Quiriquina Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Late Maastrichtian | |
Type | Geological formation |
Unit of | Arauco Group |
Underlies | Lebu Group |
Overlies | Granitic rocks |
Lithology | |
Primary | Sandstone |
Other | Conglomerate |
Location | |
Coordinates | 33°30′S71°42′W / 33.5°S 71.7°W |
Approximate paleocoordinates | 35°36′S59°12′W / 35.6°S 59.2°W |
Region | Bío Bío, Concepción & Valparaíso Regions |
Country | Chile |
Extent | Arauco Basin |
Type section | |
Named for | Quiriquina Island |
Named by | Biró-Bagóczky |
Year defined | 1982 |
The Quiriquina Formation is a geological formation in Chile whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. [1] The glauconitic sandstones and conglomerates of the formation were deposited in a marine environment. [2]
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Birds reported from the Quiriquina Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Neogaeornis [3] [4] | N. wetzeli | Bahía San Vicente | Two tarsometatarsi | A diving bird, possibly a vegaviid | |
Mosasaurs reported from the Quiriquina Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
cf. Halisaurinae indet. [5] | Indeterminate | Loanco | Isolated tooth (SGO.PV.6629) | A halisaurine, another specimen formerly given the same classification has been reclassified as Halisaurus sp. | |
Halisaurus [5] [6] [7] | H. sp. | Cocholgüe | Jaw elements (CPOC/Q/3105) | Specimen formerly classified as cf. Plotosaurus sp. and cf. Halisaurinae indet. | ![]() |
Mosasauridae indet. [5] [8] | Indeterminate | Quiriquina Island | Dorsal vertebra (CPMC 18) | A mosasaur, specimen is too fragmentary and eroded for more precise identification | |
Indeterminate | Algarrobo |
| Material resembles the teeth of a specimen now referred to Halisaurus sp. (CPOC/Q/3105) | ||
Plotosaurus [6] [7] | cf. P. sp. | Cocholgüe | Jaw elements (CPOC/Q/3105) | Specimen reassigned to Halisaurus sp. | |
Tylosaurinae indet. [5] | Indeterminate |
| Two teeth (MPC 11000 & MPC 11001) | A tylosaurine | |
Plesiosaurs reported from the Quiriquina Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Aristonectes [9] [10] [11] [12] | A. quiriquinensis |
|
| An aristonectine, some specimens of this species were formerly reported as Aristonectinae indet. or Mauisaurus sp. | ![]() |
Aristonectinae indet. [9] [10] | Indeterminate | Las Tablas Bay | Postcranial skeleton of a juvenile (SGO.PV.260) | Specimen reassigned to Aristonectes quiriquinensis | |
Cimoliasaurus [4] [13] [14] | C. andium | Vertebrae and limb elements | An elasmosaurid, species now deemed a nomen dubium | ||
Elasmosauridae indet. [8] [14] | Indeterminate | Algarrobo |
| An elasmosaurid | |
Indeterminate | Mariscadero | Postcranial skeleton (SGO.PV.6506) | May represent the same species as material referred to the dubious "Cimoliasaurus" andium | ![]() | |
Mauisaurus [12] [15] | M. sp. | Las Tablas Bay | Specimens reassigned to Aristonectes quiriquinensis | ||
Plesiosauria indet. [8] | Indeterminate | Algarrobo | Partial left propodial (SGO.PV.6638) | May represent a young individual | |
Pliosaurus [4] [13] | P. chilensis | Vertebrae and limb elements (now lost) | Species now deemed a nomen dubium , material actually represents an elasmosaurid and not a pliosaur | ||
Wunyelfia [16] | W. maulensis | Pelluhue | Partial skeleton (SGO.PV.6507) | An aristonectine | ![]() |
Turtles reported from the Quiriquina Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Australobaena [17] [18] | A. chilensis | Quiriquina | Skull (SFMF R 4151) | A baenid | |
Chelonioidea indet. [8] | Indeterminate | Algarrobo | Partial left humerus (MPC.11001) | A sea turtle | |
cf. Dermochelyidae indet. [8] | Indeterminate | Algarrobo | Associated ilium, scapula and pubis (SGO.PV.6573) | A possible dermochelyid, though the feature used to diagnose it as such may also be present in some protostegids | |
Euclastes [19] | E. sp. | Cocholgüe | Skull (SGO.PV.6504) | A pancheloniid | ![]() |
Testudines indet. [8] | Indeterminate | Algarrobo |
| A turtle, specimens cannot be identified more precisely | |
Bony fish reported from the Quiriquina Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Belonostomus [4] [20] | B. longirostris | Algarrobo |
| An aspidorhynchid | |
Enchodus [21] | E. sp. | Algarrobo |
| An aulopiform | ![]() |
Pachycormidae indet. [21] | Indeterminate | Algarrobo | Six teeth (SGO.PV.6620) | Specimens resemble the teeth of Protosphyraena but are much smaller | |
Pachyrhizodus [21] | P. sp. | Algarrobo | Three isolated teeth (SGO.PV.6571) | A crossognathiform | ![]() |
Cartilaginous fish reported from the Quiriquina Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Biropristis [22] | B. landbecki | Algarrobo | Oral teeth | A sawskate | |
