2.4%
Data sources: INSEE [13]

Teaching

Kindergartens:

Primary schools:

Collèges:

High schools:

Cultural events and festivities

Relics of St. John the Baptist at the festival of bread. Reliquie di San Giovanni Battista esposte a San Giovanni di Moriana.jpg
Relics of St. John the Baptist at the festival of bread.

Health

Sports

Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is located close to some of the major Alpine passes, and of the Les Sybelles ski area and the Vanoise National Park. Activities are available for nature and sports enthusiasts, both hikers and cyclists, as well as skiers. Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne provides access to the Croix-de-Fer, the Télégraphe, the Lautaret, the Grand Cucheron, the Madeleine, the Glandon, the Iseran, Mont Cenis and the Galibier mountain passes. The city regularly hosts major cycling races such as the Tour de France or the Critérium du Dauphiné. The Tour de France came to the commune during the 2006, 2010, and 2012 races. The 2015 Tour de France had a stage finish in the commune on 23 July, at the end of stage 18. The following day, it was the departure point for stage 19. Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne was last visited for the Tour in the 2019 Tour de France

Media

Local television:

Local radio:

Economy

Income of the population and taxation

Employment

The unemployment rate for the commune, in 1999, amounted to 8.8%, [16] with a total number of 359 unemployed. The workforce between 20 and 59 years stood at 84%, which is higher than the national average at 82.2%. There were 46% of people employed versus 19.1% of retirees, whose number is slightly higher than the average national (18.2%). There were 21.9% of people of school age and 13% of people without activity. [16]

Distribution of employment by industry
 AgricultureArtisans, merchants, business leadersExecutives, intellectual professionsAssociate professionalsEmployeesManual workers
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne0%6.9%7.5%20.2%28.7%36.8%
National average2.4%6.4%12.1%22.1%29.9%27.1%
Data sources: INSEE [17]

Businesses in the agglomeration

The Alcan factory, with the Arc river in the foreground Usine d'aluminium de Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne.jpg
The Alcan factory, with the Arc river in the foreground

Alcan (ex-Pechiney): Currently, an important activity of production of aluminium by electrolysis of alumina still exists thanks to a Trimet France factory. The factory celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2007.

Commerce

With tourism growing through the winter sport resorts and the proximity of the major passes of the Alps and of the Vanoise National Park, local commerce is a new dynamic.[ citation needed ]

Local culture and heritage

Places and monuments

Medieval period

  • Le Tabellion or Correrie: House of the judge Corrier, appointed jointly by the Count of Savoy and the Bishop. Built after the revolt of Arves in 1326.
  • The Rue du Collège: A medieval street, last example of shops from the 15th and 16th centuries.

Contemporary period

Religious monuments

The cloister Cloitre st jean de maurienne.jpg
The cloister
  • The Cathedral of Saint-Jean-Baptiste  [ fr ]: A singular mixture of styles and periods. Its origin dates back to the 11th century. Classified as an historical monument in 1906.
  • The crypt: Built in the early Romanesque period and rediscovered in 1958.
  • The choir stalls in the cathedral: Completed in 1498, this masterpiece of Gothic art in walnut is attributed to Pierre Mochet.
  • The cloister: located between the cathedral and the refectory of the canons, its origin dates back to 1450. Classified as an historical monument in 1933.
  • The bell tower: A former capitular keep having lost its Gothic spire and its four pinnacles in 1794.
  • Notre-Dame church: The old parish church, now closed to the public, its origin dates back to the 11th century. The bell tower, today separated from the church, was the entrance.
  • Palace of the Bishops of Maurienne or former bishop: [18] redesigned in the 18th century and classified municipal building since 1905. The grand salon is a beautiful example of Baroque art.
  • Chapel of Bonne Nouvelle: A pilgrimage place in Baroque style with ex-votos. Orientation table.
  • Chapel of St. Joseph's college (137, Rue du Collège). A Baroque chapel situated in St. Joseph's college (formerly college Lambertain, founded in 1534)

Green spaces

Arvan Valley 200604 - Vallee de l Arvan.JPG
Arvan Valley

The Clos Carloz and the recreation area of the Combe are the main green spaces in the city. There is also the Garden of Europe and the Saint Ayrald Garden.

Gastronomy

Cultural heritage

The commune has several museums:

Notable cultural associations:

Green and floral spaces

In 2014, the commune of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne has the "Floral City" label with "three flowers" awarded by the National Council of floral cities and villages of France in the Concours des villes et villages fleuris. [19]

Personalities linked to the commune

Born in the commune:

Other personalities:

Heraldry

Arms of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne Blason ville fr Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (Savoie).svg
Arms of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
The arms of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne are blazoned:
Of azure a hand blessing of argent, dressed of same.

This coat of arms was firstly that of the chapter of the cathedral, before becoming that of the city. There originated the relics of Saint John the Baptist, made in the 6th century: Three fingers of the hand which baptised Christ, hence the hand blessing symbol. This coat of arms is now widespread in much of the world, on the Opinel knife blade: The "crowned hand". The hand blessing recalls the origin of the knife, near Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, and the ducal crown means that it is now produced in Chambéry, the capital of the Dukes of Savoy.



See also

Bibliography

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The Culoz–Modane railway is a 135 kilometres long railway running from Culoz, near Chambéry, through Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne to Modane in France. Together with the Italian Turin–Modane railway it is often called "Fréjus Railway" or "Mont Cenis Railway".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fortified Sector of Savoy</span>

The Fortified Section of Savoy(Secteur fortifié de la Savoie) was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the Alpine Line portion of the Maginot Line facing Italy in the Savoy region. The sector constituted part of the Alpine Line portion of the Maginot Line, between the Defensive Sector of the Rhône to the north, and the Fortified Sector of the Dauphiné to the south. The works combined a number of pre-1914 fortifications with Maginot-style ouvrages, with many forward-positioned cavern-style frontier stations or avant-postes that proved effective in holding invading forces near the order.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Château de Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne</span> Castle in France

The Château de Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne is a 13th-century castle in the commune of Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne Savoie département of France.

The history of Savoy presents a synthesis of the various periods, from prehistory to the present day, of the geographical and historical entity known as Savoy, a territory whose definition has varied over the course of historical periods, until it was defined by the two French departments of Savoie and Haute-Savoie.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mont-Cenis Lake</span> Lake in the Mont-Cenis massif

The Mont-Cenis Lake is a lake located in the Mont-Cenis massif at an altitude of 1,974 meters in the municipality of Val-Cenis in France. It is situated at the top of the Cenise valley, on the Italian side of the Mont-Cenis pass, the most frequented passage on the Lyon-Turin-Milan axis during the Middle Ages between Western Europe and the Italian peninsula. This was while the Montgenèvre pass required an initial crossing, followed by the Lautaret pass, and the Petit-Saint-Bernard pass was 107 meters higher.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arves massif</span> Mountain range in the French Alps

The Arves massif are a massif in the French Alps located in the departments of Savoie, Isère and Hautes-Alpes. Oisans covers part of the massif.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tourism in Savoie</span> The Savoie region has a thriving tourism industry

The Savoie region, which encompasses the French departments of Savoie and Haute-Savoie, has a thriving tourism industry. The Savoie Mont Blanc brand represents the region in this sector.

References

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