Timeline of Oran

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Oran, Algeria.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

• 903 CE – Ouahran founded by Andalusian Umayyad traders (traditional date). ^[1]
• 13th century – Zayyanids in power. ^[2]
• 1415 - Portugal captures Oran ^[3]
• 1492 – Andalusian refugees flee to Oran (approximate date). ^[2]
• 1509 – Spanish conquest. ^[2]
• 1556 – Siege of Oran (1556) by Ottoman forces.
• 1563 – Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir by Ottoman forces.
• 1604 – Fort Santa Cruz built.
• 1669 – Jews expelled. ^[1]
• 1708 – Algiers recaptures Oran. ^[4]
• 1732 – Spanish reconquest. ^[4]
• 1738 – Population: 9,000. ^[1]
• 1785 – Population: 12,000. ^[1]
• 1790 – October 9: 1790 Oran earthquake. ^{[4] [5]}
• 1791 – Algiers retakes Oran. ^[4]
• 1792 – Mosquée du Bey Mohamed el-Kébir  [ fr ] (mosque) built.
• 1794 – Plague outbreak. ^[1]
• 1796 – Hassan Pasha Mosque built. ^[1]

19th century

• 1831 – Pujol appointed mayor of Oran.
• 1834 – Treaty of Desmichel with the governor of French Algeria and Emir Abdelkader in Oran in secret from France who denied the treaty later.
• 1836 – General Létang transforms the glacis Castle-Nine into a walk which bears its name.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1837 – General Bugeaud arrived in Oran to negotiate a new treaty (The Treaty of Tafna, May 20) with Emir Abd El-Kader. On November 14 the Emir signed a treaty with Desmichel recognizing its [whose?] authority to the west of Algiers except for Oran, Mostaganem and Arzew.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1845 – General Lamoricière constructed the "Village Nègre." ^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1847 – Following a severe drought lasting several months, a terrible epidemic of cholera strikes, decimating the population of Oran.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1847 - January 1: 47,300 French people had come from Alsace, the Vosges, Dauphiné and the south of France at the same time as 31,000 Spaniards, 8,800 Maltese, 8,200 Italians and 8,600 Swiss and Germans who were believed to be the worst settlers.
• 1848
  • Algiers-Oran railway begins operating. ^[1]
  • Oran becomes the prefecture of the administrative department of the same name.
  • Creation of the small Basin of the Old Port (four hectares). ^[1]
  • A civil hospital is built.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1849 – Cholera outbreak. ^[1]
• 1850 – Chapelle de Santa Cruz  [ fr ] (church) construction begins atop Aïdour  [ fr ].
• 1851 - 30,258 inhabitants in Oran.
• 1858 – December 5: The members of the first general council of Oran, named by Emperor Napoleon III, meet with the prefecture, with Jules de Pre de Saint-Maur as chairman.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1862 – Slaughterhouse built. ^[1]
• 1865 - Napoleon III grants French nationality to Jews and Muslims. This decree was very frowned upon by the settlers and it was not until October 24, 1870 that the Crémieux decree actually allowed 37,000 Jews from Algeria to become citizens of France.
• 1866 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Oran established. ^[6]
• 1876 - 45,640 inhabitants in Oran.
• 1877 – University Hospital of Oran construction begins.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1878 – Société de Géographie et d’Archéologie d’Oran founded. ^[7]
• 1880
  • Great Synagogue of Oran built. ^[8]
  • Oran builds a great extension starting from the place d'Armes. The ravine of l'Oued Rouina is filled.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1881 – Horse-drawn tram begins operating. ^[1]
• 1885 – Municipal Museum of Oran and Demaeght established. 63,929 inhabitants in Oran.
• 1886 – Hôtel de ville d'Oran  [ fr ] (city hall) built. ^[9]
• 1899 – Electric tram begins operating. ^[1]
• 1900 – Population: 93,000. ^[1]

