Religious tourism in India

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Religious tourism in India is a focus of Narendra Modi's national tourism policy. Uttarakhand has been popular as a religious and adventure tourism hub. [1]

Contents

Tourism by religion

India-origin religions

Since India is birthplace of Indian-origin religions, namely Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, their holiest sites and highest concentration of religious sites pertaining to these religions are in India. Common pilgrim circuits, sites and practices are as follows:

Buddhism

Mahabodhi Temple Mahabodhitemple.jpg
Mahabodhi Temple

The Mahabodhi Temple in Bodh Gaya is one of the holiest sites in Buddhism. [2] Buddhist sites, many related to the travels of Buddha, are spread across India. Important Buddhist prikarma sites are, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Sravasti (Jetavana), Rajgir hills, Kurukshetra (Bodh Stupa on bank of Brahma Sarovar, pilgrimage undertaken by Gautama Buddha), Shrughna (Yamunanagar, vihara visited by Buddha for sermon), Adi Badri (saraswati udgam sthal and vihara visited by Buddha), Parinirvana Stupa (place of death and nirvana of Lord Buddha at Kushinagar, and Sankissa. See also Buddhist pilgrimage sites.

Hinduism

Hindus pilgrims in India undertake yatra (pilgrimage) to numerous sites, temples and samadhis (shrines) of saints) for puja and parikrama to earn punya with the aim to attain moksha. In order of importance for pilgrims in India, there are 4 Dhams (Char Dham) and 12 Jyotirlings devoted to the Lord Shiva, 51 Shakti Pithas devoted to the feminine manifestation of the god, and the important Lord Rama circuit (Ayodhya, Chitrakoot, Hampi and Rameswaram) and Lord Krishna circuit (Mathura, Vrindavan, Barsana, Govardhan, Kurukshetra, Dwarka and Bhalka). Sacred pilgrim sites related to Lord Rama are Ayodhya, Prayagraj, Chitrakoot, Hampi and Rameswaram. Sacred pilgrim sites related to Lord Krishna are Mathura, Vrindavan, Barsana, Govardhan, Vraja Parikrama, 48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra, Dwarka, Bhalka (place of death of Lord Krishna).

India has become a major destination for yoga tourism, [3] bringing business to ashrams in places such as Mysore (for Ashtanga Yoga) and Rishikesh (for Sivananda Yoga, among others). That has led to the creation of many yoga schools offering teacher training and promotion of India as a "yoga tourism hub" [4] by the Indian Ministry of Tourism and the Ministry of AYUSH. [5]

Jain

The holiest site of Jainism are spread across India.

Sikhism

The Golden Temple is the holiest site in Sikhism.

The holy sites for Sikhs include the following in the order of importance:

Foreign-origin religions

Baháʼí

The roots of the Baháʼí Faith in India go back to the first days of the Bábí religion in 1844. [6] For Baháʼís in India, the Lotus Temple in Delhi, is most well known Baháʼí House of Worship that was dedicated in December 1986. [7]

Islam

The dargahs or shrines of major Sufi figures in India, such as Ajmer Sharif and Nizamuddin, attract many Muslims. Qadian is a considered a holy city by Ahmadi Muslims.

Zoroastrianism

Due to persecution of Zoroastrians, in other countries and the liberal atmosphere and patronisation of India, today the largest population of Zoroastrians resides in India.

Zoroastrians, the practitioners of Zoroastrianism have been living in India since the Sasanian period (224-651 CE), [8] started to migrate to India in successive waves migrations after the Muslim invasion of Persia when invading Muslim started religious persecution and Zoroastrianism suffered a decline in Iran, later another wave of migration to India started when Safavids forced their subjects to convert to Shiism. [9] Zoroastrians in India, have numerous fire temples in India where they travel for worship. Udwada Atash Behram is the oldest fire temple in India The temple attracts Zoroastrian pilgrims from around the world and considered the most sacred for Zoroastrians.

