SL79

Last updated

SL79
SL79 108 Pa Radhusplassen-1.jpg
In service1982–present
Manufacturer
Built at
Replaced Gullfisk
Constructed1982–1990
Number built40
Number in service39
Number scrapped1 [1]
Fleet numbers101–140
Capacity137
Operators Sporveien Trikken
Depots Grefsen, Holtet
Lines served11, 12
Specifications
Car body constructionSteel
Car length22.4 m (73 ft 6 in)
Width2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
Height3,411 mm (11 ft 2.3 in)
Floor height880 mm (35 in)
Entry3-step stairs
Doors4
Wheel diameter680 mm (27 in)
Maximum speed80 km/h (50 mph)
Weight32.8 t (32.3 long tons; 36.2 short tons)
Traction system Thyristor chopper control
Traction motors 2 × NEBB 4ELO 2054B 217 kW (291 hp) [2]
Power output434 kW (582 hp)
Acceleration 1.3 m/s2 (4.3 ft/s2)
Deceleration 1.3 m/s2 (4.3 ft/s2)
Electric system(s) 750 V DC overhead catenary
Current collector(s) Pantograph
UIC classification B′+2′+B′
Braking system(s) Regenerative and disc brakes
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

SL79 is a class of 40 articulated trams operated by the Oslo Tramway of Norway. The trams were a variation of the Duewag trams that had been developed by the German manufacturer since the 1950s. The six-axle vehicles are unidirectional with four doors on the right side. The trams can seat 77 passengers three and four abreast, with an additional 91 people able to stand. Power output is 434 kilowatts (582 hp), provided by two motors on the two end bogies, that supplement a central unpowered Jacobs bogie located under the articulation. The trams are 23.0 metres (75.5 ft) long and 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) wide. They are capable of 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph) and have standard gauge.

Contents

They were built in two series, the first of 25 units delivered in 1982–84, and the second of 15 units delivered in 1989–90. The first 10 units were built by Duewag, while the last 30 were built in Norway by Strømmen. They were numbered 101 through 140. The two series vary slightly in specifications. The trams were ordered in 1979 after the 1977 decision to not close the tramway, after the SM53 were finished delivered in 1958. The SL79 mainly serves on lines 11, 12 and 19. However, during rush hour, SL79 trams supplement SL95s on line 13. Except those with an advertising livery, the trams are painted a light blue.

The SL79 trams, along with the flawed SL95 trams is currently being replaced by SL18 trams between 2020 and 2024. [3] [4]

History

No. 103 upon delivery in 1982 Brand new SL79 in 1982.jpg
No. 103 upon delivery in 1982

In 1960, the Oslo City Council decided to gradually close the tramway. New trams had been delivered in 1958, and it was decided that lines would only be closed as trams were naturally retired. At the time Oslo Sporveier had 421 vehicles. By 1974, the company had 163 vehicles, of which 100 were powered trams, 43 were trailers and 20 were working trailers. Following the energy crisis in the 1970s, the political climate changed, and in 1977 the city council decided to not close the tramway anyway. Between 1978 and 1981, ten tram vehicles were bought from the Gothenburg Tramway. [5]

In the 1950s, Duewag started to develop an articulated variation of its four-axle Großraumwagen, based on articulation technology used by trams in Rome. This design was delivered to many tramways, particularly in Germany. In 1977 and 1978, Oslo Sporveier tested a Duewag GT8S (3052) tram from Rheinbahn. In 1979, Oslo Sporveier ordered ten vehicles from Duewag, with planned delivery in 1982. In addition, fifteen units would be license-built by Strømmens Verksted, with delivery the following year. All the motors were built by the Norwegian company Norsk Elektrisk & Brown Boveri (NEBB). The trams built in Germany were transported to Oslo by railway. The first vehicle was delivered on 13 April 1982 and put into service on 2 July. The last German-built tram was put into service on 13 September. The German trams were numbered 101 through 110. Oslo was the third tramway in the world to take into use thyristor controlled motors on the main part of their fleet of trams, after the systems in Helsinki, Finland, and Hanover, Germany. [5]

The first Norwegian-built tram was delivered on 16 February 1983 and put into service on 9 March. The last unit was put into service on 10 January 1984. The Strømmen trams were numbered 111 through 125. There were few problems in the start, although the pantographs had technical problems and there were occasional power failures in the overhead wires due to out-of-date rectifiers not being able to handle the increased power usage. Trams no. 101 through 113 were put into service on Line 9 on the Lilleaker Line and the Ekeberg Line, replacing the Class E. The remaining trams of the first series were put into service on Line 1, on the Sinsen Line and the Briskeby Line, as well as Line 7, on the Ullevål Hageby Line and the Sinsen Line. On Line 9, that included both the tramway's light rail sections, only SL79-trams were used, while lines 1 and 7 used a mix of SL79 and SM53-trams. [5]

An SL79-tram near Holtet on the Ekeberg Line--one of two tramways remaining as suburban light rails. Oslo tram holtet.jpg
An SL79-tram near Holtet on the Ekeberg Line—one of two tramways remaining as suburban light rails.

