Tegillarca granosa

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Tegillarca granosa
Tegillarca granosa (MNHN-IM-2009-2370).jpeg
Shell of Tegillarca granosa (specimen at MNHN, Paris)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Arcida
Family: Arcidae
Genus: Tegillarca
Species:
T. granosa
Binomial name
Tegillarca granosa
Synonyms
  • Anadara bisenensisSchrenck & Reinhart, 1938
  • Anadara granosa(Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Anadara thackwayiIredale, 1927
  • Anomalocardia pulchellaDunker, 1868
  • Arca aculeataBruguière, 1789
  • Arca corbiculaGmelin, 1791
  • Arca corbulaDillwyn, 1817
  • Arca granosa(Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Arca granosa kamakuraensisNoda, 1966
  • Arca nodulosaLightfoot, 1786 (invalid: junior homonym of Arca nodulosaO. F. Müller, 1776)
  • Arca obessaKotaka, 1953
  • Tegillarca granosa bessalisIredale, 1939

Tegillarca granosa (also known as Anadara granosa [2] ) is a species of ark clam known as the blood cockle or blood clam due to the red haemoglobin liquid inside the soft tissues. It is found throughout the Indo-Pacific region from the eastern coast of South Africa northwards and eastwards to Southeast Asia, Australia, Polynesia, and up to northern Japan. It lives mainly in the intertidal zone at one to two metres water depth, burrowed down into sand or mud. Adult size is about 5 to 6 cm long and 4 to 5 cm wide. [3]

Contents

The meat of this bivalve is served steamed, boiled, roasted, or, traditionally, raw.

Anatomy

Human use

Aquaculture

The blood cockle is the main clam variety raised in the mud flats of Anhai Bay off Shuitou, Fujian. Anhai Bay - DSCF8875.JPG
The blood cockle is the main clam variety raised in the mud flats of Anhai Bay off Shuitou, Fujian.
Wild capture (blue) and aquaculture (green) production of blood cockle (Tegillarca granosa) in thousand tonnes from 1950 to 2022, as reported by the FAO Blood cockle total production thousand tonnes 1950-2022.svg
Wild capture (blue) and aquaculture (green) production of blood cockle (Tegillarca granosa) in thousand tonnes from 1950 to 2022, as reported by the FAO

It has a high economic value as food, and it is aquacultured. On the coast of Zhejiang Province alone, blood cockle plantations occupy around 145,000 mu (about 100 km2) of mudflats. [6] These clams are raised in the river estuaries of the neighboring Fujian Province as well. [4]

Culinary use

China

Blood cockles are commonly consumed in coastal China particularly in the Yangtze River region. [7]

Blood cockles are a common dish in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China Blood Cockles.jpg
Blood cockles are a common dish in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China

Korea

In Korea, blood cockles are called kkomak (꼬막) and are cooked and seasoned with soy sauce, chili powder, and sesame oil. [8]

Indonesia

In Indonesia, blood cockles (local: kerang darah) are quite popular food and are served as various dishes including boiled, deep fried or sauteed. [9]

Thailand

In Thailand, they are known as hoi kraeng (Thai : หอยแครง), presumably a corruption of the common Indonesian name. In Thai cuisine, they are usually boiled and eaten with a spicy and sour dipping sauce like other types of seafood. [10]

Safety

Some sources of blood cockle may not undergo the depuration process. Therefore, certain styles of preparation, such as the poaching commonly carried out in Shanghai, can leave many pathogens present. [11]

References

  1. ↑ "Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus, 1758)". World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  2. ↑ (pata de mula)SPECIES: Tegillarca granosa (Malaysian cockle)(Anadara granosa)
  3. ↑ Pathansali, D. (1966). Notes on the biology of the cockle, Anadara granosa L. Proc. Indo-Pacific Fish. Counc. 11:84-98
  4. 1 2 Ruǎn Jīnshān; Li Xiùzhū; Lín Kèbīng; Luō Dōnglián; Zhōu Chén; Cài Qīnghǎi (阮金山;李秀珠;林克冰;罗冬莲;周宸;蔡清海), 安海湾南岸滩涂养殖贝类死亡原因调查分析 (Analysis of the causes of death of farmed shellfish on the mudflats in the southern part of Anhai Bay), 《福建水产》 (Fujian Aquaculture), 2005-04
  5. ↑ "Fisheries and Aquaculture - Global Production". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  6. ↑ 泥蚶抗高氨氮、高硫化物家系选育 (Breeding mud cockle varieties resistant to high-nitrogen, high-sulfide environment). (The numbers are as of 2009)
  7. ↑ "Easy Chinese cockles recipe Chiu Chow style". SCMP Cooking | South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2025-04-29.
  8. ↑ Chung, Da-young (December 2015). "Cockles". KOREA. Vol. 11, no. 12. Korean Culture and Information Service. ISSN   2005-2162 . Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  9. ↑ "8 Resep olahan kerang dara paling enak, sehat, sederhana, dan praktis". 16 July 2020.
  10. ↑ Patamakanthin, Jom (2012). Fan Hoi Pan Tae (in Thai). Nonthaburi: Chaba-ngeon Publishing Company Limited. p. 108. ISBN   978-616904682-0.
  11. ↑ "Shanghai getting tougher on blood clam ban - People's Daily Online".
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