Religious affiliation in the United States Senate

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The religious affiliation in the United States Senate reflects the variety of religion in the United States, despite not being in line with the religious affiliation of the general population.

Contents

While the religious preference of elected officials is by no means an indication of their allegiance nor necessarily reflective of their voting record, the religious affiliation of prominent members of all three branches of government is a source of commentary and discussion among the media and public. The topic is also of interest to religious groups and the general public who may appeal to senators of their denomination on religious or moral issues facing the United States Senate.

This list reports the religious affiliation of the members of the United States Senate in the 118th United States Congress. In most cases, in addition to specific sources, the senators' religious affiliations are those mentioned by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life at the Pew Research Center, which publishes a report at the beginning of each Congress. [1] [2]

Christians (85)

Protestants (56)

Presbyterians (12)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
John Barrasso official portrait 112th Congress (cropped).jpg John Barrasso Republican Wyoming Presbyterian [3] [4] Denomination: PCUSA; former Catholic.
Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) official headshot - 116th Congress (cropped).jpg Marsha Blackburn Republican Tennessee Presbyterian [5] Denomination: PCA.
Shelley Moore Capito official Senate photo (cropped).jpg Shelley Moore Capito Republican West Virginia Presbyterian [6] Denomination: PCUSA.
Tom Carper, official portrait, 112th Congress (cropped).jpg Tom Carper Democrat Delaware Presbyterian [7] [8] Denomination: PCUSA.
Chris Coons, official portrait, 112th Congress (cropped).jpg Chris Coons Democrat Delaware Presbyterian [9] [10] Denomination: PCUSA; [11] [12] attends a Catholic church. [13]
Steve Daines, Official Portrait, 116th Congress (cropped).jpg Steve Daines Republican Montana Presbyterian [14] Denomination: EPC. [15] [16]
Deb Fischer, official portrait, 115th Congress (cropped).jpg Deb Fischer Republican Nebraska Presbyterian [17] [18]
Josh Hawley, official portrait, 116th congress.jpg Josh Hawley Republican Missouri Presbyterian [19] Denomination: EPC; [20] raised as a Methodist. [21]
Andy Kim Senate official portrait.jpg Andy Kim Democrat New Jersey Presbyterian [22]
Rand Paul, official portrait, 112th Congress alternate (cropped).jpg Rand Paul Republican Kentucky Presbyterian [23] [24] Denomination: PCUSA; [25] raised as an Episcopalian. [26] [27]
Tina Smith, official portrait, 116th congress (cropped).jpg Tina Smith Democrat Minnesota Presbyterian [2] Swore by an old Heilige Bibel, a family Bible. [28]
Mark Warner 113th Congress photo (cropped).jpg Mark Warner Democrat Virginia Presbyterian [29] [30]

Baptists (10)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Cory Booker, official portrait, 114th Congress.jpg Cory Booker Democrat New Jersey Baptist [31] Denomination: NBC; [32] raised as a Methodist. [33]
Senator John Boozman Official Portrait (115th Congress) (cropped).jpg John Boozman Republican Arkansas Baptist [34] [35] Denomination: SBC.
Ted Cruz official 116th portrait (cropped).jpg Ted Cruz Republican Texas Baptist [36] [37] Denomination: SBC.
U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham, Official Photo, 113th Congress (cropped).jpg Lindsey Graham Republican South Carolina Baptist [38] [39] Denomination: SBC.
Chuck Grassley official photo 2017.jpg Chuck Grassley Republican Iowa Baptist [40] [41] Denomination: BGC; attends a non-denominational church. [42]
Official headshot of US Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith (cropped).jpg Cindy Hyde-Smith Republican Mississippi Baptist [43] Denomination: SBC.
James Lankford official Senate photo (cropped).jpg James Lankford Republican Oklahoma Baptist [44] [45] Denomination: SBC; former student ministries and evangelism specialist for the BGCO.
Mitch McConnell 2016 official photo (cropped).jpg Mitch McConnell Republican Kentucky Baptist [46] [47] Denomination: SBC.
Raphael Warnock official photo (cropped).jpg Raphael Warnock Democrat Georgia BaptistFormer associated pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church, affiliated to NBC;
senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, affiliated to PNBC and ABC.
Roger F. Wicker crop.jpg Roger Wicker Republican Mississippi Baptist [48] [49] Denomination: SBC.