Callorhynchus [4] | C. sp. | Dental plates | A ratfish | ||
Carcharias [4] | C. sp. | Teeth | A sand shark | ||
Centrophoroides [4] | C. sp. | Teeth | A dogfish shark | ||
Chimaera [4] | C. sp. | Dental plates | A ratfish | ||
Dasyatidae gen. et. sp. nov. [4] | New species | Teeth | An unnamed species of stingray | ||
Edaphodon [4] | E. sp. | Dental plates | A ratfish | ||
Ischyrhiza [4] [22] | I. chilensis | Algarrobo | Rostral teeth | A sawskate | |
Orectolobiformes gen. et. sp. nov. [4] | New species | Teeth | An unnamed species of carpet shark | ||
Paraorthacodus [4] | P. sp. | Teeth | A paraorthacodontid | ||
Squatina [4] | S. sp. | Teeth | An angelshark | ||
Crustaceans reported from the Quiriquina Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Anomura indet. [23] | Indeterminate | Algarrobo | Broken dactylus tip (SGO.PI.6408) | A possible hermit crab | |
Protocallianassa [23] [24] | P. saetosa |
| Multiple specimens | A callianassid | |
Bivalves reported from the Quiriquina Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Cardium [24] | C. acuticostatum | Loanco | 82 specimens | A cockle | |
Cephalopods reported from the Quiriquina Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Anagaudryceras [25] | A. politissimum |
| Five specimens | A gaudryceratid ammonite | |
A. subtilineatum |
| Three juvenile specimens | A gaudryceratid ammonite | ||
Baculites [25] | B. anceps |
| 40 specimens | A baculitid ammonite | |
B. huenickeni |
| 32 specimens | A baculitid ammonite | ||
Diplomoceras [24] [25] | D. cylindraceum |
| Seven specimens | A diplomoceratid ammonite | |
Gaudryceras [25] | G. kayei |
| Six specimens | A gaudryceratid ammonite | |
Eubaculites [24] [25] | E. carinatus |
| 56 specimens | A baculitid ammonite | |
Grossouvrites [24] [25] | G. gemmatus |
| Nine specimens | A kossmaticeratid ammonite | |
G. joharae |
| Six specimens | A kossmaticeratid ammonite | ||
Gunnarites [25] | G. cf. bhavaniformis | San Vicente | Two fragments | A kossmaticeratid ammonite | |
Hoploscaphites [25] | H. constrictus quiriquiniensis |
| 51 specimens | A scaphitid ammonite | |
Hypophylloceras [25] | H. (Neophylloceras) hetonaiense |
| 20 specimens | A phylloceratid ammonite | |
H. (Neophylloceras) inflatum |
| Seven specimens | A phylloceratid ammonite | ||
H. (Neophylloceras) ramosum |
| 17 specimens | A phylloceratid ammonite | ||
H. (Neophylloceras) surya |
| Three specimens | A phylloceratid ammonite | ||
Kitchinites [25] | K. darwini |
| 30 specimens | A desmoceratid ammonite | |
K. ifrimae | Colchogüe | Four specimens | A desmoceratid ammonite | ||
K. vicentensis | San Vicente | Four specimens | A desmoceratid ammonite | ||
Kossmaticeras [25] | K. (Natalites) erbeni |
| Nine specimens | A kossmaticeratid ammonite | |
Maorites [25] | M. densicostatus |
| Six specimens | A kossmaticeratid ammonite | |
Menuites [25] [26] | M. gerardoi | San Vicente | Seven specimens | A pachydiscid ammonite | |
M. fresvillensis |
| Eight specimens | A pachydiscid ammonite | ||
Naefia [27] | N. neogaeia | Quiriquina Island | Shell | A groenlandibelid | |
Pachydiscus [25] | P. (Pachydiscus) gutierrezi |
| 14 specimens | A pachydiscid ammonite | |
P. (Pachydiscus) jacquoti chilensis |
| Three specimens | A pachydiscid ammonite | ||
Phyllopachyceras [25] | P. forbesianum | Las Tablas | One specimen | A phylloceratid ammonite | |
Phylloptychoceras [25] | P. sp. | Tomé | Five fragments | A diplomoceratid ammonite | |
Pseudophyllites [24] [25] | P. indra |
| Five specimen | A tetragonitid ammonite | |
Trachybaculites [25] | T. vicentei | San Vicente | One specimen | A baculitid ammonite | |
Zelandites [25] | Z. varuna |
| 11 specimens | A gaudryceratid ammonite | |
Gastropods reported from the Quiriquina Formation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Anisomyon [28] | A. patelliformis | A siphonariid | |||
Austrosphaera [28] | A. difficilis | A buccinoid | |||
Avellana [28] | A. (Eriptycha) chilensis | A ringiculid | |||
Brunonia [28] | B. sp. | A carinariid | |||
Calyptraea [28] | C. (Trochita) laevis | A calyptraeid | |||
Concepcionella [28] | C. bonillana | ||||
Crenilabium [28] | C. (Nonacteonina) chilensis | An acteonid | |||
C. (Eacteon) valdovinosensis | Quiriquina Island | An acteonid | |||
Gyrodes [28] | G. (Dockeryella) euryomphalus | A naticid | |||
Petropoma [28] | P. biroensis | Quiriquina Island | A colloniid | ||
Polinices [28] | P. (Polinella) ganae | A naticid | |||
Pyrifusus [28] | P. (Deussenia) gigantea | Quiriquina Island | A pholidotomid | ||
Pyropsis [28] | P. (Chilenopsis) quinzioensis | Quiriquina Island | A pyropsid | ||
Tegula [28] | T. ovallei | Numerous specimens, very common | A tegulid | ||
Tephlon [28] | T. tummidus | A pugnellid | |||
Trochifusus [28] | T. hombroniana | A pyropsid |