Platycheirus

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Platycheirus
Platycheirus.clypeatus.jpg
Platycheirus clypeatus female
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Syrphidae
Subfamily: Syrphinae
Tribe: Bacchini
Genus: Platycheirus
Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 [1]
Synonyms
  • Platychirusauthors

Platycheirus is a large genus of hoverflies. [2] They are also called sedgesitters. [3] The genus Platycheirus was established in 1828 by Lepeletier and Serville, with the type specimen of Syrphus scutatus Meigen. This genus is primarily Holarctic in distribution, encompassing 70 species within the Nearctic region. Notably, at least 23 of these Nearctic species are also found in the Palearctic realm, with their approximately 110 species.The distribution of Platycheirus is markedly boreal, with half of the 70 Nearctic species in the Yukon, Northwest Territories, or Alaska. The genus is widespread from Mexico, Central and South America, [4] Europe, [5] Asia, Southeast Asia, Platycheirus are not found in Australia, Indonesia and New Guinea. [6] The genus has a variety of food choices for larvae, ranging from generalized aphid predators to species that specialize in feeding on one or two specific aphid species. Most are feeding within the ground layer of leaf litter. [7]

Contents

Characteristics

For terminology and a key to European Syrphidae see Speight. [8]

Platycheirus are slender, small to medium-sized flies that are often covered in fine hairs. They are mostly black or metallic green, and they may have yellow, reddish, or whitish-yellow spots on their abdomens. These flies do not have any bristles.

Platycheirus head Platycheirus brunnifrons head profile.png
Platycheirus head

The head of a Platycheirus is somewhat rounded and is usually a bit wider than it is tall. It is also slightly wider than the thorax, with a small indentation at the back. The epistoma, which is the lower part of the face, is black and has a central knob. The face is often slightly recessed and has a small bump. The upper edge of the mouth is slightly extended.

Platycheirus wing Platycheirus wing diagram.jpg
Platycheirus wing

The antennae are placed high on the face, above the middle, and the third segment of the antennae is longer than it is wide. The arista, which is a part of the antennae, is thickened in its base and has tiny hairs. The eyes are smooth and are holoptic in males, meaning they meet in the middle. The wings have a cross-vein (R-M) located before the middle of the discal cell. There is a distinct but not very strong spurious vein.

P. urakawensis leg P. urakawensis leg.png
P. urakawensis leg

The legs of Platycheirus are somewhat slender. The hind metatarsi are thickened and show secondary sexual characteristics in males. This means that the front tibia and tarsi of males can be dilated in various ways and may have special colors. Sometimes, only the tarsi are dilated.

Males can be identified by their legs, especially the front legs. Some females have unique markings that help with identification, but many females are harder to identify, and some may even be impossible to distinguish. [9]

Species by subgenus

Subgenus:Carposcalis Enderlein, 1938

Subgenus:Eocheilosia Hull, 1949 [20]

Subgenus:Pachysphyria Enderlein, 1938

Subgenus: Platycheirus Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 [1]

Subgenus: Pseudoplatychirus Doesburg, 1955

Subgenus: Pyrophaena Schiner, 1860 - often considered a full genus.