Methodists (6)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Katie Britt (cropped).jpg Katie Britt Republican Alabama Methodist [50] Denomination: UMC. [50]
Tom Cotton official Senate photo (cropped).jpg Tom Cotton Republican Arkansas Methodist [51] Denomination: UMC. [52]
John Neely Kennedy, official portrait, 115th Congress 2.jpg John Kennedy Republican Louisiana Methodist [53] Denomination: UMC. [53]
Jerry Moran, official portrait, 112th Congress (cropped).jpg Jerry Moran Republican Kansas Methodist [54] [55] Attends a Presbyterian church. [56]
Debbie Stabenow, official photo, 116th Congress (cropped).jpg Debbie Stabenow Democrat Michigan Methodist [57] [58] Denomination: UMC. [59]
Elizabeth Warren--2016 Official Portrait--(cropped).jpg Elizabeth Warren Democrat Massachusetts Methodist [60] [61] Denomination: UMC; [62] attends various churches. [63]

Lutherans (6)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Sherrod Brown 117th Congress (1) (cropped).jpg Sherrod Brown Democrat Ohio Lutheran [64] [65] [66] Denomination: ELCA.
Joni Ernst, official portrait, 116th Congress 3 (cropped).jpg Joni Ernst Republican Iowa Lutheran [64] Denomination: ELCA.
Heinrich Official Headshot 2019 (cropped).jpg Martin Heinrich Democrat New Mexico Lutheran [64] [67] [68] Denomination: ELCA.
Ron Johnson portrait 117th Congress (cropped).jpg Ron Johnson Republican Wisconsin Lutheran [64] [69] [70] Denomination: WELS.
Cynthia Lummis U.S. Senator (cropped).jpg Cynthia Lummis Republican Wyoming Lutheran [64] [71] Denomination: LCMS.
Jeff Merkley, 115th official photo (cropped).jpg Jeff Merkley Democrat Oregon Lutheran [64] [72] [73] Denomination: ELCA.

Episcopalians (5)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Sen. Bill Hagerty official Senate portrait, 117th Congress (cropped).jpg Bill Hagerty Republican Tennessee Episcopalian [2]
Angus King, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped).jpg Angus King Independent
(caucusing with Democrats)		 Maine Episcopalian [74] [75] [76]
Gary Peters official photo 115th congress (cropped).jpg Gary Peters Democrat Michigan Episcopalian [74] [77] [78]
Chris Van Hollen official portrait 115th Congress (cropped).jpg Chris Van Hollen Democrat Maryland Episcopalian [74] [79]
Sheldon Whitehouse, official portrait, 116th congress (cropped).jpg Sheldon Whitehouse Democrat Rhode Island Episcopalian [74] [80] [81]

Non-denominational Evangelicals (5)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Senator Ted Budd official portrait (cropped 2).jpg Ted Budd Republican North Carolina Non-denominational Evangelical [82]
Bill Cassidy official Senate photo (cropped).jpg Bill Cassidy Republican Louisiana Non-denominational Evangelical [83]
Official Portrait of Senator Rick Scott (cropped).jpg Rick Scott Republican Florida Non-denominational Evangelical [84] Former Presbyterian. [84]
Tim Scott, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped).jpg Tim Scott Republican South Carolina Non-denominational Evangelical [85] [86]
John Thune 117th Congress portrait (cropped).jpg John Thune Republican South Dakota Non-denominational Evangelical [87] [88]

Restorationists (3)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
John Cornyn official senate portrait (cropped).jpg John Cornyn Republican Texas Restorationist [89] [90] Denomination: Churches of Christ.
Roger Marshall 117th Congress portrait (cropped).jpg Roger Marshall Republican Kansas RestorationistDenomination: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). [91] [92]
Tommy Tuberville, official portrait, 118th Congress (cropped).jpg Tommy Tuberville Republican Alabama Restorationist [93] Denomination: Churches of Christ.

Congregationalists (2)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Maggie Hassan, official portrait, 115th Congress (cropped).jpg Maggie Hassan Democrat New Hampshire Congregationalist Denomination: UCC.
Amy Klobuchar, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped closein3x4).jpg Amy Klobuchar Democrat Minnesota Congregationalist [94] [95] Denomination: UCC.

Pentecostals (2)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Kevin Cramer, official portrait, 116th congress (cropped).jpg Kevin Cramer Republican North Dakota PentecostalDenomination: ICFG; [96] former Lutheran.
Markwayne Mullin official Senate photo (cropped).jpg Markwayne Mullin Republican Oklahoma Pentecostal [97] Denomination: Assemblies of God. [98]

Wesleyan-Holiness Evangelicals (1)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
JonTester (cropped).jpg Jon Tester Democrat Montana Wesleyan-Holiness Evangelical [99] Denomination: Church of God (Anderson, Indiana).

