Save the Best for Last

Last updated

"Save the Best for Last"
Vanessa Williams - Save The Best For Last.JPG
Single by Vanessa Williams
from the album The Comfort Zone
B-side
  • "Freedom Dance" (US)
  • "2 of a Kind" (Europe)
ReleasedJanuary 14, 1992 (1992-01-14)
Genre
Length3:40
Label
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s) Keith Thomas
Vanessa Williams singles chronology
"The Comfort Zone"
(1991)		"Save the Best for Last"
(1992)		"Just for Tonight"
(1992)
Music video
"Save the Best for Last" on YouTube

"Save the Best for Last" is a song by American singer and actress Vanessa Williams, released in January 1992 as the third single from her second studio album, The Comfort Zone (1991). The song was written by Phil Galdston, Wendy Waldman, and Jon Lind. It is a ballad about a young female admirer of a single man who stands by and watches as the object of her desires goes through years of dating, before he finally unexpectedly decides to initiate a relationship with her. The lyrics' redemptive themes resonated with Williams' story, as she had put together a successful music career following her earlier Miss America resignation scandal. [1]

Contents

The song was a commercial and critical success. It topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for five weeks, [2] and was ranked fourth on Billboard 's Top 100 hits of 1992 list, becoming the biggest success of Williams' music career. ASCAP named it Song of the Year in 1992; it was nominated for the Grammy Award for Song of the Year, Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 1993. [3] There were produced two different music videos to promote the single.

Composition

The song is performed in the key of E♭ major with a tempo of 96 beats per minute in common time. Williams' vocals span from F3 to C5 in the song. [4] [5]

Commercial performance

The single was Williams's third number-one on the Soul singles chart and topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks in 1992. [2] "Save the Best for Last" was ranked fourth in the Billboard Top 100 hits of 1992, becoming the biggest success of Williams's music career. The song also went to number one on the US Adult Contemporary and R&B charts; it remained atop these charts for three weeks apiece. Internationally, the single reached number one in Australia and Canada, number two in Ireland, and number three in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. ASCAP named it as its Song of the Year, meaning it was performed more than any other song in 1992; it was nominated for the Grammy Award for Song of the Year and Record of the Year in 1993, losing to Eric Clapton's "Tears in Heaven" in both categories. [3]

Critical reception

Upon the release, Larry Flick from Billboard complimented the song as a "nicely orchestrated pop/soul ballad", remarking that it "proves that she is possibly best suited to such soothing fare, as her crystalline voice is caressed by soft and wafting strings. A beautiful offering from the excellent Comfort Zone collection." [6] Clark and DeVaney from Cashbox stated that it is "beautifully sung by Williams and tastefully produced and arranged by Keith Thomas." [7] In his album review, Arion Berger from Entertainment Weekly noted that the singer closes Act One "with the show-stopping happy tears" of "Save the Best for Last". [8] Dave Sholin from the Gavin Report constated that "every artist needs that "career record", and while Vanessa is by now accustomed to chart success, this effort takes her to a whole new level. It deserves to become her biggest hit to-date and it's well on the way with Top Ten status..." [9] Another editor, John Martinucci, felt that Williams "gives this beautiful ballad a simple and delicate presentation that'll lift any romantic spirit." [10]

A reviewer from The Orlando Sentinel described it as "a sophisticated ballad". [11] R. LaMont Jones Jr. from The Pittsburgh Press named it the album's "centerpiece", calling it "a real-life, down-to-earth song", that Barbra Streisand "will no doubt wish she had been given. But with Williams' soulful delivery, it's hard to imagine anyone doing it better." [12] Steve Pick from St. Louis Post-Dispatch said that "the first thing to notice is that Williams can really sing. I'm talking phrasing and dynamics that could stand up to fine jazz singers. Then, we realize that this is a nice little tune". [13] Jonathan Bernstein from Spin wrote, "Most triumphant of all the year's late bloomers, though, was Vanessa Williams. "Sometimes the snow comes down in June, sometimes the sun goes round the moon...." I tasted salt the first time I ever heard her "Save the Best for Last", and even now I still get a lump." [14] Mike Joyce from The Washington Post felt that the "reflective Wendy Waldman love song" is a more likely candidate for radio exposure. [15]

