Quiriquina Formation

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Quiriquina Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Maastrichtian
Type Geological formation
Unit of Arauco Group
Underlies Lebu Group
Overlies Granitic rocks
Lithology
Primary Sandstone
Other Conglomerate
Location
Coordinates 33°30′S71°42′W / 33.5°S 71.7°W / -33.5; -71.7
Approximate paleocoordinates 35°36′S59°12′W / 35.6°S 59.2°W / -35.6; -59.2
Region Bío Bío, Concepción & Valparaíso Regions
CountryChile
Extent Arauco Basin
Type section
Named for Quiriquina Island
Named byBiró-Bagóczky
Year defined1982
Relief Map of Chile.jpg
Lightgreen pog.svg
Quiriquina Formation (Chile)

The Quiriquina Formation is a geological formation in Chile whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. [1] The glauconitic sandstones and conglomerates of the formation were deposited in a marine environment. [2]

Contents

Paleofauna

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Reptiles

Birds

Birds reported from the Quiriquina Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Neogaeornis [3] [4] N. wetzeliBahía San VicenteTwo tarsometatarsi A diving bird, possibly a vegaviid

Mosasaurs

Mosasaurs reported from the Quiriquina Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
cf. Halisaurinae indet. [5] IndeterminateLoancoIsolated tooth (SGO.PV.6629)A halisaurine, another specimen formerly given the same classification has been reclassified as Halisaurus sp.
Halisaurus [5] [6] [7] H. sp.CocholgüeJaw elements (CPOC/Q/3105)Specimen formerly classified as cf. Plotosaurus sp. and cf. Halisaurinae indet.
Quiriquina Halisaurus sp. profile reconstruction.jpg
Mosasauridae indet. [5] [8] IndeterminateQuiriquina Island Dorsal vertebra (CPMC 18)A mosasaur, specimen is too fragmentary and eroded for more precise identification
IndeterminateAlgarrobo
  • Isolated tooth (SGO.PV.6570)
  • Three isolated tooth crowns (SGO.PV.6571)
Material resembles the teeth of a specimen now referred to Halisaurus sp. (CPOC/Q/3105)
Plotosaurus [6] [7] cf. P. sp.CocholgüeJaw elements (CPOC/Q/3105)Specimen reassigned to Halisaurus sp.
Tylosaurinae indet. [5] Indeterminate
  • Cocholgüe
  • Loanco
Two teeth (MPC 11000 & MPC 11001)A tylosaurine

Plesiosaurs

Plesiosaurs reported from the Quiriquina Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Aristonectes [9] [10] [11] [12] A. quiriquinensis
  • Cocholgüe
  • Las Tablas Bay
  • Partial skeleton (SGO.PV.957)
  • Postcranial skeleton of a juvenile (SGO.PV.260)
  • Complete femur (SGO.PV.135)
  • Partial humerus (SGO.PV.169)
  • Caudal vertebrae (SGO.PV.94)
An aristonectine, some specimens of this species were formerly reported as Aristonectinae indet. or Mauisaurus sp.
"Aristonectes" quiriquinensis profile reconstruction.jpg
Aristonectinae indet. [9] [10] IndeterminateLas Tablas BayPostcranial skeleton of a juvenile (SGO.PV.260)Specimen reassigned to Aristonectes quiriquinensis
Cimoliasaurus [4] [13] [14] C. andiumVertebrae and limb elementsAn elasmosaurid, species now deemed a nomen dubium
Elasmosauridae indet. [8] [14] IndeterminateAlgarrobo
  • 21 articulated vertebrae (SGO.PV.90)
  • 17 teeth (SGO.PV.6572)
An elasmosaurid
IndeterminateMariscadero Postcranial skeleton (SGO.PV.6506)May represent the same species as material referred to the dubious "Cimoliasaurus" andium
Quiriquina Elasmosaurid (indet.) profile reconstruction.jpg
Mauisaurus [12] [15] M. sp.Las Tablas BaySpecimens reassigned to Aristonectes quiriquinensis
Plesiosauria indet. [8] IndeterminateAlgarroboPartial left propodial (SGO.PV.6638)May represent a young individual
Pliosaurus [4] [13] P. chilensisVertebrae and limb elements (now lost)Species now deemed a nomen dubium , material actually represents an elasmosaurid and not a pliosaur
Wunyelfia [16] W. maulensis Pelluhue Partial skeleton (SGO.PV.6507)An aristonectine
Wunyelfia maulensis profile reconstruction.jpg

