Spondias pinnata

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Spondias pinnata
Spondias pinnata 01.JPG
Leaves
Spondias pinnata trunk.jpg
Trunk of specimen in Cat Tien National Park
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
Genus: Spondias
Species:
S. pinnata
Binomial name
Spondias pinnata
Synonyms
List
  • Spondias paniculata Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.
    Spondias mangifera Willd.
    Spondias macrophylla Wall.
    Spondias bivenomarginalisK.M. Feng & P.Y. Mao
    Spondias amara Lam.
    Spondias acuminata Roxb.
    Poupartia pinnata f. blanco
    Evia amara Comm. ex Bl.
    Mangifera pinnata L. f. [1]
    Tetrastigma megalocarpumW. T. Wang
    Wirtgenia decandra Jungh.

Spondias pinnata, sometimes also known as hog plum, is a species of tree with edible sour fruits. It is native to the Philippines and Indonesia, but has been widely naturalized in South Asia, Mainland Southeast Asia, Southern China, and the Solomon Islands. [2] [3] It belongs to the family Anacardiaceae. [4] [5] [6] This species, among several others, has sometimes called the "wild (or forest) mango" in other languages and was once placed in the genus Mangifera . It is found in lowlands and hill forests up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft). [2]

Contents

Description

Spondias pinnata is a deciduous tree, 10–15 metres (33–49 ft) tall (sometimes up to 25 metres (82 ft) in height); branchlets yellowish brown and glabrous. [2] The leaves are large, with pairs of leaflets (see illustration) on petioles that are 100–150 millimetres (3.9–5.9 in) and glabrous; leaf blades 300–400 millimetres (12–16 in), imparipinnately compound with 5-11 opposite leaflets; leaflet petiolule 3–5 millimetres (0.12–0.20 in); leaflet blade ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 70–120 millimetres (2.8–4.7 in) × 40–50 millimetres (1.6–2.0 in), papery, glabrous on both sides, with margins that are serrate or entire; the apex is acuminate, lateral veins 12-25 pairs.

The inflorescence is paniculate, terminal, 250–350 millimetres (9.8–13.8 in) and glabrous, with basal first order branches 100–150 millimetres (3.9–5.9 in). The flowers are mostly sessile and small, white and glabrous; calyx lobes are triangular, approx. 0.5 millimetres (0.020 in). Petals are ovate-oblong, approximately 2.5 by 1.5 millimetres (0.098 in × 0.059 in); stamens are approximately 1.5 millimetres (0.059 in).

The fruit is a drupe ellipsoid to elliptic-ovoid, olive green becoming yellowish orange at maturity, 35–50 millimetres (1.4–2.0 in) × 25–35 millimetres (0.98–1.38 in); inner part of endocarp woody and grooved, outer part fibrous; mature fruit usually have 2 or 3 seeds. In China, it flowers from April–June and fruits from August–September. [2]

Vernacular names

Spondias pinnata may be called in:

Uses

The fruits have a sour taste and can be eaten raw or made into jams, jellies, or juices. They can also be used as feed for pigs (hence the common name "hog plum"). [3]

In the Philippines, libas leaves and fruits are used as a souring agent in various native dishes like sinigang , sinanglay , or laing . [3]

In India, ambda pickle is made using quartered ambda fruits preserved in mustard oil, salt, and spices. Along with mango and chili pepper pickle, it is the most common type of pickle found in households in many parts of India.

Spondias pinnata specimens from Kerala, India:

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Mangifera</i> Genus of flowering plants in the cashew family

Mangifera is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It contains about 69 species, with the best-known being the common mango. The center of diversity of the genus is in the Malesian ecoregion of Southeast Asia, particularly in Sumatra, Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula. They are generally canopy trees in lowland rainforests, reaching a height of 30–40 m (98–131 ft).

<i>Averrhoa bilimbi</i> Species of tree

Averrhoa bilimbi is a fruit-bearing tree of the genus Averrhoa, family Oxalidaceae. It is believed to be originally native to the Maluku Islands of Indonesia but has naturalized and is common throughout Southeast Asia. It is cultivated in parts of tropical South Asia and the Americas. It bears edible extremely sour fruits. It is a close relative of the carambola tree.

<i>Averrhoa carambola</i> Species of tree

Averrhoa carambola is a species of tree in the family Oxalidaceae native to tropical Southeast Asia; it has a number of common names, including carambola, star fruit and five-corner. It is a small tree or shrub that grows 5 to 12 m tall, with rose to red-purple flowers. The flowers are small and bell-shaped, with five petals that have whitish edges. The flowers are often produced year round under tropical conditions. The tree is cultivated in tropical and semitropical regions for its edible fruits.

<i>Spondias</i> Genus of fruit trees

Spondias is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. The genus consists of 17 described species, 7 of which are native to the Neotropics and about 10 are native to tropical Asia. They are commonly named hog plums, Spanish plums, libas in Bikol and in some cases golden apples for their brightly colored fruit which resemble an apple or small plum at a casual glance. They are only distantly related to apple and plum trees, however. A more unequivocal common name is mombins.