Retrospective response

In an 2021 retrospective review, Mark Chappelle from Albumism wrote, "In this sweet ditty, Williams observes a parade of bad love choices by a platonic partner before they finally fall in love with each other. Its sound and aesthetic proved perfect for every wedding reception, graduation, prom, and sentimental occasion." [16] AllMusic editor Michael Gallucci declared it as a "glorious ballad", adding that when she is "handed torch songs that emphasized her natural slow burn", Williams is a "genuinely sexy and capable performer." [17] Insider featured "Save the Best for Last" in their list of the "Best Songs from the '90s" in 2019, declaring it as "a gorgeous ballad", that "has stood the test of time." [18]

Music videos

There were produced two versions of the music video to promote the single. The original version of the music video, which primarily aired on MTV, was directed by Ralph Ziman. [19] It begins with Williams walking around in a winter landscape for the first few seconds, then intercuts between black-and-white footage of Williams singing in front of a dark curtain, an orchestra playing along to the blue-tinted footage as it is being projected on a screen, and Williams singing in a living room with candles, a fireplace and a sofa. A "behind the scenes" cut was also later made of the video, which primarily aired on VH1, predominantly zooming on the orchestra scenes and the blue-tinted footage of Williams as well as showcasing footage from the making of the video.

Usage in media

The song was used in the UK in a series of 1990s adverts for Bisto Best gravy granules. The adverts featured slow motion shots of gravy being poured over a roast dinner while the song played in the background. [20]

The track features in the closing credits of the 1994 film The Adventures Of Priscilla, Queen Of The Desert , showing a drag queen lip synching to the original recording. It is also on the film's original soundtrack album.

Track listings

Charts

Certifications

RegionCertification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA) [38] Platinum70,000^
United States (RIAA) [53] Gold500,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Release history

RegionDateFormat(s)Label(s)Ref.
United StatesJanuary 14, 1992
  • 7-inch vinyl
  • CD
  • cassette
[ citation needed ]
JapanFebruary 26, 1992Mini-CD Polydor [54]
United KingdomMarch 9, 1992
  • 7-inch vinyl
  • 12-inch vinyl
  • CD
  • cassette
 [55]

Covers

Other-language versions

The tune is the basis of the German-language song "Märchenland Gefühl" (literal translation: fairy tale-land feeling) and the Dutch-language song "Iets Heeft je Zachtjes Aangeraakt" (literal translation: something touched you softly), both by Belgian artist Dana Winner. Hong Kong cantopop singer Shirley Kwan also has a Cantonese cover version entitled "Why Us" (為何是我們). [58] [59]

See also

Related Research Articles

"Colors of the Wind" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz for Walt Disney Pictures' 33rd animated feature film, Pocahontas (1995). The film's theme song, "Colors of the Wind" was originally recorded by American singer and actress Judy Kuhn in her role as the singing voice of Pocahontas. A pop ballad, the song's lyrics are about animism and respecting nature, finding its roots in indigenous Native American culture, perspectives which have later been adopted in both transcendentalist literature and New Age spirituality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iris (song)</span> 1998 song by Goo Goo Dolls

"Iris" is a song by American alternative rock band Goo Goo Dolls. Originally written for the soundtrack of the 1998 film City of Angels, the song was later included on the band's sixth album, Dizzy Up the Girl, and released as a single on April 1, 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">I'll Be There (Jackson 5 song)</span> 1970 single by The Jackson 5

"I'll Be There" is the first single released from Third Album by The Jackson 5. It was written by Berry Gordy, Hal Davis, Bob West, and Willie Hutch.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Why (Annie Lennox song)</span> 1992 single by Annie Lennox

"Why" is the debut solo single of Scottish singer-songwriter Annie Lennox, released on 16 March 1992. It was taken from her debut solo album, Diva (1992), and reached number five in the United Kingdom. In the United States, "Why" peaked at number 34 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number six on the Adult Contemporary chart. It was also a big hit internationally, reaching number one in Italy and peaking within the top 10 in Belgium, Canada, Ireland and five other countries. Its music video was directed by Sophie Muller. Stereogum ranked "Why" number one on their list of "The 10 Best Annie Lennox Songs" in 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">(Everything I Do) I Do It for You</span> 1991 single by Bryan Adams

"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams. Written by Adams, Michael Kamen, and Robert John "Mutt" Lange, the power ballad was the lead single for both the soundtrack album from the 1991 film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves and Adams's sixth studio album, Waking Up the Neighbours (1991). The single was released on June 17, 1991, by A&M and the accompanying music video was directed by Julien Temple.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Love Bites (Def Leppard song)</span> 1988 single by Def Leppard

