Snow Hill Island Formation

Snow Hill Island Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian 71.2–70.8  Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Artist's reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of the Snow Hill Island Formation.
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Marambio Group
Sub-units	Gamma & Herbert Sound Members
Underlies	Lopez de Bertodano Formation
Overlies	Santa Marta Formation
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone
Other	Mudstone
Location
Coordinates	63°54′S57°54′W / 63.9°S 57.9°W / -63.9; -57.9
Approximate paleocoordinates	61°48′S68°30′W / 61.8°S 68.5°W / -61.8; -68.5
Region	James Ross Island, James Ross Island group
Country	Argentine Antarctica, British Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory
Geologic map of Seymour Island, Antarctica with Snow Hill Island Formation in dark green

The Snow Hill Island Formation is an Early Maastrichtian geologic formation found on James Ross Island, James Ross Island group, Antarctica. ^[1] Remains of a paravian theropod Imperobator antarcticus ^[2] have been recovered from it, as well as the elasmarian ornithopods Trinisaura santamartaensis, "Biscoveosaurus" and Morrosaurus antarcticus, the ankylosaurian Antarctopelta oliveroi, and the shark Notidanodon sp. Alongside these described genera are also the remains of indeterminate elasmosaurids, ^[3] lithostrotian titanosaurs and an indeterminate pterosaur. ^[4]

In the Herbert Sound Member of the Snow Hill Island Formation, bivalves, ammonites, and fish were found. ^[5]

Paleofauna

Invertebrates

Corals

Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Fungiacyathus	F. deltoidophorus	Karlsen Cliffs Member. [6]	Imprints	A Scleractinian Coral	Specimen of the same genus
Scleractinia	Unidentifiable	Karlsen Cliffs Member. [6]	Imprints

Arthropoda

Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Angarestia	A. australensis	East side of Leal Bluff	Specimens [7]	A Glypheidae lobster
Cristafrons	C. praescientis	East side of Leal Bluff	Specimens [7]	A Raninidae crab
Hadrocarcinus	H. wrighti	East side of Leal Bluff	Specimens [7]	A Necrocarcinidae crab
Hoploparia	H. stokesi	East side of Leal Bluff; Humps Island	Specimens [7]	A Clawed lobster

Mollusks

Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Cymatoceras	C. spp.	Santa Marta Cove	Shells [8]	A Nautilid
Diplomoceras	D. cylindraceum	Day Nunatak	Shells [8]	A Diplomoceratidae Ammonite	Reconstruction
	D. lambi	Day Nunatak; Cape Lamb	Shells [8]
Eutrephoceras	E. spp.	Day Nunatak	Shells [8]	A Nautilid
Gunnarites	G. antarcticus	Vega Island; Day Nunatak; Santa Marta Cove	Shells [4] [9] [8]	A Kossmaticeratidae Ammonite
Jacobites	J. crofti	Day Nunatak	Shells [8]	A Kossmaticeratidae Ammonite
Maorites	M. seymourianus	Day Nunatak; Al's Bird Site; Vega Island	Shells [8]	A Kossmaticeratidae Ammonite
Oistotrigonia	O. pygoscelium	Day Nunatak	Shells [8]	A Pterotrigoniidae bivalve
Pinna	P. frenexiae	Day Nunatak	Shells [8]	A Pinnidae bivalve	Extant specimen
	P. anderssoni	Day Nunatak	Shells [8]
Pseudophyllites	P. loryi	Day Nunatak	Shells [8]	A Tetragonitidae Ammonite
Struthiochenopus	S. hurleyi	Day Nunatak	Shells [8]	An Aporrhaidae gastropod

