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The Roman Catholic Diocese of Benevento was, according to an 11th-century episcopal list, founded in the first century.[4] During the persecution of Diocletian there is a reference to a person named Januarius,[5] who together with Proculus his deacon and two laymen was imprisoned and beheaded at Pozzuoli in 305. He is said to have been the first bishop of Benevento before becoming Bishop of Naples.
The See of Benevento was elevated in status to an archdiocese on 26 May 969, during a synod held at the Vatican Basilica by Pope John XIII. The promotion of the See and of Archbishop Landolfo took place in the presence of, and at the request of, the Emperor Otto I and Prince Pandulph of Benevento and Capua, and his son Landulph. The new metropolitanate had ten suffragan dioceses: Saint Agatha, Avellino, Alife, Ariana, Ascoli, Bibino (Bovinum), Larino, Quintodecimum (earlier at Aeculanum, then at Frigento), Telese, and Volturara.[6]
The ultimate fate of some of these dioceses can be seen through the Provincial Synod of May 1698. When Bishop Francesco Scannagatta of Avellino attended the synod, he signed his name Franciscus Episcopus Abellinensis, Frequintinensis, Aquae-putridae seu Mirabellae, et Quintodecimi,[7] giving clear evidence of the incorporation of three ancient dioceses into the diocese of Avellino. Avellino was still a suffragan of Benevento.
The area of Benevento was struck by a severe earthquake on 11 October 1125, and it was followed immediately by four aftershocks. At midday on 12 October yet another severe shock hit. Nearly all the towers of the fortifications fell, as well as the walls, and the palaces and other edifices. The monastery of San Felice in the diocese of Benevento was completely destroyed. At Termoli the entire façade of the cathedral collapsed. Aftershocks continued for another fifteen days.[8]
On 5 December 1456, Campania and the former duchy of Benevento were hit with a major earthquake, with over 40,000 dead. It may have been the largest on record for all of southern Italy. It was followed by another on 30 December. Benevento was for the most part destroyed, suffering between 350 and 500 dead. Brindisi, with nearly all of its inhabitants, was destroyed. Apice, in the diocese of Benevento, was completely destroyed, as was Casalduni. Two thousand died at Ariano in the territory of Avellino, and the town was in ruins. Lacedonia was reduced to dust and abandoned completely. Sant' Agata dei Goti was assai conquassata ('practically crushed').[9]
Synods
In August 1059 Pope Nicholas II held a synod at Benevento in the church of S. Peter outside the walls.[10]
On 13 June 1061 a synod was held in the cathedral at Benevento by Archbishop Udalricus. It settled a conflict between Abbot Amico of Santa Sofia and Abbot Leone of Draconaria.[11] In 1075 another synod, held by Archbishop Milo, addressed another conflict between the monastery of Santa Sofia and the Bishop of Draconaria (which was later absorbed into the diocese of San Severo) over the issue of being subject to two bishops.[12]
Pope Victor III held a synod at Benevento in August 1087, at which he excommunicated the antipope Wibert, excommunicated Archbishop Hugh of Lyon and Richard of Marseille, and ordered the deposition of any bishop or abbot who accepted lay investiture.[13]
Pope Urban II held a general synod at Benevento from 28–31 August 1091. At the synod the Pope excommunicated the Emperor Henry IV and his antipope Wibert of Ravenna (called Clement III). It was also decreed that no one should be made a bishop unless he was already in holy orders. The synod also forbade the celebration of matrimony during Advent to the end of the Octave of the Epiphany (6 January).[14]
In 1102 and 1108 Pope Paschal II held synods at Benevento. In the synod of 1108 he repeated his objections to lay investiture, and he forbade clerics from wearing expensive secular clothes. He also consecrated Landolfo as Archbishop of Benevento.[15] Between 16 March and 24 April 1117, Pope Paschal was resident in Benevento. In the synod of April 1117, he excommunicated Maurice Burdinus, Archbishop of Braga, the antipope (1118–1121) of Emperor Henry V, who called himself Gregory VIII.[16]
On 10 March 1119, Archbishop Landolfo held a provincial synod at Benevento, in which anathemas were threatened against persons who committed theft against church property or merchants.[17]
In 1374, Archbishop Hugo stated at a provincial council that the Church of Benevento had twenty-three suffragans, and that documents indicated that at one time it had had thirty-two.[18]
In 1599 Archbishop Massimiliano Palumbara held a diocesan synod, attended by seven of his suffragan bishops. The synod legislated against the practice of clerics removing relics from their containers so that they could be handled by the laity.[19]
During his episcopate, Cardinal Pietro Francesco Orsini de Gravina, O.P. (1686–1730) held two diocesan synods, one in April 1693, and another in May 1698.[20]
During his term of office Archbishop Gianbattista Colombini, O.F.M. Conv. (1763–1774) held eight diocesan synods. Between 1755 and 1762, Cardinal Francesco Pacca held eight diocesan synods. Cardinal Giovanni Battista Pacca held another fourteen, between 1825 and 1838.[21]
Cathedral and Chapter
The cathedral of Maria SS. Assunta in Cielo was founded in Lombard times, but was destroyed by Allied bombings in World War II; it has kept the medieval Romanesque façade and bell tower, and the 8th century crypt.