"Love Bites" is a song by English glam metal band Def Leppard from their album Hysteria. The power ballad is Def Leppard's only number-one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 and became a top-10 hit in Canada, Ireland, and New Zealand. On the UK Singles Chart, the track peaked at number 11.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Can You Feel the Love Tonight</span> 1994 song from Disneys The Lion King

"Can You Feel the Love Tonight" is a song from Disney's 1994 animated feature film The Lion King composed by English musician Elton John with lyrics by Tim Rice. Released as a single in May 1994, the song was a hit in the UK, peaking at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart, and achieved success in the United States, reaching number four on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was a number-one hit in Canada and France. At the 67th Academy Awards in March 1995, it won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. The same year, the song also won John the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. Completing a trifecta, the song also won a Golden Globe at the 52nd Golden Globe Awards held in 1995 for Best Song - Motion Picture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emotion (Samantha Sang song)</span> 1977 single by Samantha Sang

"Emotion" is a song written by Barry and Robin Gibb. It was first recorded by Australian singer Samantha Sang, whose version reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1978. The Bee Gees recorded their own version of the song in 1994 as part of an album called Love Songs, which was never released, but it was eventually included on their 2001 collection titled Their Greatest Hits: The Record. In 2001, "Emotion" was covered by the American R&B girl group Destiny's Child. Their version of the song was an international hit, reaching the top ten on the US Hot 100 chart and peaking in the top five on the UK Singles Chart. English singer Emma Bunton also covered the song on her 2019 album My Happy Place.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Where Do We Go from Here (Vanessa Williams song)</span> 1996 single by Vanessa Williams

"Where Do We Go from Here?" is a song by American actress and singer Vanessa Williams. Produced by David Foster, it was featured in the 1996 film Eraser, in which Williams co-stars with Arnold Schwarzenegger, though not included on its soundtrack album. The song would later appear on Williams' 1998 greatest hits album Greatest Hits: The First Ten Years. In the US, the single peaked at number 71 on the Billboard Hot 100 and climbed to number five on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart.

"(At Your Best) You Are Love" is a song by R&B group the Isley Brothers. It was originally released on their album Harvest for the World. The song was dedicated to their mother, Sally. Although not a single, the song was a radio hit in 1976, and later became a hit for R&B singer Aaliyah in 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foolish Games</span> 1997 single by Jewel

"Foolish Games" is a song by American singer-songwriter Jewel from her debut studio album, Pieces of You (1995). It was also the third single to be lifted from the Batman & Robin motion-picture soundtrack. Jewel re-recorded the single for the soundtrack to produce a more radio-friendly version, similar to her other singles "Who Will Save Your Soul" and "You Were Meant for Me". This version is shorter than the album version by one verse. The song details the frustration and agony of knowing that the intensity of one's love is not reciprocated by one's lover.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Are You That Somebody?</span> 1998 single by Aaliyah

"Are You That Somebody?" is a song recorded by American singer Aaliyah for the Dr. Dolittle soundtrack (1998). It was written by Static Major and Timbaland, with the latter producing it, in addition to performing a guest rap. It was sent to urban contemporary radio stations in the United States on May 26, 1998, by Blackground Records and Atlantic Records. Musically, it is an R&B, pop, and avant-funk song with hip hop influences. Its production also incorporates other instrumentals such as staccato guitars, beatboxing, and drum and bass. Lyrically, it is about the narrator (Aaliyah) keeping an intimate relationship a secret due to her celebrity status.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Running Back to You</span> 1991 single by Vanessa Williams

"Running Back to You" is the lead single from American singer and actress Vanessa Williams' second studio album, The Comfort Zone (1991). It features samples from The J.B.'s "The Grunt" (1970) and John Davis and the Monster Orchestra's "I Can't Stop" (1976).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Love Is (Vanessa Williams and Brian McKnight song)</span> 1993 single by Vanessa Williams & Brian McKnight

"Love Is" is the title of a 1993 duet written by Tonio K, Michael Caruso and John Keller, and originally recorded and released by American singer and actress Vanessa Williams and American R&B recording artist Brian McKnight. The single originally appeared on the soundtrack to the television drama series Beverly Hills, 90210; and was also used in the spin-off series Melrose Place. After this exposure, the song peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming McKnight's breakthrough hit and another hit for Williams. The song peaked at number one on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, where it spent three weeks at the summit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">To Be with You</span> 1991 single by Mr. Big

"To Be with You" is a song by American rock band Mr. Big, released in November 1991 as the second single from their second album, Lean into It (1991). The ballad reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks and topped the charts in 11 other countries, including Australia, Canada, Germany, and New Zealand.

