Salix caspica

Last updated

Salix caspica
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Salicaceae
Genus: Salix
Species:
S. caspica
Binomial name
Salix caspica
Synonyms [2]

Salix caspica is a plant from the willow genus ( Salix ) within the willow family (Salicaceae). The natural range extends from eastern European Russia to far western China.

Contents

Taxonomy

Salix caspica is a species from the section Helix in the genus of willows ( Salix ) within the willow family (Salicaceae). [3] [4] It was first published in 1788 by Peter Simon Pallas. [1] [5] The specific epithet 'caspica' refers to the distribution area along the Caspian Sea. [6]

The holotype was collected in the Ryn Desert and is housed in the Komarov Botanical Institute in St. Petersburg. [7]

It forms the natural hybrid S. × turgaiskensis E.L.Wolf with S. rosmarinifolia in Kazakhstan. [1] [8] It also hybridises with S. siberica, S. tenuijulis and S. viminalis sensu lato . [7]

Infraspecific variation

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Salix caspica is a large shrub with a height of up to 5 meters. The bark is gray. The bark of the relatively thin branches is yellowish and shiny. The buds are about 5 millimeters long and pointed. [5]

The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 3 to 5 millimeters long and glabrous. With a length of 5 to 8 centimeters and a width of 4 to 5 centimeters, the simple leaf blade is linear-lanceolate or linear with a wedge-shaped base, long, pointed and entire. Both sides of the leaf are the same color, initially slightly tomentose and later glabrous. The caducous stipules are linear. [5]

The number of chromosomes is 2n=38. [9]

Generative characteristics

The inflorescences are long, cylindrical, almost subsessile, terete, densely flowered catkins with deciduous, scale-like leaflets at the base. The inflorescence rachis is tomentose-hairy. The bracts are brownish, pilose-hairy with a blunt tip. Male flowers have two stamens, with their filaments fused to each other and downy-haired at the base, and with yellow anthers. Female flowers have a ovoid-conical, densely tomentose, subsessile ovary. The style is very short, the stigma is capitulate. The fruit is a brownish, pubescent capsule. [5]

Distribution

The natural range extends from the eastern European Russia in the northern Caucausus, Southern Federal District, Volga Federal District and the Ural Federal District, [2] eastwards to Kazakhstan, [2] [5] Turkmenistan, [2] and Iran, extending to Dauria, Mongolia [7] and the western part of the Chinese province of Xinjiang. [5]

Ecology

It grows in open forests along rivers in China, [5] elsewhere it grows along rivers in deserts and steppes in loose sandy soil or sand dunes with a high water table, and in mountain valleys up to 2,000 metres in altitude. It is also typically found in blow outs. It requires much light to grow. [7]

Salix caspica blooms before the leaves appear, in Xinjiang from April to May. The fruits ripen in Xinjiang in June. [5] In Russia it also flowers in May and fruits in June. [7]

Uses

Salix caspica is planted to stabilize slopes and sandy soils. Baskets and other wicker articles are woven from the branches. [5] It is considered an excellent species for this purpose, growing straight, thin, pliable stems to 2m or longer in a season. It was also grown as an ornamental plant in the Soviet Union. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Salix argyracea</i> Salix argyracea common name

Salix argyracea is a large shrub from the genus of willow (Salix) with up to 10 centimeters long leaf blades with a felty hairy and shiny underside. The natural range of the species is in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and China.


Salix capusii is a large shrub from the genus of the willow (Salix) with chestnut-brown branches and 4 to 5 centimeters long, gray-blue leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, and China.

Salix cathayana is a strongly branched shrub from the genus of the willow (Salix) with brown or gray-brown, young tomentose hairy branches. The leaf blades have lengths of 1.5 to 5.2 centimeters. The natural range of the species is in the north of China.

Salix balfouriana is a shrub or small tree from the genus of willow (Salix) with reddish black and tomentose hairy young twigs and up to 8 leaf blades, rarely 18 centimeters long. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix alatavica is a small shrub from the genus of willow (Salix). It is native to mountainous slopes in Asia, in Kazakhstan, southern Russia, Mongolia, and northern China.

Salix boseensis is a shrub from the genus of willow (Salix) with initially brownish, frosted and bare branches and 6 to 9 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix carmanica is a species of willow found in Iran, in Afghanistan, and in China where it is cultivated. It large shrub with blue-green bark and yellowish, drooping branches. The leaf blades reach lengths of 3 to 5 centimeters, with young shoots even more.

<i>Salix bhutanensis</i> Salix bhutanensis common name

Salix bhutanensis is a shrub or small tree from the genus of willow (Salix) found in Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet. It has young, densely brownish green tomentose hairy branches and 3 to 5.5 centimeters long leaf blades.

Salix chikungensis is a shrub in the willow genus Salix with tomentose hairy and later balding branches. The leaf blades have lengths of 6 to 8.5 centimeters. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix contortiapiculata is a tall shrub from the genus of willow (Salix) with 5 to 9 centimeter long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China.

<i>Salix cavaleriei</i> Salix cavaleriei common name

Salix cavaleriei is a large tree from the genus of willow (Salix) with a gray-brown, furrowed bark. The leaf blades have lengths of 4 to 11 centimetres. The natural range of the species is in China. It is planted for logging and for fastening embankments.

<i>Salix cheilophila</i> Salix cheilophila common name

Salix cheilophila is a shrub or small tree from the genus of willow (Salix) with initially tomentose hairy and later balding branches. The leaf blades have lengths of 2.5 to sometimes 6 centimeters. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix crenata is a cushion-shaped growing shrub from the genus of willow (Salix) with about 8 millimeter long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix delavayana is a shrub or small tree from the genus willow (Salix) with mostly 3 to 8 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in the south of China and in Tibet.

Salix dibapha is a shrub from the genus of willow (Salix) with mostly 4 to 6 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix dissa is a low shrub from the genus willow (Salix) with usually 1 to 3 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China.

Salix divergentistyla is a shrub or tree from the genus of willow (Salix) with mostly 3 to 4.5 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in Tibet.

Salix doii is a shrub from the genus of the willow (Salix) with mostly 3 to 4 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in Taiwan.

Salix donggouxianica is a shrub from the genus willow (Salix) with usually 3.5 to 4.5 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in the northeast of China.

Salix blakii is a willow (Salix) shrub with thin, brownish and bare branches and 4 to 8 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species extends from Southwest Asia to China.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Salix caspica". International Plant Names Index . The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Salix caspica Pall". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  3. ↑ "Salix caspica". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. 406511. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
  4. ↑ Cheng-fu Fang, Shi-dong Zhao, Alexei K. Skvortsov (1999): Salix Sect. Helix, in the Flora of China, Volume 4, P. 267. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis ISBN   0-915279-70-3
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cheng-fu Fang, Shi-dong Zhao, Alexei K. Skvortsov (1999): Salix caspica, in the Flora of China, Volume 4, P. 272. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis ISBN   0-915279-70-3
  6. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen. 3., vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN   3-937872-16-7, P. 99 (Nachdruck von 1996).
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nazarov, M. I. (1970) [1936]. Komarov, Vladimir Leontyevich (ed.). Flora of the U.S.S.R. Vol. 5. Translated by Landau, N. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations. pp. 123–124.
  8. ↑ "Salix × turgaiskensis". International Plant Names Index . The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  9. ↑ "Salix caspica". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden . Retrieved 1 December 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.