Littorinidae

Littorinidae
Two shells of the common periwinke Littorina littorea
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Littorinoidea
Family:	Littorinidae Children, 1834 [1]
Subfamilies
Littorininae Children, 1834 Lacuninae Gray, 1857 Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989
Diversity [2]
Two freshwater species and numerous marine species.

The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found worldwide. ^[3]

Names

In English-speaking countries, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the Neritidae, are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles" because they are small, round snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.

Taxonomy

These subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

• Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834 – synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
• Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 – synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
• Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989

Genera within the family Littorinidae include: ^[4]

Littorininae

• Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
• Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
• Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
• Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 – synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009; ^[5] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009 ^[5]
• Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 – 39 species
• Littorina Férussac, 1822 – 18 species – type genus
• Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885 ^[6]
• Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
• Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 – this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
  • Echinolittorina – 59 species worldwide
  • Austrolittorina – five species
  • Afrolittorina – four species
  • Nodilittorina s.s. – the monotypic subgenus ^[7]
• Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
• Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 – 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.

Lacuninae

• Bembicium Philippi, 1846
• Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869 ^{[6] [8]} – freshwater snails living in waterfalls. ^[2]
• Lacuna Turton, 1827 – synonym: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
• Pellilitorina Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
• Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902

Laevilitorininae

• Laevilacunaria Powell, 1951
• Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886

subfamily ?

• Algamorda Dall, 1918
• Macquariella Finlay, 1927 (?)
• Rissolitorina Ponder, 1966

Synonyms

• Corneolitorina Powell, 1951: synonym of Laevilitorina (Laevilitorina) Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 represented as Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
• Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria Dall, 1885
• Macquariella Finlay, 1926: synonym of Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
• Rissolittorina Ponder, 1966: synonym of Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886

References

1. Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
2. Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149–166. hdl : 10088/7390 doi : 10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
3. Tunnell, John W.; Andrews, Jean; Barrera, Noe C.; Moretzsohn, Fabio (15 July 2010). Encyclopedia of Texas Seashells: Identification, Ecology, Distribution, and History. Texas A&M University Press. p. 398. ISBN   978-1-60344-141-4.
4. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae
5. Reid, D. G. (2009). "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2184: 1–103. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2184.1.1.
6. (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA ^{[ permanent dead link ]}. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
7. S T Williams; D G Reid; D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 28 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID   12801472. Archived from the original on 5 October 2012.
8. Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.

• "Littorinidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
• Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN   0-00-216906-1

Further reading

David G. Reid; Suzanne T. Williams (2004). "The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. 56: 75–122. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393.