Vertebrates

Fish

Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Albuliformes	Indeterminate	Santa Marta Cove	Isolated vertebra, IAA-IRJ2000-24 [10]
Antarctichthys	A. longipectoralis	Santa Marta Cove	MN 7838-V, single and incomplete specimen [11]	A Dercetidae fish
Apateodus	cf. A. sp.	Santa Marta Cove	teeth [10]	Alepisauriformes fish
Callorhinchus	C. sp.	Santa Marta Cove	teeth [4] [12]	A Chimaera
	Cf. C. sp.	Cape Lamb	teeth [4] [12]
Centrophoroides	C. sp.	Santa Marta Cove	Teeth [4] [12]	A Squalidae shark
Chimaera	C. zangerli	Santa Marta Cove, James Ross Island.	Teeth [4]	A chimaera.	Extant member of the genus
Chlamydoselachus	C. thompsoni	Santa Marta Cove, James Ross Island.	Complete dentition. [10]	A frilled shark.	Extant member of the genus
Cretalamna	C. appendiculatta	Santa Marta Cove	Teeth. [12]	An Otodontidae shark
Edaphodon	E. snowhillensis	Herbert Sound Member. [13]	MLP 13- I-26-1, Complete dentition. [13]	A large species of chimaera.
Enchodus	E. sp.	Santa Marta Cove	IAA-IRJ2000-32, IAA-IRJ2000-33, teeth [10]	Enchodontidae fish	Restoration
Ichthyodectiformes	Indeterminate	Vega island	MLP 15-XI-7-11, body scale patch [4]
Lamniformes	Indeterminate	Santa Marta Cove	(IAA-IRJ2000-9 to IAA-IRJ2000-10, BAS DJ.172.11, teeth [10]
Notidanodon	N. dentatus	Santa Marta Cove; Vega Island	(MLP 95-IV-1), lateral tooth embedded in the hosting rock [4]	A cow shark.
	N. sp.	Santa Marta Cove [14]
Paraorthacodus	P. antarcticus	Santa Marta Cove	IAA-IRJ2000-19; BAS DJ.136.2, teeth [10]	A Synechodontiform
Rhinochimaeridae	Indeterminate	Santa Marta Cove	teeth [12]
Scapanorhynchus	S. spp.	Santa Marta Cove	IAA-IRJ2000-11 [10]	A Mitsukurinidae shark	Reconstruction
	Cf. S. sp.	Santa Marta Cove	teeth [4]
Sphenocephalidae	Indeterminate	False Island Point	DJ. 360.8, small, incomplete, and poorly-preserved specimen that lack its skull and the anterior part of the body. [4]
Sphenodus	S. sp.	Santa Marta Cove	IAA-IRJ2000-17 and IAA-IRJ2000-18, teeth [10]	An Orthacodontid
Squatina	S. cf.hassei	Santa Marta Cove	IAA-IRJ2000-10-IAA-IRJ2000-16 [10]	An Angelshark	Extant member of the genus

Pterosaurs

Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Pterodactyloidea	gen. et sp. Indet.	Camp Lamb, Vega Island.	MN 7801-V, a wing metacarpal IV. [15]	A pterosaur with an estimated wingspan of 4 to 5 meters. [15]