Turtles

Turtles reported from the Quiriquina Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Australobaena [17] [18] A. chilensisQuiriquinaSkull (SFMF R 4151)A baenid
Chelonioidea indet. [8] IndeterminateAlgarroboPartial left humerus (MPC.11001)A sea turtle
cf. Dermochelyidae indet. [8] IndeterminateAlgarroboAssociated ilium, scapula and pubis (SGO.PV.6573)A possible dermochelyid, though the feature used to diagnose it as such may also be present in some protostegids
Euclastes [19] E. sp.CocholgüeSkull (SGO.PV.6504)A pancheloniid
Euclastes sp.jpg
Testudines indet. [8] IndeterminateAlgarrobo
  • Neural plate (MPC.11003)
  • Peripheral plate (MPC.11002)
A turtle, specimens cannot be identified more precisely

Fish

Bony fish

Bony fish reported from the Quiriquina Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Belonostomus [4] [20] B. longirostrisAlgarroboAn aspidorhynchid
Enchodus [21] E. sp.Algarrobo
  • Abdominal centrum (SGO.PV.6825)
  • Dermopalatine with attached fang (SGO.PV.6820a)
  • Broken dermopalatine with attached broken fang (SGO.PV.6820b)
  • Incomplete right articular (SGO.PV.6824)
  • Two isolated fangs (SGO.PV.6519)
An aulopiform
Enchodus petrosus.png
Pachycormidae indet. [21] IndeterminateAlgarroboSix teeth (SGO.PV.6620)Specimens resemble the teeth of Protosphyraena but are much smaller
Pachyrhizodus [21] P. sp.AlgarroboThree isolated teeth (SGO.PV.6571)A crossognathiform
Pachyrhizodus.png

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish reported from the Quiriquina Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Biropristis [22] B. landbeckiAlgarroboOral teethA sawskate
Callorhynchus [4] C. sp.Dental platesA ratfish
Carcharias [4] C. sp.TeethA sand shark
Centrophoroides [4] C. sp.TeethA dogfish shark
Chimaera [4] C. sp.Dental platesA ratfish
Dasyatidae gen. et. sp. nov. [4] New speciesTeethAn unnamed species of stingray
Edaphodon [4] E. sp.Dental platesA ratfish
Ischyrhiza [4] [22] I. chilensisAlgarroboRostral teethA sawskate
Orectolobiformes gen. et. sp. nov. [4] New speciesTeethAn unnamed species of carpet shark
Paraorthacodus [4] P. sp.TeethA paraorthacodontid
Squatina [4] S. sp.TeethAn angelshark

Crustaceans

Crustaceans reported from the Quiriquina Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Anomura indet. [23] IndeterminateAlgarroboBroken dactylus tip (SGO.PI.6408)A possible hermit crab
Protocallianassa [23] [24] P. saetosa
  • Algarrobo
  • Loanco
Multiple specimensA callianassid

Molluscs

Bivalves

Bivalves reported from the Quiriquina Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Cardium [24] C. acuticostatumLoanco82 specimensA cockle