List of Important Places

MAP of Places
SrPlaceDeityImportance
1Sharda Peeth, POKSharadaShaktipeeth
2Nankana Sahib, PakistanSikh
3Kartarpur Sahib, PakistanSikh
4Amarnath Temple, Pahalgam, JKHindu
5Vaishno Devi Temple, Karta, JKHindu
6DharamshalaBuddhist
7Jwalamukhi, KangraJwalamukhiShaktipeeth
8AmritsarGolden TempleSikh
9Anandpur SahibSikh
10Talwandi SaboSikh
11KurukshetraKrishnaGita
12BehatShakambariShaktipeeth
13HaridwarSaptapuri, Kumbha Mela
14Rishikesh
15YamunotriChota Dham
16GangotriChota Dham
17KedarnathShivaJyotirlinga, Chota Dham
18BadrinathVishnuChar Dham, Chota Dham, Swayambhu Vishnu
19GarbyangAdi Kailash
20Kailash, TibetShiva
21DelhiNizamuddin, Lotus Temple, AkshardhamMuslim, Bahai, Hindu
22VrindavanKrishna Circuit
23MathuraSaptapuri, Krishna Circuit
24NaimisharanyaVishnuSwayambhu Vishnu
25AyodhyaRama, HanumangarhiSaptapuri, Rama Circuit, Hanuman
26Lumbini, NepalBuddhist
27Muktinath, NepalShaligram VishnuSwayambhu Vishnu
28Pashupati, NepalPashupatinathShiva
29KushinagarBuddhisht
30PrayagrajAlopi Sankari, HanumanShaktipeeth, Kumbha Mela, Hanuman
31ChitrakootRama Circuit
32SarnathBuddhist
33Varanasi (Kashi)Kalbhairav, Vishalakshi & Vishveshwar, HanumanSaptapuri, Shaktipeeth, Jyotirlinga
34PatnaMahavir Hanuman, Takht Sri HarimandirSikh, Hanuman
35PawapuriJain
36RajgirBuddhist, Jain
37GayaMangla GauriShaktipeeth
38BodhgayaBuddhist
39ParasnathJain
40BaidyanathJyotirlinga
41KamakhyaMaa KamakhyaShaktipeeth
42Tripura Sundari, TripuraMahadevi Raj Rajeshwari Lalita Tripura SundariHindu, Shaktipeeth
43Pandua, West BengalMaa ShrinkhalaShaktipeeth
44KolkattaMaha KaliShaktipeeth
45JajpurBirajadeviShaktipeeth
46BhubaneswarLingaraj TempleSwayambhu Hari Har
47PuriJagannath & VimalaChar Dham, Shaktipeeth.
48PurusottampurMaa Tara TariniShaktipeeth
49PithapuramKukkuteswara, DattatreyaShaktipeeth, Sripad Vallabha
50DraksharamaBheemeswaraShaktipeeth
51TirupatiVenkateshwaraSwayambhu Vishnu
52KanchipuramKamakshiSaptapuri, Shaktipeeth
53SrimushnamBhuvarahswamySwayambhu Vishnu
54TiruchirappalliRanganath SwamySwayambhu Vishnu
55RameshwaramShiva, Panchamukhi HanumanJyotirlinga, Char Dham, Hanuman
56Koneshwaram, Sri LankaShaktipeeth
57NanguneriVanamamalai PerumalSwayambhu Vishnu
58Chamundeshwari, MysuruChamundeshwariShaktipeeth
59HampiRama circuit
60AlampurJogulambaShaktipeeth
61SrisailamMallikarjun & Bhramaramba, DattatreyaJyotirlinga, Shaktipeeth, Narsimha Saraswati
62Kurvapur, RaichurDattatreyaSripad Vallabha
63KudalasangamaBasaveshwarLingayat
64GanagapuraDattatrayaNarsimha Saraswati
65ManikanagaraDattatrayaManik Prabhu
66AkkalkotDattatreyaSwami Samartha
67TuljapurBhavani MataShaktipeeth
68PandharpurVithoba Rukmini
69Shikhar ShingnapurShambhu MahadevShiva
70NarsobawadiDattatreyaNarsimha Saraswati
71Mahalaxmi KolhapurAmbabai MahalaxmiShaktipeeth
72Pali, SataraKhandoba
73Janai Malai SataraDevi
74MahadVaradavinayak GaneshaAstavinayak
75HarihareshwarHari Har, KalbhairavnathSwayambhu
76Pali, RaigadBallaleshwar GaneshaAstavinayak
77KalajKhandoba
78JejuriKhandoba
79MorgaonMayureshwar GaneshaAstavinayak
80SiddhatekSiddhivinayak GaneshaAstavinayak
81TheurChintamani GaneshaAstavinayak
82RanjangaonMahaganapatiAstavinayak
83OzharVigneshwar GaneshAstavinayak
84LenyadriGirijatmaj GaneshAstavinayak
85BhimashankarJyotirlinga
86MumbaiSiddhi Vinayak, Mahalaxmi
87UdvadaIranshah Atash BehramParsi / Zoroastrian
88TrimbakeshwarJyotirlinga
89NashikPanchavatiRama Circuit, Kumbha Mela
90SaptshrungiShaktipeeth
91ShirdiSai Baba
92Shani ShingnapurShanidev
93ElloraGrishneshwarJyotirlinga
94AmbejogaiYogeshwari
95NandedSikh
96Aundha NagnathJyotirlinga
97MahurRenukaShaktipeeth
98ShegaonGajanan Maharaj
99OmkareshwarJyotirlinga
100UjjainMahakal, MahakaliJyotirlinga, Shaktipeeth, Saptapuri, Kumbha Mela
101PalitanaJain
102SomnathJyotirlinga
103GirnarDattatreya, Neminatha
104DwarkaNageshwar, DwarkadishChar Dham, Saptapuri, Jyotirlinga
105AjmerAjmer SharifSufi Saint
106PushkarVarah SwamySwayambhu Vishnu

See also

References

  1. "U'khand eyes wellness tourism", The Times of India , 13 February 2016
  2. "Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  3. Goldberg, Philip (2010). American Veda: From Emerson and the Beatles to Yoga and Meditation – How Indian Spirituality Changed the West. New York: Harmony Books. pp. 7, 152. ISBN   978-0-385-52134-5.
  4. Singh, Shikha. "Yoga Tourism in India India can be the Wellness Destination for the World" . Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  5. Maddox, Callie Batts (2014). "Studying at the source: Ashtanga yoga tourism and the search for authenticity in Mysore, India". Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change. 13 (4): 330–343. doi:10.1080/14766825.2014.972410. ISSN   1476-6825. S2CID   143449133.
  6. The Baháʼí Faith - Brief History Archived 2009-04-14 at the Wayback Machine National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of India.
  7. "Achievements of the Seven Year Plan" (PDF). Baháʼí News. July 1987. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
  8. Fereshteh Davaran. Continuity in Iranian Identity: Resilience of a Cultural Heritage. Routledge. pp. 54–55, 136–137.
  9. Monica M. Ringer (13 December 2011). Pious Citizens: Reforming Zoroastrianism in India and Iran. Syracuse University Press. pp. 25, 26. ISBN   9780815650607.