Dinosaurs

Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Antarcticavis	A. capelambensis [16]	Cape Lambe Member, Vega Island.	A partial skeleton (SDSM 78147) consists of two thoracic vertebrae, the sternum keel, the right coracoid and shoulder blade, the sternal part of the left coracoid, the right upper arm, parts of the left upper arm, the proximal right ulna, the proximal left ulna and radius (articulated), the proximal right carpometacarpus, the proximal left carpometacarpus, the distal left carpometacarpus, the synsacrum, the right and left thighs, the proximal right tibiotarsus, the right and left distal tibiotarsus, and the proximal right tarsometatarsus.	An avialan of uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Antarctopelta	A. oliveroi	Santa Marta Cove [17]	A partial skeleton (MLP 86-X-28-1) consists of three isolated teeth, part of the lower jaw with another tooth in situ, some other skull fragments, vertebrae of the neck, back, hips and tail, some shoulder and hip bones (scapula, ilium) a thigh bone (femur), foot and hand bones (five metapodials and two phalanges), and numerous pieces of armor. [17] [14]	A parankylosaur	Life restoration of Antarctopelta oliveroi
"Biscoveosaurus"	Indeterminate	Cape Lamb Member. [18] [19]	NHMUK PV R 36760, dentaries, teeth, a braincase, parts of the maxillae, forelimb elements, assorted vertebrae, and the pectoral girdle.	An ornithopod.
Elasmaria	Indeterminate	Santa Marta Cove	Two isolated ungual phalanges (MLP 07-III-2-1 and MLP 07-III-2-2) [4]
	Indeterminate	Fortress Hill	limb, foot [20]
	Indeterminate	Vega Island	BMNH BAS R.2450 [9]
Gaviiformes	Indeterminate	Vega Island	MLP 98-I-10-47: incomplete tarsometatarsus; MLP 98-I-10-50: incomplete right tarsometatarsus; MLP 98-I-10-51: proximal end of left femur [21]
Imperobator	I. antarcticus	Cape Lamb Member, Naze Peninsula. [22]	A single specimen that contains skull fragments possibly from the premaxilla, maxilla, and dentary as well as a caudal vertebra, teeth, and pedal elements, UCMP 276000. [20] [23]	A potential Unenlagiinae paravian	Imperobator as an Unenlagiid
Lithostrotia	Indeterminate	Loma Verde, near Santa Marta Cove	11-II-20-1, incomplete middle caudal vertebra [24]
Morrosaurus	M. antarcticus	Cape Lamb Member. [25]	Fragmentary right hind limb. [25]	An elasmarian ornithopod.	Life restoration of Morrosaurus antarcticus
Neornithes	Indeterminate	Vega Island	MLP 98-I-10-25, left tarsometatarsus [4]
Ornithurae	Indeterminate	Cape Lamb	AMNH FARB 30920, thoracic vertebra [26]
Theropoda	Indeterminate	Cape Lamb	MLP 15-I-7-2, isolated pedal phalax (digit III?) [4]
Trinisaura	T. santamartaensis	Santa Marta Cove, in the lower levels of the formation. [27]	MLP08-III-1-1, disarticulated and partial skeleton that includes one incomplete dorsal vertebra, three sacral centra, seven caudal vertebrae; two incomplete dorsal rib shafts, one proximal haemal arch, incomplete right scapulocoracoid, incomplete right humerus, two metacarpals, both ilia, right pubis, right ischium, right femur, right distal tibia, incomplete metatarsal III, first phalanx of pedal digit III, two phalanges of pedal digit IV, and indeterminate fragments.	An elasmarian ornithopod.	Life restoration of Trinisaura

Plesiosaurs

Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Aristonectinae	Indeterminate	Santa Marta Cove	SGO.PV.6579, fragmentary postcranial skeleton preserving eight fragmentary caudal centra, two articular propodial heads (likely femora), an epipodial (likely a fibula), ventral portion of the right ilium, partial left pubis, and several rib portions [28]		Vegasaurus
Elasmosauridae	Indeterminate	Monolithic Lake; Santa Marta Cove	"MLP 11-II-20-4, one cervical vertebra preserving a partial rib; MLP 86-X-28-3, two cervical vertebrae; MLP 86-X-28-(2–6), 10 posterior cervical vertebrae articulated with three pectoral vertebrae, part of two dorsal vertebrae, ribs, and indeterminate fragments." [29]
	Indeterminate	Santa Marta Cove	SGO.PV.6508, one isolated cervical vertebral centrum [28]
	Indeterminate	W Santa Marta Cove	MN 7820-V, four vertebral centra and fragments of another six centra [30]
	Indeterminate	Cape Lamb	MLP 98-I-10-20, an incomplete postcranial skeleton (juvenile) [31]
	Indeterminate	Vega Island	SDSM 78156 (a nearly complete, articulated torso, partial paddles, and neck and tail sections) [32]
Plesiosauria	Indeterminate	The Naze	DJ.355.140, half of large water-worn vertebra, either anterior trunk or distal cervical vertebra [33]
Plesiosauroidea	Indeterminate	The Naze; Cape Lamb	MLP 78-XI-1-2; MLP 78-XI-1-1, vertebrae and fragments [34]
Vegasaurus	V. molyi	Cape Lamb member, Vega Island.	MLP 93-I-5-1, postcranial skeleton preserving a complete cervical region with 54 cervical vertebrae, three pectoral vertebrae, 17 dorsal vertebrae, three sacral vertebrae, anterior and medial caudal vertebrae, pectoral and pelvic girdles, forelimbs and hind limbs, ribs, and gastroliths. [35]	A plesiosaur.
Weddellonectia	Indeterminate	Cape Lamb	MLP 15-I-7-6, partial skull comprising caudal half of pterygoids, basisphenoid, basioccipital, squamosal, exoccipitalopisthotic; cervical, dorsal, sacral and caudal centra; cervical and dorsal ribs, partially preserved coracoid, two partially preserved propodials. [36]
	Indeterminate	Cape Lamb	AMNH FARB 30877 is a largely articulated partial skeleton [37]