Fifteen additional trams were built by Strømmen as series two. The first vehicle was delivered on 4 August 1989 and was taken into service on 11 October, while the last was put into service on 27 August 1990. These were numbered 126 through 140. From 7 September 1990 to 1 February 1991, tram 140 was used on the tramway in Chemnitz, Germany. Following this delivery, all lines of the tramway used SL79, although there were still many other trams needed to supplement the new trams. During the summer of 1995, tram no. 137 was used on the Djurgården Line of the heritage tramway in Stockholm, Sweden. [5] Due to a labor dispute about privatizing the operation of the tramway and the Oslo Metro, the ownership of all trams and metro trains, including the SL95, were transferred to the municipally owned limited company Oslo Vognselskap in 2007. [6]

Suggestions have been made to extend the trams with another center section, adding another axle and articulation, but these plans have been rejected by the company. Such a center section would be low-floor and give much easier access for strollers and wheelchairs, and allow the whole tram network to have step-free access. As of 2008, it was estimated that the SL79-series has about ten more years of service before it needs to be replaced. [5]

In February 2017, the unit no. 108 reached its mileage of two million kilometres (1.2 million miles), which is equivalent to 50 times around the Earth, or "50,000 times" around the tram network, after its 34 years of service. [7] [8]

Sporveien and the Oslo City Council have decided in 2018 to purchase 87 tramcars from CAF designated SL18, which will replace both the SL79 and the SL95 units. [3] [4]

The first deliveries of SL18 were made in September 2020. [9] The first SL79 unit was scrapped on 17 January 2023, [1] with the remaining units expected to be replaced by 2024. [10]

Operations

A series two SL79 at Majorstuen. SporvognS83.jpg
A series two SL79 at Majorstuen.

The SL79 make up 40 of the 72 trams in the system, supplementing the newer SL95. Following the delivery of the SL95 low-floor trams in 1999 and 2000, Oslo Sporveier has a pure articulated fleet. The newer series has a greater turning radius, heavier axle load and is two-directional. The radius and axle load of the SL95 makes it impossible for it to operate around Majorstuen, requiring lines 11, 12 and 19 to use SL79-units. With the 1999-extension of the Ullevål Hageby Line to Rikshospitalet, the tramway received its first terminus without a balloon loop, making it necessary for lines 17 and 18 to be served only by SL95 units. These also serve line 13, since it is a continuation of the service along the Sinsen Line from Majorstuen. [11] [12] The SL79 operate on the Briskeby, Ekeberg, Frogner, Gamleby, Grünerløkka–Torshov, Kjelsås and Vika Lines. Each service has a ten-minute headway, giving a five-minute interval on section that are served by two lines. [13]

Specifications

The SL79 is an articulated tram built exclusively for the Oslo Tramway in two series with different specifications. The trams were designed by Duewag, who also built 10 units in Düsseldorf, Germany. Fifteen additional units plus the fifteen trams in the second series were built Strømmen outside Oslo. The motors for the first series was delivered by Duewag, while the second series was built by Asea Brown Boveri at their Norwegian subsidiary NEBB. The trams have a steel frame and are 22,180 millimeters (873 in) long and 2,500 millimeters (98 in) wide. Without payload the trams weigh 32,800 kilograms (72,300 lb). [14]

Interior view of a SL79/II. Inside Tram Oslo.jpg
Interior view of a SL79/II.

Each tram has a total capacity of 162 riders, of which 71 can be seated. Seating is at three or four abreast. Series two was delivered with vandal-proof seats that proved uncomfortable and were replaced. The floor is 880 millimeters (35 in) above the tracks. The trams have four doors on the right side. The first series also have a single door on the left side, and the back right door was made single to match this. On series two, there are four double doors on the right side and none on the left side. SL79 was the first tram to be delivered with color-coded destination signs. By 2007, all the trams had had their rolling signs replaced by LED-type signs. [14]