In 839 the alleged remains of Saint Bartholomew the Apostle were transferred to the Cathedral, to a chapel which had been built at the order of Prince Siccard of Benevento (d. 839).[22] In 1338 Archbishop Arnaldus de Brussac moved the remains to a reconstructed chapel next to the cathedral.[23]
In 1316 the Cathedral Chapter had eighty-six Canons. In 1364, Archbishop Hugo reduced the number to thirty. The dignities (not dignitaries) included the Archdeacon, the Archpriest, the Primiceralis Major, the Primiceralis Minor, the Treasurer, and Bibliothecarius.[24] In 1674 the Cathedral Chapter contained six dignities and twenty-five Canons.[25] In 1752 there were six dignities and twenty-seven Canons.[26]
There were two other Collegiate Churches in Benevento: that of Saint Bartholomew (founded c. 1137) and that of Santo Spirito (founded in 1350). Each had twelve Canons, headed by a mitred abbot.[27]
Bishops and Archbishops
Saint Januarius (in a modern depiction) was the first bishop of the diocese, until his martyrdom in 305.
↑ J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XIX (Venice: Antonio Zatta 1774), pp. 19–22. Ughelli, p. 61. Cappelletti, p. 59.
↑ Zigarelli, Giuseppe (1856). Storia della Cattedra di Avellino e de'suoi pastori, con brevi notizie de'Metropolitani della chiesa di Benevento seguito dalla serie cronologica de'vescovi di Frigento e da una esatta descrizione de'luoghi onde di presente viene composta la prima opera (in Italian). Napoli: Vaglio. Volume II., p. 56.
↑ Ughelli, p. 9. Carl Joseph Hefele, Histoire des conciles (tr. Delarc) VI (Paris: Adrien Leclere 1871) (in French), pp. 392. Philippus Jaffé (ed. S. Loewenfeld), Regesta pontificum romanorum editio altera, Tomus I (Leipzig 1884), p. 561.
↑ Carl Joseph Hefele, Histoire des conciles (tr. Delarc) VII (Paris: Adrien Leclere 1872), pp. 5–6. Jaffe-Loewenfeld, p. 656.
↑ J.-D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XX (Venice: A. Zatta 1774), p. 738. Hefele, Histoire des conciles (tr. H. Leclercq) Tome V, première partie (Paris: Letouzey 1912), pp. 352–353. Kehr, p. 71.
↑ Joannes Stilting, ed. (1757). Acta Sanctorum Septembris (in Latin). Vol.Tomus sextus (6). Antwerp: Bernardus Vander Plassche. pp.761–894, esp. 866–872. Januarius is said to have been the first bishop of Benevento; the list of bishops that begins with Photinus in the first century is not found until the eleventh century, and there is no trace of any activity of any of the alleged first dozen bishops. Ughelli, p. 13. Lanzoni, p. 255.
↑ Bishop Dorus was the recipient of a letter from Pope Leo I. Kehr, p. 50 no. 1. Lanzoni, p. 259.
↑ Epiphanius: Kehr, p. 50 nos. 2–4. Lanzoni, p. 261.
↑ Ughelli, pp. 19–21. The letter from Pope Vitalian (657–672) to Bishop Barbatus is a forgery. Kehr, pp. 51–52, no. 5. According to Ughelli, Barbatus died on 19 February 682.
↑ Aion was the recipient of two letters from Pope John VIII. Kehr, pp. 52 nos. 6–7.