Mosasaurs

Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Liodon	L. sp.	Cape Lamb	Teeth [4]	A Mosasaur	Taniwhasaurus
	Cf. L. sp.	Cape Lamb	Teeth [4]
Mosasaurus	M. cf. M. lemonnieri	Cape Lamb	Teeth [4]	A Mosasaur
Plioplatecarpus	cf. P. sp.	Cape Lamb	MLP 93-I-3-5, small tooth [31]
Taniwhasaurus [38]	T. antarcticus	Santa Marta Cove; Al's Bird Site	IAA 2000-JR-FSM-1, containing a skull measuring 72 cm (28 in) long, teeth, some vertebrae, and rib fragments.	A tylosaur.
	cf. T. antarcticus	Al's Bird Site	MLP 93-I-3-7, a tooth crown [39]
Tylosaurinae	Indeterminate	Vega Island	Juvenile skull [40]

Plants

Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon		Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Local Environments were similar to Modern forested areas rich in Nothofagus

During the Campanian–Maastrichtian, the Antarctic Peninsula supported temperate, humid forests dominated by podocarps, araucarian conifers, and a diversifying group of angiosperms. Key angiosperm families included Nothofagaceae, Monimiaceae, Cunoniaceae, Proteaceae, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Atherospermataceae, Winteraceae, and extinct Sassafras -like forms. ^{[41] [42]} Another important group is Asteraceae, with Dasyphyllum -like pollen, the oldest fossils ever found for the family. ^[43] At The Naze area, Podocarpaceae- Nothofagus rainforests thriving in lowland areas under cool-temperate, frost-free, and high-rainfall conditions, with understories rich in other angiosperms and ferns. ^[44] Smaller components, likely endemic, included lycophytes, bryophytes, Proteaceae, Liliaceae, Palmae or Microthyriaceae, and various herbaceous or shrubby dicotyledons. ^[44] Forests were structurally similar to modern Valdivian temperate forests. These plants were primarily found in riparian floodplains, with bryophyte-lycophyte rich swamps and Chlorophyta-rich lake margins, while influence of marine waters can be seen by Dinoflagellates. The climate was highly humid and seasonal, as evidenced by distinct growth rings in Agathoxylon fossil wood from Lachman Crags and The Naze, indicating a temperate but variable environment. ^[44] The flora reflects a transition from gymnosperm-dominated to mixed angiosperm-conifer ecosystems under polar greenhouse conditions. ^{[41] [44]}