The trams have three standard gauge bogies, each with two axles, of which the front and back bogies are powered. The bogies have air suspension and hollow-axle gear boxes from Thyssen. The wheels have a diameter of 680 millimeters (27 in). The distance between the bogies is 7,700 millimeters (300 in). Each of the two NEBB 4ELO 2054 B thyristor monomotors have a power output of 217 kilowatts (291 hp), giving the vehicle a power output of 434 kilowatts (582 hp) at 750 V. Maximum speed is 80 km/h (50 mph). Acceleration in the range 0 to 40 km/h (0 to 25 mph) is limited to 1.3  meters per second squared (4.3 ft/s2). Primary braking is achieved from the dynamic brake, that is capable of 1.3 m/s2 (4.3 ft/s2) retardation with regeneration, allowing the braking power to be fed back to the overhead wires. In addition, there are disc brakes capable of 3.0 m/s2 (9.8 ft/s2). [14]

Except those with an advertising livery, the trams are painted a light blue. The first series was delivered with a deeper blue color than has been tradition with Oslo Sporveier trams, but all have since been repainted to match the standard livery. Prior to the delivery of the second series, a single tram was painted deep red to match the buses and the T1000 trains used on the Oslo Metro. Due to negative feedback from the riders, the historic color was kept. [5]

Related Research Articles

The Oslo tram network is the tram system in Oslo, Norway. It consists of six lines with 99 stops and has a daily ridership of 132,000. It is operated by Sporveien Trikken AS, a subsidiary of the municipally-owned Sporveien who maintain the track and 72 tram vehicles on contracts with the public transport authority Ruter. The system operates on standard gauge and uses 750 V DC overhead. Depot, workshops and headquarters are at Grefsen. There is also a depot at Holtet that is home to the technical company InfraPartner, which maintains the track for the tram and metro systems in Oslo, and a small office building for Oslo Sporveier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OS T1000</span> Oslo Metro rolling stock type

T1000 and T1300 were two rapid transit train classes used on Oslo Metro in Oslo, Norway. The 197 cars were built by Strømmens Verksted, Norsk Elektrisk & Brown Boveri and AEG between 1960 and 1981. They were the first metro trains used in Oslo, and had remained in active use until being replaced by OS MX3000 trains in 2007. Each car was equipped with a driver's cab at one or both ends and four motors, each with 98 kilowatts. The cars were 17 metres long, 3.2 metres wide and 3.65 metres tall. The trains used 750 V current, and were capable of 70 kilometres per hour. Signaling was provided through automatic train protection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oslo Sporveier</span>

AS Oslo Sporveier is a defunct municipal owned company responsible for public transport in Oslo, Norway. It was created in 1924 to take over the city's two private tram companies. In 1927 its started with bus transport, including from 1940 to 1968 trolleybuses. Since 1966 rapid transit and from 1985 water buses have also been operated by the company. It was split into two separate companies in 2006; Kollektivtransportproduksjon took over the operation while Oslo Public Transport Administration was responsible for buying the services, fare regulation and marketing. The latter merged into Ruter in 2008, when the Oslo Sporveier brand was discontinued.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OS MX3000</span> Electric multiple unit used on the Oslo Metro

MX3000 is an electric train used on Oslo Metro in Oslo, Norway. The multiple units are produced by Siemens Mobility, who started serial delivery in 2007. Seventy-eight three-car units were ordered by Sporveien, and five by Akershus County Municipality. They replaced the older T1000 and T1300 stock that was used on the Oslo Metro since 1966. By 2010, the last T1000 and T1300 trains had been retired and replaced by 83 three-car units. 32 additional sets were ordered, and the final train set was delivered in 2014, increasing the fleet to 115 units.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OS T2000</span> Former Oslo Metro rolling stock

T2000 was an electric train formerly used on the Oslo Metro of Oslo, Norway. Six double-car multiple units were built by Strømmens Verksted and AEG in 1994. Each was 18 metres (59 ft) long, and could carry 185 passengers, of which 60 could be seated in two compartments per car. The maximum speed was 100 km/h (62 mph). Bought by Oslo Sporveier, they were owned by Kollektivtransportproduksjon, and operated by Oslo T-banedrift.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lilleaker Line</span> Tram line in Oslo, Norway

The Lilleaker Line is a suburban tramway from Skøyen in Oslo westwards to Jar, Bærum in Norway. It is operated by Line 13 from Ljabru to Bekkestua of the Oslo Tramway, operated by Oslo Sporvognsdrift. The line continues on the Oslo Metro west of Jar as part of the Kolsås Line, and as a street tramway on the Oslo tramway system at Skøyen as the Skøyen Line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruter</span> Oslos public transport authority