↑ Bishop Petrus was the recipient of a letter of Pope Formosus (891–896), written on 30 January 893. He died in 914. Kehr, pp. 53 no. 10. Ughelli, p. 47. Cappelletti, p. 56. A. Zazo, "Un vescovo beneventano del IX secolo: Petrus sagacissimus," Samnium 23 (1950) 179 ff.
↑ Bishop Joannes was the recipient of a letter of Pope Marinus II, dated 11 November 943. He also appears in a document of October 953. Kehr, p. 53 no. 11.
↑ Archbishop Landolfo received a letter from Pope John XII, dated 19 December 956. Kehr, p. 54 no. 13.
↑ Alo (Alone) was consecrated in Rome by Pope John XIV, at the request of Emperor Otto II, in the latter part of 983. Otto had already died, on 7 December 983, by the time that Archbishop Alo reached Benevento. Kehr, p. 55, no. 16. Desiderius of Montecassino, Dialogorum Liber II. 1 (MGH SS XXX, p. 1127). Alo seems to have been overthrown by Alfano, who intruded himself as archbishop in 982. Stefano Palmieri, "Duchi, principi, e vescovi nella Langobardia meridionale," Giancarlo Andenna; Giorgio Picasso (1996). Giancarlo Andenna; Giorgio Picasso (eds.). Longobardia e longobardi nell'Italia meridionale: le istituzioni ecclesiastiche: atti del 2. Convegno internazionale di studi ...: Benevento, 29-31 maggio 1992 (in Italian). Milano: Vita e Pensiero. pp.43–100, at pp. 94–95. ISBN978-88-343-0493-8.
↑ Archbishop Alfano was consecrated by Pope John XV in 985. Pope Gregory V wrote to him in April 998. Kehr, p. 56, nos. 18, 19.
↑ Alfano II: On 21 January 1011, Pope Sergius IV confirmed the privileges of the Church of Benevento. The privileges were confirmed again by Pope Benedict VIII in March 1014. Kehr, pp. 56–57, nos. 20, 21.
↑ In 1053, Pope Leo IX consecrated Udalricus a bishop. In July 1053 the Pope wrote to Udalricus, confirming the privileges of the Church of Benevento, which were repeated by Pope Stephen IX on 24 January 1058. The Archbishop held a synod in Benevento on 13 June 1061. Ughelli, pp. 78–83. Kehr, pp. 57–59, nos. 22 (Annals of Benevento), 23, 24, 25.
↑ Archbishop Milo (Milone) held a synod in Benevento on 1 April 1075. Kehr, p. 60, no. 29. He died on 23 February 1076: Kehr, p. 60, no. 29, note.
↑ Archbishop Roffredo received a letter from Pope Gregory VII (1073–1085) in the spring of 1080, as well as two other undated ones. He also received a judgment from Pope Victor III. He was the subject of complaints at the Roman synod of Pope Urban II of 24–30 April 1099. According to Falco of Benevento, he died on 7 September 1107. Ughelli, pp. 90–91. Kehr, pp. 60–61, nos. 30–35.
↑ Landolfo was consecrated by Pope Paschal II on 8 November 1108. In March 1112 at the Lateran Synod, Archbishop Landulphus and Bishop Guilelmus of Troia engaged in a controversy. At the beginning of 1114 he was appointed to a commission to bring local peace. Landolfo was deposed in October 1114, but restored on 11 August 1116. He was present at Gaeta at the consecration of Pope Gelasius II. At the end of winter of 1119, Archbishop Landolfo was notified of the election of Pope Calixtus II by Cardinal Petrus, Bishop of Porto. He was present at the synod of Benevento on 10 March 1119. He died on 4 August 1119. Ughelli, pp. 93–104. Kehr, pp. 62–65, nos. 36–52.
↑ Archbishop Roffridus (in Latin) was consecrated at Benevento by Pope Calixtus II on 19 September 1120. He was in Rome on 27 March 1123 at a council held by Calixtus II. In the fall of 1123 he was accused before Pope Calixtus of having obtained his archbishopric by simony; he purged himself by oath. At the end of the year Pope Calixtus sent Roffredo on a mission to Constantinople. Anacletus II had already been elected pope when the news of the death of Roffredo reached Rome in 1130. Anacletus was elected on 14 February 1130. Ughelli, pp. 104–109. Kehr, pp. 65–66, no. 53–55.
↑ Landulfus was consecrated in Rome by Pope Anacletus II. Kehr, p. 66, nos. 56–57.