<i>Spondias purpurea</i> Species of plant

Spondias purpura is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae, that is native to tropical regions of the Americas, from Mexico to northern Colombia and the southwest Caribbean Islands. It has also been introduced to and naturalized to other parts of the American tropics, Southeast Asia, and West Africa. It is commonly known as jocote, which derives from the Nahuatl word xocotl, meaning any kind of sour or acidic fruit. Other common names include red mombin, Spanish plum, purple mombin, Jamaica plum, and hog plum.

<i>Mangifera caesia</i> Species of fruit and plant

Mangifera caesia is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. Known in English as jack or white mango, among other names. It belongs to the same genus as the mango and is widely cultivated in areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines.

<i>Spondias mombin</i> Species of tree

Spondias mombin, also known as yellow mombin, hog plum, amra or cajazeira, is a species of tree and flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is native to the tropical Americas, including the West Indies. The tree was introduced by the Portuguese in South Asia in the beginning of the 17th century. It has been naturalized in parts of Africa, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, The Bahamas, Indonesia, and other Caribbean islands. It is rarely cultivated except in parts of the Brazilian Northeast.

Hog plum is a common name for several plants that produce edible fruit, and may refer to:

<i>Pleiogynium timoriense</i> Species of tree in the family Anacardiaceae

Pleiogynium timoriense, commonly known as the Burdekin plum, sweet plum, tulip plum, or in the Djabugay language guybalum, is a medium-sized fruit-bearing tree in the cashew and mango family Anacardiaceae native to Malesia, Australia and the Pacific Islands.

<i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Species of flowering plant

Hovenia dulcis, the Japanese raisin tree or oriental raisin tree, is a hardy tree found in Asia, from Eastern China and Korea to the Himalayas, growing preferably in a sunny position on moist sandy or loamy soils. The tree known for its health benefits when consumed in tea, introduced as an ornamental tree to several countries, also bears edible fruit. It is considered to be one of the most pervasive invaders in Brazilian subtropical forests.

<i>Spondias dulcis</i> Species of tree

Spondias dulcis, known commonly as June plum, is a tropical tree, with edible fruit containing a fibrous pit. In the English-speaking Caribbean it is typically known as golden apple and elsewhere in the Caribbean as pommecythere or cythere. In Polynesia it is known as vī.

<i>Cratoxylum formosum</i> Species of tree

Cratoxylum formosum is a species of flowering plant in the Hypericaceae family. Its commercial name in timber production is "mampat".

<i>Mangifera zeylanica</i> Species of tree

Mangifera zeylanica or "Sri Lanka wild mango" is a wild species of mango tree endemic to Sri Lanka. This stately tree is the tallest member of the mango genus, Mangifera, and one of the two tallest trees in the family Anacardiaceae. The mango fruits are edible and have an excellent taste. It is called "aetamba" (ඇටඹ) or "wal amba" in Sinhala and “kaddu-ma” in Tamil. The well-known British botanist and explorer Joseph Dalton Hooker first described the tree in 1876.

<i>Senegalia pennata</i> Species of legume

Senegalia pennata, is a species of plant which is native to South and Southeast Asia. It is a shrub or small tropical tree which grows up to 5 metres (16 ft) in height. Its leaves are bipinnate with linear-oblong and glabrous pinnules. Its yellowish flowers are terminal panicles with globose heads. The pods are thin, flat and long with thick sutures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pickled fruit</span> Fruit that has been preserved by anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar

Pickled fruit refers to fruit that has been pickled. Pickling is the process of food preservation by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar. Many types of fruit are pickled. Some examples include peaches, apples, crabapples, pears, plums, grapes, currants, tomatoes and olives. Vinegar may also be prepared from fruit, such as apple cider vinegar.

Garcinia binucao is a species of flowering plant in the Clusiaceae family. It is commonly known as binukaw or batuan, is a species of Garcinia endemic to the Philippines. It is not cultivated, though its edible fruits are harvested from the wild for use as a souring agent in some Filipino dishes.

Salix dissa is a low shrub from the genus willow (Salix) with usually 1 to 3 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China.

<i>Lannea acida</i> Species of plant

Lannea acida is a shrub or small deciduous tree within the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to the Guinea and Sudan savannas of West and Central Africa.

Zanthoxylum multijugum is a woody climber from the family Rutaceae.

References

  1. Suppl. Pl. 156. 1782
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Spondias pinnata". Flora of China. 11: 339. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Florido, Helen B.; Cortiguerra, Fe F. (2003). "Lesser Known Edible Tree Species" (PDF). Research Information Series on Ecosystems. 15 (3).
  4. Kurz, 1875 In: Prelim. Rep. For. et Veg. Pegu. Append. A. 44, app. B. 42
  5. Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2014). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  6. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World
  7. LETI, Mathieu, HUL Sovanmoly, Jean-Gabriel FOUCHÉ, CHENG Sun Kaing, Bruno DAVID, Flore photographique du Cambodge, Paris: Privat, 2013, p. 63.
  8. Heyne, Karel (1913). De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indië (in Dutch). Buitenzorg: Museum voor Economische Botanie. pp. 135–6.
  9. Klaus Wenk (1968). The restoration of Thailand under Rama I, 1782–1809. Association for Asian Studies/University of Arizona Press. p. 18.
  10. William Warren (2002). Bangkok. Reaktion Books. p. 13.