<i>The Comfort Zone</i> (album) 1991 studio album by Vanessa Williams

The Comfort Zone is the second studio album by American singer and actress Vanessa Williams, released on August 20, 1991, by Mercury's Wing Records Label.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">I Can Love You Like That</span> 1995 song

"I Can Love You Like That" is a song written by Steve Diamond, Jennifer Kimball and Maribeth Derry, and recorded by American country music singer John Michael Montgomery. It was released in February 1995 as the first single from his self-titled CD (1995). The song reached the top of the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sometimes Love Just Ain't Enough</span> 1992 single by Patty Smyth and Don Henley

"Sometimes Love Just Ain't Enough" a duet between American singers Patty Smyth and Don Henley. The rock ballad was written by Smyth and Glen Burtnik and was released as a single in August 1992. It reached No. 1 in Canada, where it was the most successful single of 1992, and peaked at No. 2 in Ireland and on the US Billboard Hot 100.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Just for Tonight (Vanessa Williams song)</span> 1992 single by Vanessa Williams

"Just For Tonight" is the fourth single from Vanessa Williams' second studio album, The Comfort Zone (1991). The song was slightly remixed for the single and reached No. 2 on the US Adult Contemporary Charts. The single's B-side is "Whatever Happens", a song from her 1988 debut album The Right Stuff, while the CD single contains the previously unreleased song "Love Like This", which was later also to be included on the compilation album Love Songs (2004). The song is an R&B ballad and tells about a woman who wants to share one more night with her lover before their relationship ends.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Sweetest Days (song)</span> 1994 single by Vanessa Williams

"The Sweetest Days" is the first single from American singer Vanessa Williams' third studio album of the same name. The song was written by the same team who previously penned "Save the Best for Last" for Williams. The song was produced by Keith Thomas. It was released on October 18, 1994 by Wing Records. The single reached No. 18 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 3 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.