Platycheirus alphabetic list

Diagnostic keys

References

  1. 1 2 Le Peletier, Amédée Louis Michel, de Saint Fargeau; Serville, ean Guillaume Audinet (1828). In: Latreille, P. A., A. L. M. Lepeletier, J. G. A. Serville, & F. E. Guérin-Méneville. Entomologie, Ou Histoire Naturelle Des Crustacés, Des Arachnides Et Des Insectes. In: Encyclopédie methodique, Histoire naturelle. Vol. tome dixième. Paris: Agasse. Retrieved 10 July 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ Stubbs, Alan E. & Falk, Steven J. (1983). British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide. British Entomological and Natural History Society. pp. 253, xvpp.
  3. ↑ "Flower Flies". profils-profiles.science.gc.ca. 2020-08-15. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
  4. ↑ Fluke, Charles Lewis (1891). "The Melanostomini of the Neotropical region (Diptera, Syrphidae)" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (1271).
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Speight, M.C.D. (2011). "Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera)" (PDF). Syrph the Net, the Database of European Syrphidae. 65: 285pp.
  6. ↑ Vockeroth, J. R. (1990). "Revision of the Nearctic species of Platycheirus (Diptera, Syrphidae)". Canadian Entomologist. 122 (4): 659–766. doi:10.4039/Ent122659-7.
  7. ↑ Rotheray, G.E. (1993). "Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe" (PDF). Diperists Digest. 9: 155.
  8. ↑ Speight, M.C.D (2020). StN key for the identification of the genera of European Syrphidae (Diptera) 2020. Dublin: Syrph the Net Publications. p. 50.
  9. ↑ Young, Andrew D.; Marshall, Stephen A.; Skevington, Jeffrey H. (17 February 2016). "Revision of Platycheirus Lepeletier and Serville (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Nearctic north of Mexico". Zootaxa. 4082 (1): 34. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4082.1.1. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   27394216. Creative Commons by small.svg  This article incorporates textfrom this source, which is available under the CC BY 3.0 license.
  10. 1 2 Wakeham-Dawson, A.; Jones, A.G.; Thompson, F.C. (2009). "Falkland Islands Syrphidae (Diptera)". Dipterists Digest. Second series. 16 (1). UK: Dipterists Forum: 65–71. ISSN   0953-7260.
  11. ↑ Philippi, R. A. (1865). Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandl. (Abh.) Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fluke, Charles Lewis (1891). "The Melanostomini of the Neotropical region (Diptera, Syrphidae)" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (1271).
  13. 1 2 3 Shannon, R.C. & Aubertin, D. 1933. Syrphidae. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile 3: 120-170.
  14. 1 2 Revista chilena de entomología vol.4 (1951) https://archive.org/details/revistachilenade41955soci
  15. ↑ Wulp, F.M. van der 1888. Nieuwe Argentijnsche Diptera van wijien Prof. H. Veyenbergh. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 31: 359-376.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Vockeroth, J. R. (1992). The Flower Flies of the Subfamily Syrphinae of Canada, Alaska, and Greenland (Diptera: Syrphidae). Part 18. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada (PDF). Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Government Pub Centre. pp. 1–456.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 Young, Andrew D (2012). A revision of the Nearctic species of Platycheirus Lepeletier and Serville (Diptera: Syrphidae) (Master's thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
  18. 1 2 3 4 Enderlein, G. 1938. Die Dipterenfauna der Juan-Fernandez-Inseln und der Oster-Insel, pp. 643-680. In Skottsberg, K., (ed.), The Natural History of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island. Volume III. Zoology. 688 pp.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Curran, C.H. 1922. New species of Canadian Syrphidae (Diptera). Pt. I. The Canadian Entomologist 53[1921]: 275-276.
  20. ↑ Frederic Christian Thompson (2008). "A conspectus of New Zealand flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of a new genus and species" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1716: 1–20. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1716.1.1. ISSN   1175-5326. S2CID   86666538. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  21. 1 2 3 Chandler, Peter J. (1998). Checklists of Insects of the British Isles (New Series) Part 1: Diptera. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol. 12. Royal Entomological Society. p. 108.
  22. 1 2 3 Mutin, V.; Gilbert, F. & Gritzkevich, D. (2009). "The potential for using flower-visiting insects for assessing site quality: hoverfly visitors to the flowers of Caltha in the Far East region of Russia". Egyptian Journal of Biology. 11: 71–83. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
  23. 1 2 de Tiefenau, Pierre Goeldlin; Maibach, Alain; Speight, Martin C. D. (1990). "Sur quelques especes de Platycheirus (Diptera, Syrphidae) nouvelles ou maconnues". Dipterists Digest. First series (in French). 5 (1): 19–44.
  24. ↑ Barkalov, A. V. (2007). "A genus and a species of hover-flies, new for the Russian fauna (Diptera, Syrphidae)". Entomological Review. 87 (7): 930–933. Bibcode:2007EntRv..87..930B. doi:10.1134/S0013873807070172. S2CID   44571808.
  25. ↑ Ximo Mengual; Gunilla Ståls; Santos Rojo (2008). "First phylogeny of predatory flower flies (Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae) using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes: conflict and congruence with the current tribal classification" (PDF). Cladistics. 24 (4): 543–562. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00200.x. hdl: 10045/12249 . PMID   34879632. S2CID   85348839. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-04-09. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  26. ↑ Goot, & van der, V. S. (1969). Italian Syrphidae (Dipt.). Ent. Ber. Amst. Vockeroth
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Nielsen, T. R. (2004). "European species of the Platycheirus ambiquus group (Diptera, Syrphidae), with description of new species" (PDF). Volucella. 7: 1–30.
  28. 1 2 Coquillett, D.W. (1900). "Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. IX. Entomological results (3): Diptera". Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 2: 389–464.
  29. ↑ Fabricius, J.C. 1781 Species insectorum ... Vol. 2, 494 pp. C. E. Bohnii, Hamburgi et Kilonii
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  31. ↑ Nielsen, T.R. 2001. New and little known hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) from Tibet. Dipteron 4: 11-16.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ohara, Kenji (1980). "he genus Platycheirus Lepeletier and Serville, 1818 (Diptera, Syrphidae) of Japan, with description of three new species" (PDF). Esakia. 15: 97–142. doi:10.5109/2405.
  33. ↑ Zetterstedt, Johan Wilhelm (1843). Diptera Scandinaviæ disposita et descripta. Vol. 1. Lundæ, ex Officina Lundbergiana, sumtibus auctori.
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  42. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mutin, V.A; Barkalov, A.V (1999). Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. 6. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 1 (PDF). Valdivostok: Dal'nauka. pp. 342–500. ISBN   5-7442-0921-2.
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