Pteridophytes, Lycophytes, and Bryophytes

Taxa	Species	Locality	Material	Notes	Images
Baculatisporites [42] [44]	B. comaumensis	Santa Marta Cove; The Naze	Spore	Osmundaceae
Biretisporites [44]	B. potoniaei	The Naze	Spore	Fern affinity
Calamospora [44]	sp.	The Naze	Spore	Equisetales
Camarozonosporites [44]	C. ohioensis	The Naze	Spore	Fern affinity
Ceratosporites [44]	C. equalis	The Naze	Spore	Fern affinity
Cyatheacidites [42] [44]	C. annulatus	Santa Marta Cove; The Naze	Spore	Dicksoniaceae ( Lophosoria )	Lophosoria
Cyatheacidites [44]	C. archangelskii	The Naze	Spore	Cyatheaceae
Cyathidites [42] [44]	C. australis	The Naze	Spore	Cyatheaceae	Cyathea
	C. minor	Santa Marta Cove; The Naze	Spore	Cyatheaceae ( Cyathea )
Deltoidospora [42]	sp.	Santa Marta Cove	Spore	Fern affinity
Densoisporites [44]	D. velatus	The Naze	Spore	Lycophyte affinity
Dictyotosporites [44]	D. speciosus	The Naze	Spore	Fern affinity
Echinosporis [42]	sp.	Santa Marta Cove	Spore	Fern affinity
Gleicheniidites [44]	G. circinidites	Santa Marta Cove	Spore	Gleicheniaceae (aff. Gleichenia )	Gleichenia
	G. senonicus	The Naze	Spore	Gleicheniaceae (aff. Gleichenia )
Herkosporites [44]	sp.	The Naze	Spore	Fern affinity
Ischyosporites [44]	I. volkheimeri	The Naze	Spore	Fern affinity
cf. Klukisporites [44]	K. scaberis	The Naze	Spore	Lygodiaceae
Laevigatosporites [44]	L. ovatus	Santa Marta Cove; The Naze	Spore	Polypodiaceae
Leiotriletes [42]	sp.	Santa Marta Cove	Spore	Fern affinity
Lycopodiumsporites [44]	L. eminulus	The Naze	Spore	Lycopodiaceae ( Lycopodium )
Millerocaulis [45]	M. santamartaensis	Santa Marta Cove	Fossil stem (hand specimens, slides)	Osmundaceae
Peromonolites [44]	P. bowenii	The Naze	Spore	Fern affinity
Perotrilites [44]	P. majus	The Naze	Spore	Fern affinity
Polypodiisporites [44]	P. favus	The Naze	Spore	Polypodiaceae
	sp.	The Naze	Spore	Polypodiaceae
Retitriletes [42]	R. austroclavatidites	Santa Marta Cove; The Naze	Spore	Lycopodiaceae ( Lycopodium )	Lycopodium
Stereisporites [42] [44]	S. antiquasporites	Santa Marta Cove; The Naze	Spore	Sphagnaceae (Moss)
Stereisporites [44]	S. regium	The Naze	Spore	Moss affinity
Todisporites [44]	T. major	The Naze	Spore	Fern affinity
	T. minor	The Naze	Spore	Fern affinity
Trilites [42] [44]	T. parvallatus	The Naze; Santa Marta Cove	Spore	Dicksoniaceae ( Dicksonia )	Dicksonia
	T. tuberculiformis	Santa Marta Cove	Spore
Triporoletes [44]	T. radiatus	The Naze	Spore	Fern affinity
Tuberculatosporites [44]	T. parvus	The Naze	Spore	Fern affinity
Verrucosisporites [42]	sp. 2	Santa Marta Cove	Spore	Fern affinity

Gymnosperms (Conifers)