Quakers (1)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
John Hickenlooper, official portrait, 117th Congress (cropped).jpeg John Hickenlooper Democrat Colorado Quaker [100] "Raised on the periphery of the Episcopal Church", [101]
but misidentified as an Episcopalian in the Pew Report. [2]

Unspecified Protestants (3)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Chris Murphy, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped).jpg Chris Murphy Democrat Connecticut Protestant [102] [103] Raised as a Congregationalist. [104]
Shaheen Senate Portrait (cropped).jpg Jeanne Shaheen Democrat New Hampshire Protestant [105] [106]
Sen. Todd Young official photo (cropped).jpg Todd Young Republican Indiana Protestant [2]

Catholics (26)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Mike Braun, Official Portrait, 116th Congress (cropped).jpg Mike Braun Republican Indiana Catholic [107]
Maria Cantwell (cropped).jpg Maria Cantwell Democrat Washington Catholic [108] [109]
Bob Casey Jr. official photo (cropped).jpg Bob Casey Democrat Pennsylvania Catholic [110] [111]
Senator Susan Collins 2022 official portrait (cropped).jpg Susan Collins Republican Maine Catholic [112] [113]
Catherine Cortez Masto portrait red (cropped).jpg Catherine Cortez Masto Democrat Nevada Catholic [114] [115] [116]
Dick Durbin 2022 official portrait (tight crop).jpg Dick Durbin Democrat Illinois Catholic [117] [118]
Kirsten Gillibrand, official photo, 116th Congress (cropped).jpg Kirsten Gillibrand Democrat New York Catholic [119] [120]
Hoeven Official Portrait 2014 (cropped).JPG John Hoeven Republican North Dakota Catholic [121] [122]
Tim Kaine 116th official portrait (cropped).jpg Tim Kaine Democrat Virginia Catholic [123] [124]
Mark Kelly, Official Portrait 117th (cropped).jpg Mark Kelly Democrat Arizona Catholic [2] His wife, former Rep. Gabby Giffords, is Jewish.
Ben Ray Lujan, 117th Congress portrait 2 (cropped).jpg Ben Ray Luján Democrat New Mexico Catholic [2]
Senator Manchin (cropped).jpg Joe Manchin Democrat West Virginia Catholic [120] [125]
Edward Markey, official portrait, 114th Congress (cropped).jpg Ed Markey Democrat Massachusetts Catholic [126] [127]
Lisa Murkowski official photo (cropped).jpg Lisa Murkowski Republican Alaska Catholic [128] [129]
Patty Murray, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped).jpg Patty Murray Democrat Washington Catholic [130] [131]
Alex Padilla 117th Congress portrait (cropped).jpg Alex Padilla Democrat California Catholic [132]
Senator Jack Reed official photo (cropped).jpg Jack Reed Democrat Rhode Island Catholic [133] [134]
Sen. Pete Ricketts official portrait, 118th Congress (cropped).jpg Pete Ricketts Republican Nebraska Catholic [135]
Jim Risch official portrait (cropped).jpg Jim Risch Republican Idaho Catholic [136] [137]
Mike Rounds official Senate portrait (cropped).jpg Mike Rounds Republican South Dakota Catholic [138] [139]
Senator Rubio official portrait (cropped).jpg Marco Rubio Republican Florida Catholic [140] [141] Former Latter-day Saint. [142]
Sen. Eric Schmitt, official portrait, 118th Congress (cropped 2).jpg Eric Schmitt Republican Missouri Catholic [143]
Senator Dan Sullivan official (cropped).jpg Dan Sullivan Republican Alaska Catholic [144]
Sen. Thom Tillis official photo (cropped).jpg Thom Tillis Republican North Carolina Catholic [145]
Senator Vance official portrait. 118th Congress (cropped).jpg JD Vance Republican Ohio Catholic [146] [147] Former non-denominational Evangelical.
Peter Welch official Senate photo.jpg Peter Welch Democrat Vermont Catholic [148]

Latter-day Saints (3)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Mike Crapo 2019 (cropped).jpg Mike Crapo Republican Idaho Latter-day Saint [149] [150]
Mike Lee, official portrait (cropped).jpg Mike Lee Republican Utah Latter-day Saint [151] [152]
Mitt Romney official US Senate portrait (cropped).jpg Mitt Romney Republican Utah Latter-day Saint [153] [154]