↑ Archbishop Rossemann succeeded Landulfus and was a supporter of Anacletus II. When Innocent II acquired Benevento in 1137, Rossemann was deposed, but as soon as Innocent departed he was reinstated by November 1137. At Benevento in 1139, Innocent II cancelled all the ordinations and consecrations performed by Anacletus II and by Archbishop Rossemann. Kehr, p. 67 no. 62.
↑ Gregorius was archbishop-elect in 1133, but had no authority in Benevento, which was in the hands of the supporters of Pope Anacletus II (died 1138). Gregorio was not consecrated until 5 September 1137, by Innocent II. Ughelli, pp. 109–113. Kehr, pp. 66, nos. 58–59, 61.
↑ On 22 September 1153, the new pope Anastasius IV issued a bull confirming the privileges of the Church of Benevento for Archbishop Petrus. His date of death is unknown, but it is known that he was assassinated during the siege of Benevento by King William I in 1155 on the suspicion that the Archbishop was a partisan of King William. Ughelli, pp. 113–115. Kehr, p. 67, no. 63.
↑ On 28 September 1156, Pope Adrian IV issued a bull, granting Archbishop Enrico a renewal of the privileges granted by previous popes to the Church of Benevento. In August 1161, Archbishop Enrico was sent by Pope Alexander III as an envoy to Constantinople. In May 1164 he was sent as legate to Romania. Kehr, pp. 68–69, nos. 64–67.
↑ Lombardo, a native of Piacenza, was a Magister sacrorum canonum, and had been a disciple of Thomas a Becket of Canterbury. He was already a cardinal on 29 December 1170. He was named archbishop in 1171. He had resigned the archbishopric by 27 July 1179. Ughelli, pp. 121–123. Gams, p. 672, column 1. Kehr, pp. 69–70, nos. 68–71.
↑ Rogerius, a monk of Montecassino, was already Archbishop-elect in a document dated September 1179. On 13 July 1195, Pope Celestine, at the urging of Cardinal Petrus of S. Maria in via lata, the Rector of Benevento, took Archbishop Rogerius and the people of Benevento under his protection. Kehr, p. 70, no. 71 note; no. 72.
↑ Archbishop Ugolino was consecrated by Pope Honorius III during the Quattuor Temporum of Advent (i.e. December) in 1221. It is said that he died on 20 May 1254. Ughelli, pp. 133–136. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 133 with note 1. Gams, p. 672.
↑ Capoferro de Capoferris, a Beneventan noble, died in December 1280. Ughelli, pp. 136–141.
↑ Giovanni, who had been a monk of Montecassino, was provided by Pope Martin IV on 17 June 1282, and was consecrated at Orvieto by Cardinal Ordonius Alurz, Bishop of Tusculum. He was named a cardinal on 18 September 1294 by Pope Celestine V. He died on 22 February 1295. Ughelli, pp. 141–143. Cappelletti, pp. 91–98. Eubel, I, pp. 12 no. 13; 133.
↑ Giovanni had been Bishop of Clonfert (1266–1295) and Papal Nuncio in Ireland. He was transferred to Benevento on 2 October 1295 by Pope Boniface VIII. He was promoted to the archbishopric of Capua on 2 January 1301. Ughelli, p. 143. Eubel, I, pp. 133, 165, 193.
↑ Adenolfo had earlier been Bishop of Conza (1295–1300). He was transferred to the diocese of Benevento on 2 January 1301. He resigned in 1302. He was transferred to the diocese of Larino Ughelli, p. 143. Eubel, I, p. 133, 203.
↑ Giacomo was appointed on 3 September 1302, and consecrated by Cardinal Theodericus of Palestrina. He was transferred to the diocese of Naples on 12 December 1304 by Pope Boniface VIII. He died in 1307. Ughelli, p. 143. Eubel, I, p. 133.
↑ Monaldo had earlier been Bishop of Soana (1298–1303). He was appointed Archbishop of Benevento by Pope Boniface VIII on 17 January 1303. Ughelli, pp. 143–144. Eubel, I, p. 133 with note 7; 466.