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1906 - Population: 101,009 inhabitants.
• 1907 – Construction of the theatre.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1909 – December 14: the first flight in Oran is carried out by Julien Serviès on a Sommer monoplane at Sénia,. Next 9 January, a great meeting gathers forty thousand people, also in Sénia, in the presence of Marshal Lyautey.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1911 - Population: 118,023 inhabitants.
• 1912 – Population: 123,086. ^[10]
• 1913 – Cathedral Sacré Coeur built.
• 1921 - Population: 138,212 inhabitants.
• 1926 - Population: 145,183 inhabitants.
• 1928 – Oran socialiste newspaper begins publication.
• 1930 – Creation of new districts, less dense and more luxurious: these included higher Gambetta, Bon Reception, the Beavers, Médioni, Small Boulanger, Cité... This development continues overall with the creation of districts even more sumptuous, overflowing the first crown (district of Saint-Hubert, Palm trees, Point of the Day, Gambetta...)^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1930–32 – Sénia, the Oran aérodrome, is where several world records of duration and distance in closed loop are established.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1931 - Population: 187,981.
• 1936 - Population: 217,819 inhabitants in Oran. On August 1, 1936, the French designer and couturier Yves Saint Laurent was born in Oran.
• 1936 - The number of Moroccans in the department of Oran is 19,902, of which 4,395 lived in the city of Oran.
• 1940
  • Beginning of the construction of the new prefecture.^{[ citation needed ]}
  • July 3: following the German invasion of Paris and fall of France, the British fleet attacked from Gibraltar, damaging the French fleet of the Atlantic based at Mers el Kébir. Its bombardment sank three battleships: Dunkerque, Provence and Bretagne. Twelve hundred French sailors died as a result. The British feared that the French fleet could be taken over and used against them. The Vichy government operated in Algeria.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1942 – November 8: as prelude to the invasion of Italy, the British and the Americans land at Arzew, and Oran capitulates on November 10.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1946 – MC Oran football club formed.
• 1947 – Camus' fictional novel The Plague published. ^[4]
• 1948 – Population: 244,594. ^[11]
• 1949 – OS attack post office. ^[12]

1950s–1990s

See also: Algerian War

• 1950 – Oran has 256,661 inhabitants. Sixty-five percent of the Europeans were of Spanish origin, and they outnumbered the Algerian Muslims in the city.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1951 – Dairy built. ^[1]
• 1955 – Trefle Apartments (hi-rise) built. ^[13]
• 1957 – Parc Municipal des Sports (stadium) opens.
• 1958 – June 6: French president de Gaulle visits city.
• 1960
  • Resistance fighters put up their first barricades.^{[ citation needed ]}
  • Palais des Sports Hamou Boutlélis (arena) opens.
• 1961
  • August: appearance of the Organisation armée secrète.^{[ citation needed ]}
  • The census states the population of Oran 400,000 inhabitants: 220,000 Europeans (including many born in Algeria) and 180,000 Algerian Muslims.
• 1962
  • 25 March: Edmond Jouhaud, a chief of the Organisation armée secrète, arrested.
  • 5 July: City becomes part of independent Algeria.
  • 5–7 July: Massacre of Europeans occurs. Most survivors of French ancestry left the city, fleeing to France.
• 1965 – University of Oran established. ^[4]
• 1966 – Population: 327,493. ^[14]
• 1975 – Abdallah Ibn Salam Mosque established.
• 1977 – Population: 490,788 city; 543,485 urban agglomeration. ^[15]
• 1985 – Raï music festival held. ^[16]
• 1988 – 1988 October Riots. ^[12]
• 1992 – National Centre of Research in Social and Cultural Anthropology headquartered in Oran.
• 1994
  • Le Quotidien d'Oran newspaper begins publication.
  • 12 administrative urban areas created: El-Badr, Bouamama, El-Emir, El-Hamri, El-Houari  [ es ], El-Makkari, El-Menzeh, Muhieddine, El-Othmania, Es-Saada, and Es-Seddikia.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1998 – Population: 705,335. ^[17]

21st century

• 2007 – Sonatrach HQ building constructed. ^[13]
• 2008
  • Bahia Center (hi-rise) built. ^{[13] (fr)}
  • Population: 1,165,687. ^[18]
• 2013 – Oran Tramway begins operating.
• 2014 – Renault car manufactory begins operating. ^[19]
• 2017 – 6 additional administrative urban areas created: Akid Lotfi, Ed-Derb, Fellaoucène, Hammou Boutlélis, El-Khaldia, and Mahieddine. ^{[20] [21]}
• 2021 – 2021 Mediterranean Games to be held in Oran.

See also

• Oran history
• History of Oran  [ fr ]
• List of governors of Oran, 1509–1831 (Spanish and Ottoman periods)
• List of mayors of Oran, 1832–present (includes French period)
• History of the Jews in Oran  [ fr ]
• Timelines of other cities in Algeria: Algiers
• Years in Algeria

