Picris

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Picris
Illustration Picris hieracioides0.jpg
Picris hieracioides [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Cichorioideae
Tribe: Cichorieae
Subtribe: Hypochaeridinae
Genus: Picris
L.   [2] [3]
Type species
Picris hieracioides
Synonyms [6]
  • SpitzeliaSch.Bip. [7]
  • MedicusiaMoench [8]
  • HagioserisBoiss. [9]
  • DeckeraSch.Bip. [10]

Picris (oxtongues) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. [2]

Contents

Picris species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as the grass moth Diasemia reticularis . Schinia cardui feeds exclusively on P. hieracioides .

The genus is widespread across Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. [11] [12] [13]

Etymology

Picris is from the Greek picros meaning 'bitter', in reference to the bitter taste of some species in the genus. [14] [15]

Description

Erect annual to perennial taprooted herbs, mostly branching, stem and leaves bearing stiff bristly hairs, with rather large, usually corymbose or paniculate heads of yellow flowers. [15] [14]

Taxonomy

Taxonomic history

The genus Picris was first validly described by Linnaeus in 1753 [2] with the genus being accepted by a number of secondary sources including Plants of the World Online. [16] Linnaeus initially described four species with P. hieracioides, P. echioides, P. pyrenaica and P. asplenioides. [2] In 1913, Britton and Brown proposed P. asplenioides as the type species for the genus. [15] Subsequently, in 1930, Hitchcock and Green alternatively proposed P. hieracioides as the type species. [17] The Hitchcock and Green proposal was adopted by Lack in 1975 and accepted by Jarvis in 1992. [18] [19] Lack argued that Linnaeus never saw P. asplenioides which Linnaeus regarded as an obscure species and no specimen could be found in the Linnean Herbarium. [18] For this reason Lack concluded that P. hieracioides should be designated as the type species. [18]

In 1794, the German botanist Conrad Moench described the genus Medicusia and the species M. aspera. [8] This genus has not been accepted and is considered a synonym of Picris. M. aspera has also been determined to be a synonym of P. rhagadioloides. [20]

Species

'Source [21]

References

  1. ↑ 1885 illustration from Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885, Gera, Germany
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Linnaeus 1753, p. 792.
  3. ↑ "Picris". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  4. ↑ Taxon 44: 611-612 (1995)
  5. ↑ Tropicos, Picris L.
  6. ↑ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  7. ↑ Schultz 1833, p. 725.
  8. 1 2 Moench 1794, p. 536.
  9. ↑ Boissier 1849, p. 35.
  10. ↑ Schultz 1834, p. 479.
  11. ↑ Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 347 毛连菜属 mao lian cai shu Picris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 792. 1753.
  12. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Picris
  13. ↑ Atlas of Living Australia, search for Picris
  14. 1 2 Holzapfel 2015, p. 143.
  15. 1 2 3 Britton & Brown 1913, p. 311.
  16. ↑ Kew Science Plants of the World Online , retrieved 19 July 2020
  17. ↑ Hitchcock & Green 1929, p. 177.
  18. 1 2 3 Lack 1975.
  19. ↑ Jarvis 1992.
  20. ↑ "Medicusia Moench". Compositae. The Global Database.
  21. ↑ The Plant List search for Picris

Sources

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