↑ Arnaldo (the spelling of the name de Brusacco is verified by the funeral inscription of his nephew, cited by Ughelli) had been Abbot of the monastery of Santa Sophia. He was named Archbishop of Benevento on 10 January 1332 by Pope John XXII. On 25 August 1338 he performed the transfer of the alleged remains of Saint Bartholomew the Apostle to their new resting place in the Basilica of S. Bartolomeo. He died on 22 January 1344. Ughelli, pp. 144–148. Eubel, I, p. 133
↑ Guglielmo had earlier been Bishop of Alba (1321–1333), and then Archbishop of Brindisi (1333–1344). He was appointed to the diocese of Benevento by Pope Clement VI on 3 March 1344. Ughelli, pp. 147–148. Eubel, I, pp. 80, 133, 149.
↑ Stephanus Dupin had briefly been titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople (from 6 March 1346). He was appointed Archbishop of Benevento by Pope Clement VI on 16 October 1346. It was he who created the Collegiate Chapter of San Bartolomeo on 5 February 1350. He died in 1350. Ughelli, pp. 148–149. Eubel, I, pp. 133, 206.
↑ A native of Benevento, Pietro Dupin, who had been named Bishop of Fréjus in 1348, was transferred to the diocese of Viterbo (1348–1350). He was appointed to the diocese of Benevento on 18 November 1350 by Pope Clement VI. He governed the diocese through a Vicar, Bishop Nicolaus of Monte Marrano (one of the suffragan diocese of Benevento). He died in 1360. Ughelli, pp. 149–150. Joseph Hyacinthe Albanés; Ulysse Chevalier (1899). Aix, Apt, Fréjus, Gap, Riez et Sisteron (in French and Latin). Montbéliard: Société anonyme d'imprimerie montbéliardaise. pp.367–368. Eubel, I, pp. 133; 252 note 8; 348; 532.
↑ Geraldus had been a Canon of Limoges, and a member of the papal family of Pope Innocent VI. He was appointed Archbishop of Benevento on 4 December 1360. A letter was written to him on 9 May 1362 by Pope Innocent. Cappelletti, pp. 106–107. Eubel, I, p. 133.
↑ Guillaume had been Prior of the Benedictine priory of Catusium in the diocese of Cahors: Eubel, I, p. 133. Coleti (in Ughelli, p. 151) believed that Guillaume was a Dominican who had for a few months been Bishop of Lombès before being transferred to Benevento. Eubel, I, p. 310, however, calls the Bishop of Lombès Guillaume Dufort, and says that he was Archdeacon of S. Antonii in the diocese of Rodez before his appointment to Lombès on 18 January 1363, where he died in April 1365. Eubel's details makes Coleti's identification impossible. Plague infested southern France in 1360 and 1361, and carried off 100 bishops and 9 cardinals, according to Matteo Villani (Cronica Liber X. capitolo LXXI, pp. 366–367 Dragomanni). This may account for the frantic creation and reassignment of bishops in these years.
↑ Hugo de Rupto (Buxeo) was appointed by Pope Urban V on 22 March 1363. On 22 April 1364 he issued a decree, fixing the number of Canons in the Cathedral Chapter at thirty. He died in 1365. Ughelli, p. 151. Cappelletti, p. 107. Eubel, I, p. 133.
↑ Hugo Guidardi (Guitardi) was appointed on 19 November 1365 by Pope Urban V. He held a provincial synod in Benevento on 17 April 1370 (and another in 1374). He issued a decree in favor of his Vicar General, the Bibliothecarius of the Cathedral Chapter Joannes Panaccioni on 23 October 1371. He was a follower of Urban VI, and for that reason was deposed by the followers of Clement VII, but restored when they lost control of the Kingdom of Naples. He died in 1383. Ughelli, p. 151. Cappelletti, p. 107. Eubel, I, p. 133.
↑ Uguccioni had been appointed Bishop of Faventia (1378–1383) by Urban VI. He was transferred to Benevento following the death of Archbishop Ugo Guidardi in 1383, and then to the archdiocese of Bordeaux on 28 August 1384. Eubel, I, pp. 133, 151, 246.
↑ A native of Cremona, Zanasio had previously been Bishop of Brescia (1378–1383). He was transferred to the diocese of Naples by Urban VI in 1384. He is referred to as electus Beneventanus in a document of 18 January 1384. He died on 24 August 1389. Ughelli, p. 158 (Ughelli has him die in 1387 in his native land). Eubel, I, pp. 133, 147, 360.
↑ Donato was the son of Nicholas, Prince of Grotta. He was appointed Archbishop of Benevento in 1385 by Urban VI. On 17 October 1418, he granted the income of the church of San Marcello de Collinis in Benevento to the Canons of the cathedral. He died on 8 April 1426. Ughelli, pp. 158–161. Eubel, I, p. 133.