Taxa	Species	Locality	Material	Notes	Images
Agathoxylon [46] [47] [48]	A. pseudoparenchymatosum	Seymour Island; Caleta Santa Marta	Wood	Araucariaceae
	A. arayai	Caleta Santa Marta; Byers Peninsula	Wood	Araucariaceae
Araucaria [49]	A. antarctica	Cape Lamb	Cone and wood	Araucariaceae	Extant representatives of the genus
Araucariacites [44] [48]	A. australis	Seymour Island; The Naze	Pollen	Araucariaceae
Cycadopites [48] [50]	spp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Cycadales
Dacrycarpites [44] [48]	D. australiensis	Seymour Island; The Naze	Pollen	Podocarpaceae ( Dacrycarpus )	Dacrycarpus
Dacrydiumites [48] [50]	spp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Podocarpaceae ( Dacrydium )
Dilwynites [44]	D. granulatus	The Naze	Pollen	Araucariaceae
Equisetosporites [44]	sp.	The Naze	Pollen	Ephedrales
Lygistepollenites [48] [50]	L. balmei	Seymour Island	Pollen	Podocarpaceae ( Dacrydium )	Dacrydium
Lygistepollenites [48] [50]	L. florinii	Seymour Island	Pollen	Podocarpaceae ( Dacrydium )
Microcachryidites [42] [44] [48]	M. antarcticus	Santa Marta Cove; Seymour Island; The Naze	Pollen	Podocarpaceae ( Microcachrys )	Microcachrys
Microcachryxylon [47]	M. gothani	Cerro Naze	Wood	Podocarpaceae
Phyllocladidites [42] [44] [48]	P. mawsonii	Santa Marta Cove; Seymour Island; The Naze	Pollen	Podocarpaceae ( Lagarostrobos )	Lagarostrobos
	spp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Podocarpaceae ( Phyllocladus )
Phyllocladoxylon [46] [48]	P. antarcticum	Seymour Island; Brandy Bay	Wood	Podocarpaceae
Podocarpidites [42] [44] [48]	P. elegans	Santa Marta Cove	Pollen	Podocarpaceae ( Podocarpus )	Podocarpus
	P. major	The Naze	Pollen	Podocarpaceae
	P. marwickii	The Naze	Pollen	Podocarpaceae
	P. microreticuloidata	Santa Marta Cove	Pollen	Podocarpaceae ( Podocarpus )
	P. otagoensis	The Naze	Pollen	Podocarpaceae
	P. rugulatus	The Naze	Pollen	Podocarpaceae
	P. verrucosus	The Naze	Pollen	Podocarpaceae
	spp.	Seymour Island; The Naze	Pollen	Podocarpaceae
Podocarpoxylon [47]	P. sp. 1	Caleta Santa Marta	Wood	Podocarpaceae
	P. sp. 2	Caleta Santa Marta	Wood	Podocarpaceae
	P. sp. 3	Caleta Santa Marta	Wood	Podocarpaceae
Podosporites [48] [50]	spp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Podocarpaceae ( Microcachrys / Microstrobos )	Pherosphaera
Trichotomosulcites [44] [48] [50]	T. subgranulatus	Seymour Island; The Naze	Pollen	Araucariaceae