Cephalopods

Cephalopods reported from the Quiriquina Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Anagaudryceras [25] A. politissimum
  • Las Tablas
  • Colchogüe
  • Tomé
Five specimensA gaudryceratid ammonite
A. subtilineatum
  • Colchogüe
  • Tomé
  • Lirquén
Three juvenile specimensA gaudryceratid ammonite
Baculites [25] B. anceps
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Lirquén
  • San Vicente
  • Santa Sabina
  • Tomé
40 specimensA baculitid ammonite
B. huenickeni
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • San Vicente
  • Santa Sabina
32 specimensA baculitid ammonite
Diplomoceras [24] [25] D. cylindraceum
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Loanco
  • San Vicente
Seven specimensA diplomoceratid ammonite
Gaudryceras [25] G. kayei
  • Colchogüe
  • San Vicente
  • Las Tablas
  • Lirquén
  • Tomé
Six specimensA gaudryceratid ammonite
Eubaculites [24] [25] E. carinatus
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Laguna Lo Méndez
  • Lirquén
  • Loanco
56 specimensA baculitid ammonite
Grossouvrites [24] [25] G. gemmatus
  • Las Tablas
  • Loanco
  • San Vicente
Nine specimensA kossmaticeratid ammonite
G. joharae
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Loanco
Six specimensA kossmaticeratid ammonite
Gunnarites [25] G. cf. bhavaniformisSan VicenteTwo fragmentsA kossmaticeratid ammonite
Hoploscaphites [25] H. constrictus quiriquiniensis
  • Colchogüe
  • Dichato
51 specimensA scaphitid ammonite
Hypophylloceras [25] H. (Neophylloceras) hetonaiense
  • Las Tablas
  • Colchogüe
  • Tomé
  • Lirquén
20 specimensA phylloceratid ammonite
H. (Neophylloceras) inflatum
  • Las Tablas
  • Tomé
Seven specimensA phylloceratid ammonite
H. (Neophylloceras) ramosum
  • Las Tablas
  • Los Viejos
  • Colchogüe
  • Tomé
17 specimensA phylloceratid ammonite
H. (Neophylloceras) surya
  • Las Tablas
  • Colchogüe
Three specimensA phylloceratid ammonite
Kitchinites [25] K. darwini
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Santa Sabina
30 specimensA desmoceratid ammonite
K. ifrimaeColchogüeFour specimensA desmoceratid ammonite
K. vicentensisSan VicenteFour specimensA desmoceratid ammonite
Kossmaticeras [25] K. (Natalites) erbeni
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • San Vicente
  • Tomé
Nine specimensA kossmaticeratid ammonite
Maorites [25] M. densicostatus
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
Six specimensA kossmaticeratid ammonite
Menuites [25] [26] M. gerardoiSan VicenteSeven specimensA pachydiscid ammonite
M. fresvillensis
  • Las Tablas
  • San Vicente
Eight specimensA pachydiscid ammonite
Naefia [27] N. neogaeiaQuiriquina IslandShellA groenlandibelid
Pachydiscus [25] P. (Pachydiscus) gutierrezi
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Lirquén
  • Puente Perales
14 specimensA pachydiscid ammonite
P. (Pachydiscus) jacquoti chilensis
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
Three specimensA pachydiscid ammonite
Phyllopachyceras [25] P. forbesianumLas TablasOne specimenA phylloceratid ammonite
Phylloptychoceras [25] P. sp.ToméFive fragmentsA diplomoceratid ammonite
Pseudophyllites [24] [25] P. indra
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Loanco
Five specimenA tetragonitid ammonite
Trachybaculites [25] T. vicenteiSan VicenteOne specimenA baculitid ammonite
Zelandites [25] Z. varuna
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Los Viejos
  • Lirquén
  • Tomé
11 specimensA gaudryceratid ammonite

Gastropods

Gastropods reported from the Quiriquina Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Anisomyon [28] A. patelliformisA siphonariid
Austrosphaera [28] A. difficilisA buccinoid
Avellana [28] A. (Eriptycha) chilensisA ringiculid
Brunonia [28] B. sp.A carinariid
Calyptraea [28] C. (Trochita) laevisA calyptraeid
Concepcionella [28] C. bonillana
Crenilabium [28] C. (Nonacteonina) chilensisAn acteonid
C. (Eacteon) valdovinosensisQuiriquina IslandAn acteonid
Gyrodes [28] G. (Dockeryella) euryomphalusA naticid
Petropoma [28] P. biroensisQuiriquina IslandA colloniid
Polinices [28] P. (Polinella) ganaeA naticid
Pyrifusus [28] P. (Deussenia) giganteaQuiriquina IslandA pholidotomid
Pyropsis [28] P. (Chilenopsis) quinzioensisQuiriquina IslandA pyropsid
Tegula [28] T. ovalleiNumerous specimens, very commonA tegulid
Tephlon [28] T. tummidusA pugnellid
Trochifusus [28] T. hombronianaA pyropsid