↑ Paolo Capranica was a Roman, the son of Niccoló Capranica and Iacobella, and the brother of Cardinal Domenico Capranica and Cardinal Angelo Capranica. He served as secretary of Pope Martin V. He had been Bishop of Evreux (1420–1427), by appointment of Pope Martin V. He died on 31 December 1428. Ughelli, pp. 161–162. Eubel, I, p. 133, 235.
↑ Gaspare Colonna, a relative of Martin V, was appointed Archbishop of Benevento on 7 January 1429 by Pope Martin V. He had previously been Archbishop of Reggio Calabriae (1426–1429). As a member of the Colonna family, who were at war with Pope Eugenius IV, he was arrested on 20 June 1432, and imprisoned in the Castel S. Angelo, from which he was eventually released. He died in Benevento on 4 July 1435. Ughelli, p. 162. Eubel, I, p. 133, 418; II, p. 104 note 1.
↑ Archbishop Astorgio had previously been Bishop of Mileto (1411–1418), Bishop of Melfi (1418–1419), and Bishop of Ancona (1419–1436). He made his financial arrangements with the Apostolic Camera for his transfer to Benevento on 8 February 1436. He was named a cardinal by Pope Nicholas V on 20 December 1448. He died in Rome on 10 October 1451. Ughelli, pp. 162–163. Eubel, I, pp. 88, 335, 341; II, pp. 104.
↑ Della Ratta was the son of Balthasar, Count of Caserta, and Margarita Marzana. He had previously been Archbishop of Rossano (1447–1451). He was named Archbishop of Benevento on 13 October 1451 by Pope Nicholas V. As a supporter of the Anjou faction in the struggle over the throne of Naples, he allowed the city of Benevento to fall into the hands of Duke Jean d'Anjou, the son of King René. When the coup was unsuccessful, he fled from Benevento. He was declared an apostate and simoniac in Consistory by Pope Pius II in 1460, and deposed. He died on 31 July 1464. Ughelli, pp. 163–164. Cappelletti, p. 113. Eubel, II, p. 104, 224.
↑ Alessio de' Cesari, a Sienese nobleman, had been papal Vice-Chamberlain, Apostolic Referendary, Administrator of the Diocese of Palestrina, and Bishop of Chiusi (1438–1462), was sent by Pope Pius II on 22 March 1462 (or perhaps as early as 1460) to take the episcopal seat of Benevento in the name of the Roman Church. He died on 31 July 1464. Ughelli, pp. 164–165. Cappelletti, p. 113. Eubel, II, pp. 104, 131.
↑ Piccolomini, a relative of Pope Pius II, was appointed archbishop on 3 August 1464. He died on 20 September 1467. Ughelli, p. 165. Cappelletti, p. 113. Eubel, II, p. 104.
↑ Capece, the Majordomo of the papal household, was appointed Archbishop of Benevento on 30 October 1467, the same day that Abbot Bartolomeo of the Benedictine Abbey of S. Andrea at Aversa was appointed Eubel, II, p. 104, with note 4. Eubel admits Bartolomeo into the list of Archbishops of Benevento, but not Corrado Capece. Cf. Ughelli, pp. 165–166, who admits Capece in 1469. In 1470 at the provincial Council held in Benevento on 24 August, Capece is termed arcivescovo e governatore generale di Benevento. Capece died in 1482. Cappelletti, pp. 114–115.
↑ A patrician of Benevento and a papal secretary, Grifo was transferred from the diocese of Gubbio (1472–1482) to Benevento by Pope Sixtus IV on 23 September 1482. He was present in Rome for the canonization of Leopold of Austria on 6 January 1485. He died in Rome, still serving as papal secretary, in 1485. Eubel, II, pp. 48 no. 507; 104, 151. Egmont Lee (1978). Sixtus IV and Men of Letters. Ed. di Storia e Letteratura. 26. Roma: Bretschneider. pp.62–66. GGKEY:CWS8W392RYB.
↑ Cibò was the nephew of Pope Innocent VIII and a Protonotary Apostolic. He was appointed Archbishop of Benevento on 5 December 1485, and named a cardinal on 9 March 1489. On 14 May 1501 he was named Suburbicarian Bishop of Albano, and on 29 November 1503 Suburbicarian Bishop of Palestrina. He died on 21 December 1503. The Church of Benevento was ruled through his Vicar-General, who received special powers from Innocent VIII on 18 June 1491. Ughelli, pp. 166–167. Eubel, II, p. 20 no. 1; 59, 104.