Angiosperms

Taxa	Species	Locality	Material	Notes	Images
Amosopollis [44] [48] [50]	cruciformis	Seymour Island; The Naze	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
Anacolosidites [48] [50]	sp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Olacaceae
Battenipollis [44]	sectilis	The Naze	Pollen	Proteaceae
Clavatipollenites [48] [50]	sp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Chloranthaceae (cf. Ascarina )	Ascarina
Cranwellia [48] [50]	striata	Seymour Island	Pollen	Loranthaceae
Cranwellipollis [48] [50]	palisadus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae
	sp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae
Ericipites [44]	scabratus	The Naze	Pollen	Ericaceae
Eucryphiaceoxylon [51]	E. eucryphioides	Day Nunatak	Wood	Cunoniaceae
Forcipites [48] [50]	sabulosus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
	sp. cf. F. longus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
Gambierina [48] [50]	rudata	Seymour Island	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
Haloragacidites [48] [50]	harrisii	Seymour Island	Pollen	Casuarinaceae
Hedycaryoxylon [52]	tambourissoides	Eastern side of Lachman Crags	Wood	Monimiaceae (cf. Tambourissa )	Tambourissa
Illicioxylon [53]	tenuiradiatum	Lachman Crags	Wood	Illiciaceae
Ilexpollenites [48] [50]	sp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Aquifoliaceae
Lewalanipollis [48] [50]	senectus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae (cf. Persoonioideae, Proteoideae)
Liliacidites [44]	cf. kaitangataensis	Seymour Island	Pollen	Liliaceae
	spp.	The Naze	Pollen	Liliaceae
Longapertites [44]	sp.	The Naze	Pollen	Arecaceae
Longexylon [51]	L. oliveroi	Day Nunatak	Wood	Lauraceae
Monosulcites [44]	palisadus	The Naze	Pollen	Monocotyledonae
	spp.	The Naze	Pollen	Monocotyledonae
Myricipites [44]	harrisii	The Naze	Pollen	Myricaceae
Myrtaceidites [48] [50]	spp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Myrtaceae
Nothofagidites [48] [44] [50]	americanus	The Naze	Pollen	Nothofagaceae (cf. Nothofagus)	Extant Nothofagus specimen
	cf. lachlaniae	Seymour Island	Pollen	Nothofagaceae (cf. Nothofagus)
	cf. nanus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Nothofagaceae (cf. Nothofagus)
	dorotensis	Seymour Island; The Naze	Pollen	Nothofagaceae (cf. Nothofagus)
	saraensis	The Naze	Pollen	Nothofagaceae (cf. Nothofagus)
	senectus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Nothofagaceae (cf. Nothofagus)
	sp. 3	Seymour Island	Pollen	Nothofagaceae (cf. Nothofagus)
	spp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Nothofagaceae (cf. Nothofagus)
Nothofagoxylon [46]	N. scalariforme	Seymour Island	Wood	Nothofagaceae (Nothofagus)
Nothofagus [54]	N. "sp. 1"	Vega Island	Fossil leaves	Nothofagaceae
Peninsulapollis [44] [48] [50]	askiniae	The Naze	Pollen	Proteaceae
	gillii	Seymour Island; The Naze	Pollen	Proteaceae (cf. Beauprea )
	sp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae (cf. Beauprea )
	truswelliae	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae (cf. Beauprea ?)
Periporopollenites [48] [50]	polyoratus	The Naze	Pollen	Proteaceae
Polycolpites [48] [50]	langstonii	Seymour Island	Pollen	Pedaliaceae (cf. Josephinia)
Propylipolis [48] [50]	pseudomoides	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae (cf. Carnarvonia?)	Carnarvonia
	reticuloscabratus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae (cf. Grevilleoideae)
	sp. 1	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae
Propylipolis [48] [50]	sp. aff. P. amolosexinus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae
Proteacidites [44]	parvus	The Naze	Pollen	Proteaceae (cf. Bellendena montana)	Bellendena
	scaboratus	The Naze	Pollen	Proteaceae (cf. Bellendena montana)
	sp. 2	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae
	spp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae
	tenuiexinus	The Naze	Pollen	Proteaceae
Psilatricolporites [48] [50]	sp. C	Seymour Island	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
Quadraplanus [48] [50]	brossus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
Rousea [48] [50]	georgensis	Seymour Island	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
Simpsonipollis [48] [50]	sp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
Spinitricolpites [48] [50]	sp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
Stellidiopollis [48] [50]	annulatus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
	sp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
Striatricolporites [48] [50]	sp. D	Seymour Island	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
Tetracolporites [48] [50]	verrucosus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
Tricolpites [44]	confessus	The Naze	Pollen	Gunneraceae	Gunnera
	reticulatus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Gunneraceae (cf. Gunnera )
	sp. L	Seymour Island	Pollen	Gunneraceae
	pachyexinus	Seymour Island	Pollen	Gunneraceae
	sp. M	Seymour Island	Pollen	Gunneraceae
	spp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Gunneraceae
Triorites [44]	orbiculatus	The Naze	Pollen	Dicotyledonae
Triporopollenites [48] [50]	sectilis	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae
	spp.	Seymour Island	Pollen	Proteaceae
Tubulifloridites [43]	lilliei	Seymour Island	Pollen	Asteraceae (cf. Dasyphyllum )	Dasyphyllum
Winteroxylon [55]	jamesrossi	Eastern side of Lachman Crags	Wood	Winteraceae

See also

• Chorrillo Formation
• Dorotea Formation
• List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Antarctica
• List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
• Lopez de Bertodano Formation
• Sobral Formation
• South Polar region of the Cretaceous

References

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Bibliography

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Further reading

• D. Néraudeau, A. Crame, and M. Kooser. 2000. Upper Cretaceous echinoids from James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Géobios 33(4):455–466 doi : 10.1016/S0016-6995(00)80079-0
• R. A. Otero, S. Soto-Acuna, A. O. Vargas, D. Rubilar Rogers, R. E. Yury Yanez and C. S. Gutstein. 2013. Additions to the diversity of elasmosaurid plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica. Gondwana Research doi : 10.1016/j.gr.2013.07.016