See also

References

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  2. Cocholgüe village, sea coast at Fossilworks.org
  3. Olson, Storrs (1991). "Neogaeornis wetzeli Lambrecht, a Cretaceous loon from Chile (Aves: Gaviidae)" . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 12 (1): 122–124. doi:10.1080/02724634.1992.10011438. S2CID   4807730.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Suarez, Mario E.; Quinzio, L.A.; Fritis, Omar; Bonilla, Ramiro (2003). "Aportes al conocimiento de los vertebrados marinos de la Formación Quiriquina". 10°Congreso Geológico Chileno 2003 (in Spanish).
  5. 1 2 3 4 Jiménez-Huidobro, Paulina; Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Suárez, Mario E. (2015). "Mosasaurios (Squamata: Mosasauroidea) del Cretácico Superior de Chile". Publicación Ocasional del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile (in Spanish): 99–111. ISSN   0716-0224.
  6. 1 2 Frey, Eberhard; Mulder, Eric W. A.; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; Salazar, Christian; Héctor Quinzio-Sinn, Luis Arturo (2016-06-01). "A mosasaur, cf. Plotosaurus, from the upper Maastrichtian Quiriquina Formation in Central Chile" . Cretaceous Research. 61: 17–25. Bibcode:2016CrRes..61...17F. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.12.006. ISSN   0195-6671.
  7. 1 2 Jiménez-Huidobro, Paulina; Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Caldwell, Michael W. (2019-11-01). "Reassessment of cf. Plotosaurus from the upper Maastrichtian of Chile, with comments on the South American distribution of halisaurine mosasaurs" . Cretaceous Research. 103 104162. Bibcode:2019CrRes.10304162J. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.06.008. ISSN   0195-6671.
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  14. 1 2 Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Vargas, Alexander O.; Rubilar-Rogers, David (2014). "A new postcranial skeleton of an elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of central Chile and reassessment of Cimoliasaurus andium Deecke". Cretaceous Research. 50: 318–331. Bibcode:2014CrRes..50..318O. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.05.008.
  15. Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Rubilar-Rogers, David (2010). "Presence of the elasmosaurid plesiosaur Mauisaurus in the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of central Chile". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 55 (2): 361–364.
  16. Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio (2021-02-01). "Wunyelfia maulensis gen. et sp. nov., a new basal aristonectine (Plesiosauria, Elasmosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of central Chile" . Cretaceous Research. 118 104651. Bibcode:2021CrRes.11804651O. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104651. ISSN   0195-6671.
  17. Karl, Hans-Volker; Tichy, Gottfried (2002). "Australobaena chilensis n. gen. n. sp., and the homology of secondary palatines in turtles (Anapsida: Testudines)". Stvdia Geologica Salamanticensia. 38: 11–19.
  18. Karl, Hans-Volker; Safi, Amtyaz; Tichy, Gottfried (2024-12-23). "Cranial anatomy and holotype reconstruction of the Late Cretaceous turtle, Australobaena chilensis from the Quiriquina Formation, Chile" . Mesozoic. 1 (4): 474–482. doi: 10.11646/mesozoic.1.4.5 . ISSN   3021-1867.
  19. Parham, James F.; Otero, Rodrigo A.; Suárez, Mario E. (2014-05-01). "A sea turtle skull from the Cretaceous of Chile with comments on the taxonomy and biogeography of Euclastes (formerly Osteopygis)" . Cretaceous Research. 49: 181–189. Bibcode:2014CrRes..49..181P. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.03.004. ISSN   0195-6671.
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  22. 1 2 Suárez, Mario E.; Cappetta, Henri (2004). "Sclerorhynchid teeth (Neoselachii, Sclerorhynchidae) from the Late Cretaceous of the Quiriquina Formation, central Chile". Revista geológica de Chile. 31 (1). doi:10.4067/S0716-02082004000100005. ISSN   0716-0208.
  23. 1 2 Encinas, A.; Suárez, M.; Schweitzer, C. E.; Feldmann, R. M. (2006-01-01). "New Cretaceous and Eocene Callianassoidea (Thalassinidea, Decapoda) from Algarrobo, Chile". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 26 (1): 73–81. Bibcode:2006JCBio..26...73E. doi:10.1651/C-2603.1. hdl: 10533/177295 . ISSN   0278-0372.
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  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Salazar, Christian; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; Quinzio-Sinn, Luis Arturo (2010-08-01). "Ammonites from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) Quiriquina Formation in central Chile". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 257 (2): 181–236. Bibcode:2010NJGPA.257..181S. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0072. ISSN   0077-7749.
  26. Salazar, Christian (2013). "The largest Menuites fresvillensis (Seunes, 1890) (Ammonoidea, Pachydiscidae) from the Maastrichtian Quiriquina Formation, Chile". Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile. 62 (3): 31–40.
  27. Bandel, Klaus; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang (2006). "Naefia Wetzel 1930 from the Quiriquina formation (Late Maastrichtian, Chile) : Relationship to modern Spirula and ancient coleoidea (Cephalopoda)". Acta Universitatis Carolinae - Geologica. 49 (1): 21–32.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Bandel, K.; Stinnesbeck, W. (2000). "Gastropods of the Quiriquina Formation (Maastrichtian) in Central Chile: Paleobiogeographic relationships and the description of a few new taxa". Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I: 757–788. S2CID   91132446.

Further reading