Ruter AS is the public transport authority for Oslo and Akershus counties in Norway. Formally a limited company – 60% of its shares are owned by the Oslo county municipality and 40% by that of Viken – it is responsible for the administration, funding, and marketing of public transport in the two counties, including buses, the Oslo Metro, Oslo Trams, and ferry services. Ruter also holds agreements with Entur concerning the regulation of fares on local and regional train services operated within the two counties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SL95</span> Articulated tramcar class in Oslo, Norway

SL95 is a series of 32 low-floor, articulated trams operated on the Oslo Tramway. The series was built by Italian rail manufacturer Ansaldo/Firema, later known as AnsaldoBreda, and delivered between 1999 and 2004. Capacity for the eight-axle, three-section vehicles is 212 passengers, of which 88 can be seated. The name derives from being ordered in 1995. Original plans called for the delivery to be between 1997 and 1998. Delivery took many years due to a magnitude of technical flaws, including high noise levels, freezing during the winter and corrosion. The trams are 33.12 metres long, 2.6 metres wide and 3.62 metres tall. The aluminum vehicles weigh 64.98 tonnes and have a power output of 840 kilowatts (1,130 hp).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ekeberg Line</span> Light rail line, part of Oslo Tramway

The Ekeberg Line is a 6.6-kilometre (4.1 mi) long light rail line of the Oslo Tramway which runs from Oslo Hospital to Ljabru in Oslo, Norway. Operated by lines 13 and 19, it serves the area of Nordstrand and the neighborhoods of Ekeberg, Jomfrubråten, Bekkelaget and Ljan. The line is operated by Oslo Sporvognsdrift using SL79 and SL95 trams on contract with Ruter. The line itself is owned by Sporveien. At Oslo Hospital, the line connects to the Bjørvika Line, which runs to the city center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Briskeby Line</span> Line of the Oslo Tramway in Norway

The Briskeby Line is a line of the Oslo Tramway in Norway. It runs westwards from Jernbanetorget in the city center, passing through the neighborhoods of Briskeby and Uranienborg before reaching its terminus at Majorstuen. The section from Jernbanetorget to Inkognitogata is shared with the Skøyen Line; on this section it connects with the important transport hub Nationatheatret. This part is variously served by route 11, 12 and 13. From the Inkognitogata stop, the line moves through the residential areas around the Royal Palace, in the streets named Riddervolds gate, Briskebyveien, Holtegata and Bogstadveien. The part of the line in Bogstadveien from Majorstuen to Rosenborg is also served by route 19, which operates the Homansbyen Line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gullfisk</span> Norwegian tram class, in service 1937–1985

Class B and Class E, normally referred to as Gullfisk, were a class of 46 trams built by Strømmens Værksted and Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk for Oslo Sporveier and Bærumsbanen of Oslo, Norway, in 1937 and 1939. They were the first aluminium trams to operate on the Oslo Tramway and the first bogie trams to operate on street lines. They had contemporary modern electronic equipment, a streamlined shape, and comfortable accommodation. Until 1964, they were also faster than any other Norwegian tramcar or suburban railcar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinsen Line</span>

The Sinsen Line is part of the Oslo Tramway on the east side of the city. Most of the line is served by line 17, although the northernmost tip (Grefsen–Torshov) is served by line 18 which otherwise runs on the Grünerløkka–Torshov Line. Both services use SL95 articulated trams.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the Oslo Tramway and Metro</span> Aspect of history surrounding Oslo Tramway and Metro

The history of the Oslo Tramway and Oslo Metro in Oslo, Norway, starts in 1875, when Kristiania Sporveisselskab (KSS) opened two horsecar lines through the city centre. In 1894, Kristiania Elektriske Sporvei (KES) built the first electric street tramways, which ran west from the city centre. Within six years, all tramways were electric. The city council established Kristiania Kommunale Sporveie (KKS) in 1899, which built three lines before it was sold to KSS six years later. Both KSS and KES were taken over by the municipality in 1924, becoming Oslo Sporveier. The company gradually expanded the city tram network, which reached its peak length in 1939.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SM53</span>

SM53, originally designed MBO and colloquially known as Høka, were a class of 58 trams and 50 trailers built by Høka and Hägglund for Oslo Sporveier. The units were used on the Norway's Oslo Tramway from 1952 until 2000. The 14.7-meter long and 2.5-meter wide trams weighed 16.9 tonnes. They had four motors providing a combined power output of 180 kilowatts (240 hp), allowing for a top speed of 60 kilometers per hour (37 mph).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oslo Metro rolling stock</span> Rolling stock used in Oslo Metro

The rolling stock of Oslo Metro, Norway, has consisted of three classes: T1000/T1300, T2000 and MX3000. The T1000 was built as 162 single cars from 1964 to 1978. From 1979 to 1985, 33 new T1300 trains were built, followed by the conversion of 16 T1000s. Six two-car T2000 units were delivered in 1994. Since 2005, the first 83 three-car MX3000 units have been replacing the older stock, and the last T1000 was retired in 2007. From 2010, only MX3000-trains are in use. The T1000/T1300 and T2000 were built by Strømmens Værksted, with motors from Norsk Elektrisk & Brown Boveri (NEBB) and AEG, respectively, and the MX3000 were built by Siemens.