References

  1. ↑ "Vanessa Williams becomes first black Miss America". History Channel . Retrieved December 18, 2018.
  2. 1 2 Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004. Record Research. p. 627.
  3. 1 2 "Vanessa Williams". GRAMMY.com. March 17, 2014. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
  4. ↑ Galdston, Phil; Lind, Jon; Waldman, Wendy (March 17, 2008). "Vanessa Williams "Save the Best for Last" Sheet Music in Eb Major". Musicnotes. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  5. ↑ "Key & BPM for Save the Best for Last by Vanessa Williams". Tunebat. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  6. ↑ Flick, Larry (January 18, 1992). "Single Reviews" (PDF). Billboard . p. 77. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  7. ↑ Clark, Randy; DeVaney, Bryan (February 8, 1992). "Music Reviews: Singles" (PDF). Cashbox . p. 5. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  8. ↑ Berger, Arion (September 6, 1991). "The Comfort Zone". Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  9. ↑ Sholin, Dave (January 24, 1992). "Gavin Picks > Singles" (PDF). Gavin Report . No. 1889. p. 56. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  10. ↑ Martinucci, John (January 10, 1992). "Urban: New Releases" (PDF). Gavin Report . p. 21. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  11. ↑ "Williams Wins Chart Tiara". The Orlando Sentinel . March 20, 1992.
  12. ↑ Jones Jr., R. LaMont (September 26, 1991). "Recordings: "The Comfort Zone" Vanessa Williams". The Pittsburgh Press . p. 12. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  13. ↑ Pick, Steve. (December 10, 1993). "An Update On The MTV Singles Scene". St. Louis Post-Dispatch .
  14. ↑ Bernstein, Jonathan (December 1992). "The Year In Pop". Spin . p. 42. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  15. ↑ Joyce, Mike (September 22, 1991). "The Second Time Around: Carey, Williams and White". The Washington Post . p. G02.
  16. ↑ Chappelle, Mark (August 15, 2021). "Vanessa Williams' 'The Comfort Zone' Turns 30 — Anniversary Retrospective". Albumism. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  17. ↑ Gallucci, Michael. "Vanessa Williams - Greatest Hits: The First Ten Years". AllMusic . Retrieved March 21, 2020.
  18. ↑ "Best songs from the '90s". Insider . Retrieved March 21, 2020.[ permanent dead link ]
  19. ↑ "Vanessa Williams: Save the Best For Last". IMDb . Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  20. ↑ Ngcobo, Ndumiso (June 28, 2020). "Save the best for first, that's my motto". Sunday Times . South Africa. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  21. ↑ "Vanessa Williams – Save the Best for Last". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
  22. ↑ "Vanessa Williams – Save the Best for Last" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
  23. ↑ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 2116." RPM . Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  24. ↑ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 2097." RPM . Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  25. ↑ "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media . Vol. 9, no. 19. May 9, 1992. p. 33. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
  26. ↑ "European Dance Radio" (PDF). Music & Media . May 23, 1992. p. 40. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  27. ↑ "Vanessa Williams – Save the Best for Last" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  28. ↑ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Save the Best for Last". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  29. ↑ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 19, 1992" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  30. ↑ "Vanessa Williams – Save the Best for Last" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  31. ↑ "Vanessa Williams – Save the Best for Last". Top 40 Singles.
  32. ↑ "Vanessa Williams – Save the Best for Last". Singles Top 100.
  33. ↑ "Vanessa Williams – Save the Best for Last". Swiss Singles Chart.
  34. ↑ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  35. ↑ "Vanessa Williams Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  36. ↑ "Vanessa Williams Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  37. ↑ "Vanessa Williams Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  38. 1 2 "ARIA Top 50 Singles for 1992". ARIA . Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  39. ↑ "Jaaroverzichten 1992" (in Dutch). Ultratop . Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  40. ↑ "The RPM Top 100 Hit Tracks of 1992" (PDF). RPM . Vol. 56, no. 25. December 19, 1992. p. 8. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  41. ↑ "The RPM Top 100 Adult Contemporary tracks of 1992". RPM . Retrieved April 14, 2019– via Library and Archives Canada.
  42. ↑ "1992 Year-End Sales Charts" (PDF). Music & Media . Vol. 9, no. 51/52. December 19, 1992. p. 17. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
  43. ↑ "Top 100 Singles–Jahrescharts 1992" (in German). GfK Entertainment . Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  44. ↑ "Top 100–Jaaroverzicht van 1992". Dutch Top 40 . Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  45. ↑ "Jaaroverzichten – Single 1992" (in Dutch). MegaCharts . Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  46. ↑ "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 1992" (in German). Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  47. ↑ "Year End Charts: Top Singles". Music Week . January 16, 1993. p. 8.
  48. ↑ "Billboard Top 100 – 1992". Archived from the original on July 8, 2009. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
  49. ↑ "The Year in Music: Hot Adult Contemporary Singles & Tracks" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 52. December 26, 1992. p. YE-38. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  50. ↑ "The Year in Music: Hot R&B Singles" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 52. December 26, 1992. p. YE-28. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
  51. ↑ Lwin, Nanda. "Top 100 Singles of the 1990s". Jam!. Archived from the original on August 29, 2000. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  52. ↑ "1999 The Year in Music Totally '90s: Diary of a Decade – The listing of Top Pop Albums of the '90s & Hot 100 Singles of the '90s". Billboard . Vol. 111, no. 52. December 25, 1999. p. YE-20. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  53. ↑ "American single certifications – Vanessa Williams – Save the Best for Last". Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  54. ↑ "セイブ・ザ・ベスト・フォー・ラスト | ヴァネッサ・ウィリアムス" [Save the Best for Last | Vanessa Williams] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on October 18, 2023. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
  55. ↑ "New Releases: Singles". Music Week . March 7, 1992. p. 17.
  56. ↑ "5 Reasons Why Lifetime's Rubbish Biopic Failed to do Aaliyah Justice". NME . November 18, 2014.
  57. ↑ https://www.discogs.com/release/3814274-Laura-Blake-Save-The-Best-For-Last
  58. ↑ "關淑怡 - 戀一世的愛 - Love Is Forever - Releases". Discogs . Retrieved November 18, 2023. Year - 1991 - 為何是我們 - 3:36
  59. ↑ 為何是我們 (in Cantonese (Traditional Han script)). Universal Music Group. 1991. Retrieved November 18, 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.