Rubus arcticus

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Rubus arcticus
Rubus arcticus.jpg
From "Bilder ur Nordens Flora" (1917–1926)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Rubus
Species:
R. arcticus
Binomial name
Rubus arcticus
L. 1753
Subspecies [2]
  • R. arcticus subsp. arcticus
  • R. arcticus subsp. acaulis
  • R. arcticus subsp. stellatus
Synonyms [3]
  • Cylastis arcticus(L.) Raf. ex B.D.Jacks.
  • Rubus arcticus subsp. humilis(Gladkova) Krassovsk.
  • Rubus arcticus var. humilisGladkova
  • Rubus arcticus var. pentaphylloidesHult.
  • Manteia acaulis(Michx.) Raf.
  • Rubus acaulisMichx.
  • Manteia stellata(Sm.) Raf.
  • Rubus arcticus var. stellatus(Sm.) B.Boivin
  • Rubus stellatusSm.

Rubus arcticus, the Arctic bramble [4] or Arctic raspberry, [5] [6] Nagoonberry, [7] or nectarberry [8] [9] is a species of slow-growing bramble belonging to the rose family, found in Arctic and alpine regions in the Northern Hemisphere. It has been used to create hybrid cultivated raspberries, the so-called nectar raspberries. [9]

Contents

Description

Rubus arcticus grows most often in acidic soils rich in organic matter. It is a thornless perennial up to 30 centimetres (12 inches) tall, woody at the base but very thin farther above the ground. Flowers are in groups of 1–3, the petals pink, red, or magenta. The fruit is deep red or dark purple, with an unusual hardiness to frost and cold weather conditions. [2] [10]

Ripe Arctic raspberry Rubus arcticus berry.jpg
Ripe Arctic raspberry

Distribution and habitat

It grows in Alaska, [7] northern Scandinavia and Finland, Russia, Poland, Belarus, Mongolia, northeastern China, North Korea, Estonia, Lithuania, Canada, and the northern United States as far south as Oregon, Colorado, Michigan, and Maine. [11] [12] [13] It was historically present in Scotland, last seen in 1850. [14]

Uses

The fruits of the Arctic raspberry are very tasty and, among other uses, make jam and liqueur, or flavour tea. Carl von Linné considered the Arctic raspberry – åkerbär in Swedish [11] – a great delicacy in his Flora Lapponica (1737). Also used in Smirnoff Ice and North, and Lignell & Piispanen's Mesimarjalikööri, and Wine fruit of Arctic RaspBerry (Central Arctic in Adub).

Its dark red fruit is considered a delicacy. In the Pacific Northwest of western Canada and the northwestern US, it is sometimes called the nagoon or nagoonberry, a name which derives from the Tlingit neigóon. [7] A measure of the quality of its fruit is expressed in its Russian name княженикаknyazhenika, signifying the "berry of princes".

Culture

Arctic raspberry is the provincial plant of the Norrbotten province of northern Sweden. [15] [16] [17]

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Rubus</i> Genus of plants in the rose family

Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

<i>Rubus chamaemorus</i> Species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae

Rubus chamaemorus is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae, native to cool temperate regions, alpine and Arctic tundra and boreal forest. This herbaceous perennial produces amber-colored edible fruit similar to the blackberry. English common names include cloudberry, Nordic berry, bakeapple, knotberry and knoutberry, aqpik or low-bush salmonberry, and averin or evron.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raspberry</span> Edible fruit

The raspberry is the edible fruit of several plant species in the genus Rubus of the rose family, most of which are in the subgenus Idaeobatus. The name also applies to these plants themselves. Raspberries are perennial with woody stems.

<i>Rubus idaeus</i> Red raspberry

Rubus idaeus is a red-fruited species of Rubus native to Europe and northern Asia and commonly cultivated in other temperate regions.

<i>Rubus spectabilis</i> Plant species

Rubus spectabilis, the salmonberry, is a species of bramble in the rose family Rosaceae, native to the west coast of North America from west-central Alaska to California, inland as far as Idaho. Like many other species in the genus Rubus, the salmonberry plant bears edible fruit, typically yellow-orange or red in color, resembling raspberries in appearance.

<i>Ribes triste</i> Berry and plant

Ribes triste, known as the northern redcurrant, swamp redcurrant, or wild redcurrant, is an Asian and North American shrub in the gooseberry family. It is widespread across Canada and the northern United States, as well as in eastern Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Redcurrant</span> Flowering plant species in the gooseberry family

The redcurrant or red currant is a member of the genus Ribes in the gooseberry family. It is native to western Europe. The species is widely cultivated and has escaped into the wild in many regions.

<i>Rubus phoenicolasius</i> Berry and plant

Rubus phoenicolasius is an Asian species of raspberry in the rose family, native to China, Japan, and Korea.

<i>Rubus occidentalis</i> Berry and plant

Rubus occidentalis is a species of Rubus native to eastern North America. Its common name black raspberry is shared with other closely related species. Other names occasionally used include bear's eye blackberry, black cap, black cap raspberry, and scotch cap.