↑ Podocator was named Administrator of the diocese of Benevento on 8 January 1504. He died on 24 August 1504. Eubel, III, pp. 7, no. 32; 132.
↑ Della Rovere was named Administrator by Pope Julius II on 30 August 1504; he died on 11 September 1507. Ughelli, p. 167. Eubel, III, p. 132.
↑ Cardinal Sisto was named Administrator of Benevento on 8 September 1508, and resigned on 6 March 1514. Ughelli, p. 167. Eubel, III, p. 132.
↑ Farnese was named on 6 March 1514, and resigned on 31 August 1522. Ughelli, p. 167. Eubel, III, p. 132.
↑ Arrigoni was a Doctor in utroque iure (Padua), and had been a Consistorial Advocate and then Auditor Rotae in the Roman Curia. He was named a cardinal by Pope Clement VIII on 5 June 1596. He was provided by Pope Paul V on 7 February 1607, and was consecrated in the Sistine Chapel by the Pope on 24 February. He died in Naples on 4 April 1616. Ughelli, p. 172. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, pp. 5 no. 19; 113.
↑ Di Sangro had been Patriarch of Alexandria and Apostolic Nuncio in Spain. He was appointed Archbishop of Benevento by Pope Paul V in the Consistory of 2 May 1616. He died in Rome on 17 February 1633. Ughelli, pp. 172–173. Gauchat, p. 113.
↑ Maculani had been Commissarius of the Holy Office (Roman Inquisition) (1632–1649), and Master of the Sacred Palaces (1639–1641). He was named a cardinal on 16 December 1641. He was appointed Archbishop of Benevento in the Consistory of 13 January 1642 by Pope Urban VIII. He was consecrated in Rome on 19 January by Cardinal Antonio Barberini, senior. A year after his appointment he was summoned back to Rome, and resigned the archbishopric. He died on 16 February 1667. Ughelli, p. 173. Gauchat, p. 113.
↑ Foppa was appointed in the Consistory of 18 May 1643 by Pope Urban VIII. He died on 18 December 1673. Ughelli, pp. 173–175. Cappelletti, pp. 119–120. Gauchat, p. 113.
↑ Giuseppe Bologna was a native of Naples and was a Doctor in utroque iure, Civil and Canon Law (Naples). He had served in the administration of the Papal states as governor in Rimini and in Orvieto, and Vice-Legate of the Romandiola. He was then a voting Referendary of the congregation of the two signatures (Court of Appeals). He was appointed Archbishop of Benevento in Consistory on 12 March 1674 by Pope Clement X. He had resigned the diocese by 19 February 1680. He was approved as Archbishop of Capua on 26 November 1691. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 118 with note 3.
↑ A native Taggia in the Republic of Genoa, Gastaldi had been Commissary General of Health in the Apostolic Camera, Commissary of the Armies, and then Treasurer General of the Holy Roman Church before his promotion to the cardinalate by Pope Clement X on 12 June 1673. In 1678 he was named Legate of Bologna (1678–1684). He was appointed Archbishop of Benevento by Pope Innocent XI on 19 February 1680. He died in Rome on 8 April 1685, at the age of 69, and was buried in the Church of S. Maria de'Miracoli, which he had founded. Lorenzo Cardella, VII, pp. 222–224. Vincenzo Forcella, Inscrizione delle chiesa di Roma X (Roma: Ludovico Cecchini 1877), p. 389 no. 621. Ritzler-Sefrin, V, pp. 8 no. 11, with notes 8 and 9; 118 with note 4.
↑ Orsini was created a cardinal on 22 February 1672. He had previously been Archbishop of Siponto (1675–1680), and Bishop of Cesena (1680–1686). He was appointed Archbishop of Benevento in the Consistory of 18 March 1686 by Pope Innocent XI. He was elected Pope Benedict XIII on 19 May 1724, but continued to hold the diocese of Benevento until his death. He governed through his favorite, Niccolo Coscia. Ritzler-Sefrin, V, pp. 7, no. 5; 118 with note 5; 134 with note 4; 358 with note 3.
↑ Coscia: Giacomo de Antonellis, "Appunti intorno alla figura del cardinale Nicolò Coscia," in: Samnium 43 (1970), pp. 153–167.
