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Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, is a country in West Africa that covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi) with an estimated population of 2,026,778. It borders Senegal to its north and Guinea to its southeast.
The region now known as Guinea-Bissau has been inhabited for thousands of years. In the 13th century, it became a province of the Mali Empire that later became independent as the Empire of Kaabu. The region was claimed by Portugal beginning in the 1450s. During most of this period, Portuguese control of the region was limited to a number of forts along the coast. Portugal gained full control of the mainland after the pacification campaigns of 1912–15. The offshore Bijago islands were not colonised until 1936. After independence in 1974, the country was controlled by a single-party system until 1991. The introduction of multi-party politics in 1991 brought the first multi-party elections in 1994. A civil war broke out from 1998 to 1999.
Bissau is the capital and largest city of Guinea-Bissau. As of 2015, it had a population of 492,004. Bissau is located on the Geba River estuary, off the Atlantic Ocean, and is Guinea-Bissau's largest city, major port, its administrative and military center.
Portuguese Guinea, called the Overseas Province of Guinea from 1951 until 1972 and then State of Guinea from 1972 until 1974, was a West African colony of Portugal from 1588 until 10 September 1974, when it gained independence as Guinea-Bissau.
The Struggle Front for the National Independence of Guinea was a political movement in Guinea-Bissau. Founded by groups opposed to the Marxist doctrine of Amílcar Cabral and the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), FLING played a minor role in the national liberation struggle against Portuguese colonial rule.
Cacheu is a town in northwestern Guinea-Bissau lying on the Cacheu River, capital of the eponymous region. Its population was estimated to be 9,849 as of 2008.
Ernestina "Titina" Silá was a Bissau-Guinean revolutionary. Recruited into the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), while she was a young woman, she joined in the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence against the Portuguese Empire.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Luanda, Angola.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Conakry, Guinea.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bamako, Mali.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Niamey, Niger.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Libreville, Gabon.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lilongwe, Malawi.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Asmara, Eritrea. Asmara was under Italian colonial rule from 1889 until 1941.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bujumbura, Burundi.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kigali, Rwanda.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Beira, Mozambique.
References
- 1 2 "Guinea-Bissau". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. pp. 208–213. ISBN 0203409957.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Peter Karibe Mendy; Richard A. Lobban Jr. (2013). Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (4th ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-8027-6.
- 1 2 3 4 Young 2005.
- ↑ Milheiro 2009.
- ↑ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. pp. 171–184.
- ↑ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Guinea-Bissau". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo . Retrieved 15 September 2017.
- ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2005. United Nations Statistics Division.
- 1 2 "Guinea-Bissau: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 1857431839.
- ↑ "Rebels and Loyalists In Guinea-Bissau Exchange Shellfire", New York Times, 16 June 1998
- ↑ Cybriwsky 2013.
- ↑ Guinea-Bissau's president, army chief killed, Reuters, 2 March 2009
- ↑ Lydia Polgreen (11 March 2009), "2 slayings in West Africa may signal a new day", New York Times
- ↑ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.
- ↑ Bissau soldiers control capital in apparent coup, Reuters, 13 April 2012
