Sida (plant)

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Sida
Starr 050419-6513 Sida fallax.jpg
ʻIlima ( Sida fallax )
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Malveae
Genus: Sida
L. [1]
Species

98-200+, see text

Synonyms

Pseudomalachra(K.Schum.) Monteiro

Sida is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. They are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, [2] especially in the Americas. [3] Plants of the genus may be known generally as fanpetals [1] or sidas. [4]

Contents

Description

These are annual or perennial herbs or shrubs growing up to 2m tall (6 feet). Most species have hairy herbage. The leaf blades are usually unlobed with serrated edges, but may be divided into lobes. They are borne on petioles and have stipules. Flowers are solitary or arranged in inflorescences of various forms. Each has five hairy sepals and five petals in shades of yellow, orange, or white. There are many stamens and a style divided into several branches. The fruit is a disc-shaped schizocarp up to 2 cm (3/4 inch) wide which is divided into five to 12 sections, each containing one seed. The pollens are spherical in shape.

Three pollen grains of a plant in genus Sida Pollen sida.jpg
Three pollen grains of a plant in genus Sida

[3] [4]

Ecology

Many Sida are attractive to butterflies and moths. Arrowleaf sida ( Sida rhombifolia ), for example, is a larval host for the tropical checkered skipper ( Pyrgus oileus ). [5]

The Sida golden mosaic virus and Sida golden yellow vein virus have been first isolated from Sida species; the former specifically from Sida santaremensis .

Etymology

The genus name Sida is from the Greek for "pomegranate or water lily". [4] Carl Linnaeus adopted the name from the writings of Theophrastus. [3]

Diversity

Sida has historically been a wastebasket taxon, including many plants that simply did not fit into other genera of the Malvaceae. Species have been continually reclassified. [2] The circumscription of Sida is still unclear, with no real agreement regarding how many species belong there. Over 1000 names have been placed in the genus, and many authorities accept about 150 to 250 valid names today. [2] Some sources accept as few as 98 species. [6] There are many plants recognized as Sida that have not yet been described to science. [7]

Sida rhombifolia Flickr - Joao de Deus Medeiros - Sida rhombifolia.jpg
Sida rhombifolia
Sida ciliaris Fringed Fanpetals (1002266948).jpg
Sida ciliaris
Sida linifolia Sida linifolia.jpg
Sida linifolia

Species include: [1] [6] [8]

Formerly placed here

Species now in other genera include: [8]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Sida cordifolia</i> Species of shrub

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<i>Sida rhombifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Sida rhombifolia, commonly known as arrowleaf sida, is a perennial or sometimes annual plant in the Family Malvaceae, native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. Other common names include rhombus-leaved sida, Paddy's lucerne, jelly leaf, and also somewhat confusingly as Cuban jute, Queensland-hemp, and Indian hemp. Synonyms include Malva rhombifolia. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine, where it is known as kurumthotti.

<i>Dodonaea</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Sida fallax</i> Species of plant

Sida fallax, known as yellow ilima or golden mallow, is a species of herbaceous flowering plant in the Hibiscus family, Malvaceae, indigenous to the Hawaiian Archipelago and other Pacific Islands. Plants may be erect or prostrate and are found in drier areas in sandy soils, often near the ocean. ʻIlima is the symbol of Laloimehani and is the flower for the islands of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi, and Abemama, Kiribati.

Wireweed may refer to several organisms, including:

<i>Lasiopetalum</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Malva sylvestris</i> Species of flowering plant

Malva sylvestris is a species of the mallow genus Malva in the family of Malvaceae and is considered to be the type species for the genus. Known as common mallow to English-speaking Europeans, it acquired the common names of cheeses, high mallow and tall mallow as it migrated from its native home in Western Europe, North Africa and Asia through the English-speaking world.

<i>Crocidosema plebejana</i> Species of moth

Crocidosema plebejana, the cotton tipworm, is a tortrix moth, belonging to tribe Eucosmini of subfamily Olethreutinae. It is found today all over the subtropical and tropical regions of the world and even occurs on many oceanic islands – in Polynesia and Saint Helena for example – but has probably been accidentally introduced to much of its current range by humans. In addition, it is also found in some cooler regions, e.g. in Europe except in the east and north; this is probably also not natural, as it was, for example, not recorded in the British Isles before 1900.

<i>Sida acuta</i> Species of flowering plant

Sida acuta, the common wireweed, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is believed to have originated in Central America, but today has a pantropical distribution and is considered a weed in some areas.

<i>Malvella</i> Genus of flowering plants

Malvella is a small genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. There are four species, one native to the Mediterranean, and three native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. The plants were formerly classified in genus Sida.

<i>Radyera</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Melochia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Melochia is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It comprises 54 species from the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, ranging from India eastwards through Malesia and the Pacific Islands to the Americas and the Caribbean.

<i>Sida hermaphrodita</i> Species of flowering plant

Sida hermaphrodita, known by the common names Virginia fanpetals and Virginia mallow, is a perennial forb native to the eastern United States, which produces white flowers in summer.

<i>Calligrapha pantherina</i> Species of beetle

Calligrapha pantherina, the sida leafbeetle, is a species of beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, endemic to Mexico. The larvae and adult beetles feed on the foliage of the common wireweed and the arrowleaf sida. This beetle has been introduced into Northern Australia as a biological control agent in an attempt to control its host plants, which are invasive weeds there.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Sida. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  2. 1 2 3 Shaheen, N., et al. (2009). Foliar epidermal anatomy and its systematic implication within the genus Sida L. (Malvaceae). African Journal of Biotechnology 8(20), 5328-36.
  3. 1 2 3 Sida. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 Sida. FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.
  5. Sida rhombifolia. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. University of Texas, Austin.
  6. 1 2 Sida. The Plant List.
  7. 1 2 Markey, A. S., et al. (2011). Sida picklesiana (Malvaceae), a new species from the Murchison-Gascoyne region of Western Australia. Nuytsia 21(3) 127-37.
  8. 1 2 GRIN Species Records of Sida. Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  9. "Sida ulmifolia - Species Details". Atlas of Florida Plants. Retrieved 2021-09-05.