Dronningens gate is a tram stop of the Oslo Tramway. It is served by lines 11, 12 and 13. It is served with both SL79 and SL95 trams. Since autumn 2020, Line 13 does not operate at Jernbanetorget station. Dronningens gate is recommended instead, if you need to travel using line 13 to Lilleaker or Skøyen, and is also displayed on maps of the Jernbanetorget area, as Platform S & T. Westbound, the next station is Øvre Slottsgate, however Line 13, which operates on the Bjørvika Line separates from Line 11 and 12, which head northwards up to Jernbanetorget station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SL18</span> Articulated tramcar class in Oslo, Norway

The SL18(short for Sporvogn Ledd, commissioned in 2018) is a series of 87 low-floor, articulated trams currently being phased-in on the Oslo Tramway network. They will continue to be phased-in until 2024, when the last SL79s and SL95s are replaced. They were purchased from the Spanish tram manufacturer, CAF. The first one was shipped and unveiled at Grefsen depot in 2020, and regular operation begun in 2022. The entire purchase has a price of 4.2 billion krones. There is also a possibility of acquiring another 60 more trams from CAF.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grefsen Depot</span> Tram depot in Oslo

Grefsen Depot is a tram depot located next to the Grefsen station tram stop. Grefsen Depot is one of the only tramway depots in Oslo, along with the Holtet depot, which is near the Holtet tram stop. The depot currently stores SL79, SL95 and SL18 trams after the daily operating period ends. The depot has also formerly stored the Høka, the SM90 and the SM91 rolling-stock. The entire depot takes up approximately 15, 000 square metres. The depot has an office for Sporveien Trikken, as well as an association office for Oslo Sporveiers Arbeiderforening's Streetcar Club.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sandaker senter tram stop</span> Tram station in Oslo, Norway

Sandaker senter is a tram stop on the Grünerløkka–Torshov Line of the Oslo Tramway network. It is located in the borough of Sagene in Oslo, Norway. Sandaker senter is right next to the mall It is also located near Sagene Fire Station and a mill called Bjølsen Valsemølle. This mill was part of the former Grain Tram system, in which special trams transported grain from the silos at Vippetangen. They stopped transporting grain in 1967, after running for 49 years.

References

  1. 1 2 "Oslo-trikken får sin siste hvile. Nå skal den varme hjem og hytter i hele Norge". www.aftenposten.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  2. ↑ "Norge -> Sporvogner -> Oslo: SL79/I | Jernbane.net". Archived from the original on 2021-04-19. Retrieved 2021-11-07.
  3. 1 2 "Oslos nye trikker: Si hei til SL18! (Oslo's new trams: say hello to SL18!)". Fremtidens Byreise (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  4. 1 2 Eggesvik, Olav; Mellingsæter, Hanne. "Oslo skal kjøpe 87 Spania-trikker til mer enn fire milliarder (Oslo will purchase 87 Spanish trams for more than 4 billion NOK)". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 11 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Andersen, Bjørn (2008). "Oslos leddvogner 25 år". Lokaltrafikk (in Norwegian). 67: 4–8.
  6. ↑ Ensby, Anne Linn (22 November 2006). "T-baneprivatisering utsatt". Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
  7. ↑ "Sporveien hedrer trofast sliter". Sporveien (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  8. ↑ Kjelstrup, Karl Andreas (20 February 2017). "Denne trikken har kjørt 50 ganger rundt jorda". Nordre Aker Budstikke (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  9. ↑ "Hurra, trikken er i Oslo!". Fremtidens bereise (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  10. ↑ "Første Oslo-trikk kjørt til hugging". NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  11. ↑ Andersen, Bjørn (2000). "SL 95". Lokaltrafikk (in Norwegian). 43: 4–11.
  12. ↑ Andersen, Bjørn (2000). "SL95, en presentasjon". Lokaltrafikk (in Norwegian). 43: 4–10.
  13. ↑ Ruter (2009). "Rutehefte Trikk" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
  14. 1 2 3 Duewag (1982). Bybanevogn S79 (in Norwegian).
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