<i>Rubus parviflorus</i> Berry and plant

Rubus parviflorus, commonly called thimbleberry, is a species of Rubus native to northern temperate regions of North America. The plant has large hairy leaves and no thorns. It bears edible red fruit similar in appearance to a raspberry, but shorter, almost hemispherical. It has not been commercially developed for the retail berry market, but is cultivated for landscapes.

<i>Rubus leucodermis</i> Species of plant

Rubus leucodermis, also called whitebark raspberry, blackcap raspberry, or blue raspberry, is a species of Rubus native to western North America.

<i>Rubus saxatilis</i> Species of plant

Rubus saxatilis, or stone bramble, is a species of bramble widespread across Europe and Asia from Iceland and Spain east as far as China. It has also been found in Greenland.

<i>Rubus laciniatus</i> Berry and plant

Rubus laciniatus, the cutleaf evergreen blackberry or evergreen blackberry, is a species of Rubus, native to Eurasia. It is an introduced species in Australia and North America. It has become a weed and invasive species in forested habitats in the United States and Canada, particularly in the Northeast and along the Pacific Coast.

<i>Rubus deliciosus</i> Berry and plant

Rubus deliciosus is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae, native to the United States. Common names include the delicious raspberry, boulder raspberry, Rocky Mountain raspberry or snowy bramble.

<i>Rubus parvifolius</i> Species of flowering plant

Rubus parvifolius, called Japanese bramble, or Australian raspberry in the United States or native raspberry in Australia is a species of plant in the rose family. It is a scrambling shrub native to eastern Asia and Australia. It has also become naturalized in a few scattered locations in the United States.

<i>Rubus pubescens</i> Berry and plant

Rubus pubescens is a herbaceous perennial widespread across much of Canada and the northern United States, from Alaska to Newfoundland, south as far as Oregon, Colorado, and West Virginia.

<i>Rubus pedatus</i> Berry and plant

Rubus pedatus is an Asian and North American species of raspberry known under the common names five-leaved bramble, strawberryleaf raspberry and creeping raspberry.

<i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i> Species of flowering plant

Vaccinium oxycoccos is a species of flowering plant in the heath family. It is known as small cranberry, marshberry, bog cranberry, swamp cranberry, or, particularly in Britain, just cranberry. It is widespread throughout the cool temperate northern hemisphere, including northern Europe, northern Asia and northern North America.

<i>Rubus illecebrosus</i> Berry and plant

Rubus illecebrosus is a red-fruited species of Rubus that originally came from Japan, but is also very popular in some European countries like Lithuania. Common names include balloon berry and strawberry raspberry. It has become sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in Canada, the United States, and South America.

<i>Rubus allegheniensis</i> Berry and plant

Rubus allegheniensis is a North American species of highbush blackberry in Section Alleghenienses of the genus Rubus, a member of the rose family. It is the most common and widespread highbush blackberry in eastern and central North America. It is commonly known as Allegheny blackberry.

References

  1. Maiz-Tome, L. (2016). "Rubus arcticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T64323866A67730712. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  2. 1 2 Alice, Lawrence A.; Goldman, Douglas H.; Macklin, James A.; Moore, Gerry (2014). "Rubus arcticus". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 9. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  3. "Rubus arcticus L.". Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  4. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  5. Lee, Sangtae; Chang, Kae Sun, eds. (2015). English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. p. 611. ISBN   978-89-97450-98-5 . Retrieved 7 March 2019 via Korea Forest Service.
  6. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Rubus arcticus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 Mount, Emily (August 23, 2020). "Nagoonberry: the superstar of Alaska's wild berries". Alaska . Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  8. Kokko, Harri & Kärenlampi, Sirpa (1998), "Transformation of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens", Plant Cell Reports, 17: 822–826, doi:10.1007/s002990050491 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. 1 2 H. Hiirsalmi, and J. Säkö (1976), "The nectar raspberry hybrid Rubus idaeus x Rubus arcticus a new cultivated plant", Annales Agriculturae Fenniae, 15 (2): 168–174, doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1976.60.20
  10. Lu, Lingdi; Boufford, David E. "Rubus arcticus". Flora of China. Vol. 9 via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  11. 1 2 "Rubus arcticus L. - Åkerbär". Den Virtuella Floran (in Swedish). Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. 1996: description, ecological information, photos.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  12. "Rubus arcticus". State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  13. "Rubus arcticus : Nagoon Berry". Central Yukon Species Inventory Project (CYSIP). Friends of Dempster Country; includes photos, description, line drawing, global distribution map.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  14. https://plantatlas2020.org/atlas/2cd4p9h.pbf
  15. "Rubus arcticus". Plants for a Future .
  16. "Berry Crops". Inverness, Scotland: University of the Highlands and Islands. Archived from the original on 2006-08-18.
  17. Karp, K.; Starast, M.; Värnik, R. (1997). "The arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) – the most profitable wild berry in Estonia" (PDF). Baltic Forestry. 2: 47–52; in English with summary in Russian.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)