Picris | |
---|---|
Picris hieracioides [1] | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Subfamily: | Cichorioideae |
Tribe: | Cichorieae |
Subtribe: | Hypochaeridinae |
Genus: | Picris L. [2] [3] |
Type species | |
Picris hieracioides | |
Synonyms [6] | |
Picris (oxtongues) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. [2]
Picris species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as the grass moth Diasemia reticularis . Schinia cardui feeds exclusively on P. hieracioides .
The genus is widespread across Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. [11] [12] [13]
Erect annual to perennial taprooted herbs, mostly branching, stem and leaves bearing stiff bristly hairs, with rather large, usually corymbose or paniculate heads of yellow flowers. [14] [15]
The genus Picris was first validly described by Linnaeus in 1753 [2] with the genus being accepted by a number of secondary sources including Plants of the World Online. [16] Linnaeus initially described four species with P. hieracioides, P. echioides, P. pyrenaica and P. asplenioides. [2] In 1913, Britton and Brown proposed P. asplenioides as the type species for the genus. [14] Subsequently, in 1930, Hitchcock and Green alternatively proposed P. hieracioides as the type species. [17] The Hitchcock and Green proposal was adopted by Lack in 1975 and accepted by Jarvis in 1992. [18] [19] Lack argued that Linnaeus never saw P. asplenioides which Linnaeus regarded as an obscure species and no specimen could be found in the Linnean Herbarium. [18] For this reason Lack concluded that P. hieracioides should be designated as the type species. [18]
In 1794, the German botanist Conrad Moench described the genus Medicusia and the species M. aspera. [8] This genus has not been accepted and is considered a synonym of Picris. M. aspera has also been determined to be a synonym of P. rhagadioloides. [20]
Picris is from the Greek picros meaning 'bitter', in reference to the bitter taste of some species in the genus. [15] [14]
Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts:
Matricaria is a genus of flowering plants in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family. Some of the species have the common name of "mayweed", but this name also refers to plants not in this genus.
Melampodium is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family.
Cephalocroton is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1841. It is native to central, eastern, and southern Africa from Nigeria and Ethiopia south to KwaZulu-Natal.
Crotonogyne is a shrub of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) first described as a genus in 1864. It is native to western and central Africa. It is dioecious.
Manniophyton is a genus of lianas of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) described as a genus in 1864. It contains only one known species, Manniophyton fulvum, native to tropical western and central Africa from Guinea to Angola. It is dioecious.
Pentabrachion is a plant genus from the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1864. It contains only one known species, Pentabrachion reticulatum, native to tropical Africa.
Nikolai Stepanovich Turczaninow was a Russian botanist and plant collector who first identified several genera, and many species, of plants.
Picris hieracioides, or hawkweed oxtongue, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.
Philosophia Botanica was published by the Swedish naturalist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) who greatly influenced the development of botanical taxonomy and systematics in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is "the first textbook of descriptive systematic botany and botanical Latin". It also contains Linnaeus's first published description of his binomial nomenclature.
Helminthotheca echioides, known as bristlyoxtongue, is a sprawling annual or biennial herb native to Europe and North Africa. It was originally placed within the genus Picris but is often separated within the small genus Helminthotheca alongside a few other plants which also have the distinctive outer row of bracts around the flowerheads. It is a ruderal plant, found on waste ground and agricultural soils around the world, and in some places it is considered a troublesome weed.
Elephantopus is a genus of perennial plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae).
Polymnia is a genus of American plants in the sunflower family. It is the only genus in the tribe Polymnieae. Several species are known by the common name leafcup.
Critica Botanica was written by Swedish botanist, physician, zoologist and naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). The book was published in Germany when Linnaeus was 29 with a discursus by the botanist Johannes Browallius (1707–1755), bishop of Åbo. The first edition was published in July 1737 under the full title Critica botanica in qua nomina plantarum generica, specifica & variantia examini subjiciuntur, selectoria confirmantur, indigna rejiciuntur; simulque doctrina circa denominationem plantarum traditur. Seu Fundamentorum botanicorum pars IV Accedit Johannis Browallii De necessitate historiae naturalis discursus.
Carex hirta, the hairy sedge or hammer sedge, is a species of sedge native across Europe. It has characteristic hairy leaves and inflorescences, and is the type species of the genus Carex.
Psittacanthus robustus is a species of Neotropical mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae, which is found in Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela.
Pausandra is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described in 1870. It is native to Central America and South America.
Argyranthemum foeniculaceum, called the Canary Island marguerite, is native to the Canary Islands,. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental and naturalized in California and Australia.
Fritillaria dagana is a rare bulbous herbaceous perennial plant native to Siberia, Russia. It is a species in the genus Fritillaria of the family Liliaceae. It is placed in the subgenus Liliorhiza.
Gerbera ambigua is a species of flowering plant in the section Lasiopus of genus Gerbera belonging to the basal Mutisieae tribe within the large Asteraceae family.
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