↑ Landi was appointed to the See of Benevento in the Consistory of 18 September 1741 by Pope Benedict XIV. He was named a cardinal on 9 September 1743. He resigned the See on 17 January 1752, and became Prefect of the Sacred Congregation of the Index in the Roman Curia. He died on 11 February 1757, and was buried in the church of S. Maria in Porticu. Ritzler-Serfin, VI, pp. 13, no. 10; 120 with note 4.
↑ Colombini had held a number of administrative positions in his Order, and was Minister General at the time of his elevation to the episcopate, as well as a Consultor of the Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition. He was appointed Archbishop of Benevento in the Consistory of 19 December 1763 by Pope Clement XIII, and was consecrated by the Pope on 8 January 1764. He died in Benevento on 3 February 1774. Ritzler-Sefrin, VI, p. 121 with note 6.
↑ A native of Rimini, Banditi had previously been Procurator General of the Theatine Order, Bishop of Montefiascone and Corneto (1772–1775). He was consecrated a bishop in Rome by Cardinal Lazzaro Pallavicino on 5 April 1772. He was transferred to the diocese of Benevento by Pope Pius VI on 29 May 1775. He was named a cardinal on 17 July 1775, and granted the titular church of San Crisogono on 18 December 1775. He died on 27 January 1796. He died at Benevento on 27 January 1796. Ritzler-Sefrin, VI, pp. 31 no. 4; 121 with note 7; 295 with note 4.
↑ A native of Fermo, Spinucci was a doctor in utroque (Civil and Canon Law) of the University of Bologna. He had earlier been Bishop of Targa (1775–1777), then Bishop of Macerata (1777–1796). He was appointed Archbishop of Benevento on 27 June 1796 by Pope Pius VI. He was named a cardinal by Pope Pius VII on 8 March 1816, but he did not participate in the Conclave of September 1823. He died in Benevento on 21 December 1823 at the age of 84. Ritzler-Sefrin, VI, pp. 121, 270 and 393.
↑ Bussi was named a cardinal and Archbishop of Benevento on the same day, 3 May 1824, by Pope Leo XII. Ritzler-Sefrin, pp. 18, 44, 109–110.
↑ Della Rende was born in Naples in 1847, of the family of the Counts of Rende of Benevento. With the annexation of Naples to the Kingdom of Italy in 1860, he and his family fled to England, where he was ordained and served as a parish priest. He returned to Italy in 1867, and studied at the Capranica College and the Gregorian University; he served there as a parish priest as well. He was named Bishop of Tricarico by Pope Pius IX in 1886. He was promoted to the archbishopric of Benevento by Pope Leo XIII on 12 May 1879, and sent to Paris as Apostolic Nuncio (appointed 25 October 1882). He was named a cardinal on 14 March 1887. He died at Montecassino on 16 May 1897. Attilio Brunialti, ed. (1888). Annuario biografico universale (in Italian). Vol.III. Rome-Naples: Unione tip.-editrice torinese. p.480. G. Grabowski, "Il cardinale Siciliano di Rende," in: La Rassegna nazionale (in Italian). Vol.95, Anno XIX. Firenze. 1897. pp.579–583.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)Giuseppe De Marchi (1957). Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956 (in Italian). Roma: Ed. di Storia e Letteratura. p.128. GGKEY:0L819C2SWPF.Martin Bräuer (2014). Handbuch der Kardinäle: 1846-2012 (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. pp.143–144. ISBN978-3-11-026947-5.
↑ Dell'Olio had previously been Bishop of Rossano (1891–1898). On 5 February 1898 he was transferred by Pope Leo XIII to the diocese of Benevento. He was named a cardinal on 15 April 1901. He died on 18 January 1902. La Civiltà Cattolica. 18 (in Italian). Vol.V, 53rd year. La Civiltà Cattolica. 1902. pp.364–365. HARVARD:32044105207682. Ritzler-Sefrin, VIII, pp. 46, 147, 486. Martin Bräuer (2014). Handbuch der Kardinäle: 1846-2012 (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. p.189. ISBN978-3-11-026947-5.
↑ Mugione: Chiesa di Benevento, Vescovo emerito; retrieved 9 January 2018. (in Italian)
↑ Accrocca: Chiesa di Benevento, Arcivescovo; retrieved 4 January 2018. (in Italian)
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