Jewish (9)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Richard Blumenthal Official Portrait (cropped).jpg Richard Blumenthal Democrat Connecticut Jewish [155] [156]
Jon Ossoff Senate Portrait 2021 (cropped).jpg Jon Ossoff Democrat Georgia Jewish [157]
Ben Cardin official Senate portrait (cropped).jpg Ben Cardin Democrat Maryland Jewish [158] [159]
Bernie Sanders (cropped).jpg Bernie Sanders Independent
(caucusing with Democrats)		 Vermont Jewish [160] [161] Non-practicing.
Adam Schiff official portrait (3x4 cropped).jpg Adam Schiff Democrat California Jewish [162]
Jacky Rosen, official portrait, 116th congress (cropped-1).jpg Jacky Rosen Democrat Nevada Jewish [163] [164]
Brian Schatz, official portrait, 113th Congress 2 (cropped).jpg Brian Schatz Democrat Hawaii Jewish [165] [166]
Chuck Schumer official photo (cropped).jpg Chuck Schumer Democrat New York Jewish [167] [168]
Ron Wyden 117th Congress (cropped).jpeg Ron Wyden Democrat Oregon Jewish [169] [170]

Buddhists (1)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Mazie Hirono, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped).jpg Mazie Hirono Democrat Hawaii Buddhist [171] [172] School: Jōdo Shinshū; non-practicing.

Unknown or refused to specify (4)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Tammy Baldwin, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped).jpg Tammy Baldwin Democrat Wisconsin Unknown or refused to specify [2] [173] [174] Baptized as an Episcopalian. [175]
Michael Bennet Official Photo (cropped).jpg Michael Bennet Democrat Colorado Unknown or refused to specify [2] [176] [177] Raised in both Jewish and Christian traditions. [178]
Tammy Duckworth 115th official portrait (cropped).jpg Tammy Duckworth Democrat Illinois Unknown or refused to specify [2] Sometimes acknowledged as Deist. [179]
John Fetterman official portrait (3x4).jpg John Fetterman Democrat Pennsylvania Unknown or refused to specify

Unaffiliated (1)

SenatorPartyStateReligionNotes
Sinema Dec 2023.jpg Kyrsten Sinema Independent Arizona UnaffiliatedRaised as a Latter-day Saint. [180]

Comparison with general population

In conjunction with figures derived from the Pew Research Center's 2021 "survey of the religious composition of the United States", [181] the most basic breakdown of the above data indicates that 85% of the Senate identify as Christian (compared with 63% of the population), 8% identify as Jewish (compared with 2% of the population), 5% have unknown religious affiliation or refused to specify it (compared with 2% of the population), 1% identifies with other religions (compared with 5% of the population), and another 1% identifies as unaffiliated (compared with 29% of the population). The unaffiliated are extremely under-represented, while Jews, Presbyterians, Lutherans, and Episcopalians are particularly over-represented.

The following table compares reported religious affiliations of senators to religious statistics of the demographics of the United States:

ReligionGroupNo. of sens % of sens % of population
Christians Catholics
26 / 100
Presbyterians
11 / 100
Baptists
10 / 100
Methodists
6 / 100
Lutherans
6 / 100
Episcopalians
5 / 100
Other Protestants
17 / 100
Latter-day Saints
3 / 100
Jews
9 / 100
Buddhists
1 / 100
Unknown or refused to specify
4 / 100
Unaffiliated
1 / 100

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This article covers the religious affiliation in the United States House of Representatives.

References

  1. ↑ Diamant, Jeff (January 3, 2023). "Faith on the Hill: The religious composition of the 118th Congress" (PDF). Pew Research Center.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Religious affiliation of members of 118th Congress" (PDF). Pew Research Center. January 3, 2023.
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  21. ↑ "Christian Nationalist sentiments of eight senators voting not to certify - Freedom from Religion Foundation".
  22. ↑ https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/179640/andy-kim
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  36. ↑ Lisa Olson; Houston Chronicle (October 15, 2012). "Profile: A man of many contrasts, Ted Cruz defies easy stereotypes". chron.com.
  37. ↑ Elizabeth Hartfield (July 31, 2012). "Ted Cruz Wins In Texas GOP Senate Runoff". abcnews.go.com.
  38. ↑ "NationalJournal Sen. Lindsey Graham (R) South Carolina". National Journal. March 22, 2013.
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  49. ↑ Edwin Smith (April 12, 2012). "U.S. Sen. Roger Wicker to Deliver Commencement Address". University of Mississippi.
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  51. ↑ "Cotton draws religious beliefs into Arkansas Senate fight". Arkansas News Bureau. July 2, 2014.
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