References

1. Tinthoin 1956.
2. Stanley 2008.
3. Cazès, Maurice (1921). Le port d'Oran (in French). Muselli.
4. Phillip C. Naylor (2006). Historical Dictionary of Algeria. Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-6480-1.
5. J.M. López Marinas; R. Salord (1991). "Problems regarding the investigation of the 1790 Orán seismic period". Tectonophysics . 193 (1–3): 237–239. Bibcode:1991Tectp.193..237L. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(91)90204-6.
6. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Algeria". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo . Retrieved 19 July 2017.
7. Saddek Benkada (2000). "Un Patrimoine culturel: les publications de la Société de Géographie et d'Archéologie d'Oran (1878–1988)". Insaniyat (in French) (12): 115–128. doi: 10.4000/insaniyat.7910 . ISSN   2253-0738. S2CID   191135105.
8. Senhadji Khiat 2010.
9. Seguy 1888.
10. "France: Africa: Algeria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. pp. 880–886 – via Internet Archive.
11. "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
12. "Algeria". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. p. 1+. ISBN   978-0203409954.
13. "Tallest buildings in Oran". Emporis.com. Hamburg: Emporis GmbH. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
14. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
15. United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.{{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
16. Marc Schade-Poulsen (1999). Men and Popular Music in Algeria: The Social Significance of Raï. University of Texas Press. ISBN   978-0-292-77740-8.
17. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2005. United Nations Statistics Division.
18. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016. Wahran
19. "Algeria Inaugurates New Renault Plant in Oran", New York Times, 10 November 2014
20. "AG extraordinaire aujourd'hui: L'APC d'Oran passera de 12 à 18 délégations communales", Le Quotidien d'Oran (in French), Oran, 16 January 2017
21. "APC d'Oran: Installation de nouveaux directeurs", Le Carrefour d'Algérie (in French), Oran, 6 February 2017

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia and Spanish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

• Gerhard Rohlfs (1893). "Algier und Oran". Westermann's illustrierte deutsche Monatshefte  [ de ] (in German). 73. Braunschweig.

in English

• R. Lambert Playfair (1895), "City of Oran", Handbook for Travellers in Algeria and Tunis (5th ed.), London: J. Murray, OCLC   4443952
• "Oran", Cook's Practical Guide to Algiers, Algeria and Tunisia, London: T. Cook & Son, 1904
• "Oran", The Mediterranean: Seaports and Sea Routes, including Madeira, the Canary Islands, the Coast of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC   490068
• Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008), "Oran", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, US: ABC-CLIO, p. 289+, ISBN   9781576079201
• Joshua Schreier (2012). "Creation of the 'Israélite indigène' Jewish merchants in early colonial Oran". Journal of North African Studies. 17 (5): 757–772. doi:10.1080/13629387.2012.723428. ISSN   1362-9387. S2CID   144299440.
• Joshua Schreier. The Merchants of Oran: A Jewish Port at the Dawn of Empire. Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture Series.; Stanford Stanford University Press, 2017. 216 pp. , ISBN   978-0-8047-9914-0.
• Claire Marynower (2013). "Full place of power: interwar Oran, the French empire's bullring?". Journal of North African Studies. 18 (5): 690–702. doi:10.1080/13629387.2013.849895. S2CID   144391192.

in French

• G. Seguy (1888). "Oran". In Association française pour l'avancement des sciences (ed.). Oran et l'Algérie en 1887: notices historiques, scientifiques, & economiques (in French). Oran: Paul Perrier. pp. 19–78.
• Ch. Brossard, ed. (1906). "Oran: Description des villes: Oran". Colonies françaises. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France (in French). Paris: Flammarion. hdl:2027/mdp.39015005579753. (+ table of contents)
• Jean Cazenave (1926). "Oran cité berbère". Bulletin de la Société de Géographie et d'Archéologie d'Oran (in French). 46.
• René Lespès (1938). Oran: Etude de geographie et d'histoire urbaines (in French). Paris: Alcan.
• Camille Kehl (1942). Oran et l'Oranie avant l'occupation Française (in French). L. Fouque.
• Robert Tinthoin (1956). "Oran, ville moderne". L'Information géographique  [ fr ] (in French). 20. ISSN   1777-5876 – via Persee.fr.
• Andrée Dagorne (1995). "Oran, Métropole de l'Ouest algérien, d'hier à aujourd'hui". Cahiers de la Méditerranée  [ fr ] (in French). 51. ISSN   1773-0201 – via Persee.fr.
• Bendjelid, Abed; Hadeid, Mohamed; Messahel, Abdellah; Trache, Sidi Mohammed (2004). "Oran une ville d'Algérie". Insaniyat (in French) (23–24): 7–44. doi:10.4000/insaniyat.5340. ISSN   2253-0738.
  • Bibliography
• Dalila Senhadji Khiat (2010). "Les mosquées en Algérie ou l'espace reconquis: l'exemple d'Oran". L'Année du Maghreb (in French). 6: 291–303. doi: 10.4000/anneemaghreb.907 . ISSN   2109-9405 – via Revues.org.

External links

• "(Oran)". Directory of Open Access Journals . UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
• "(Oran, commune)" (in French). Aix-en-Provence: Centre de Documentation Historique sur l'Algérie. (Bibliography)
• "(Oran)" – via Qatar National Library, Qatar Digital Library. (Images, etc.)
• "(Oran)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
• "(Oran)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
• "(Oran)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa . Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 15 January 2019. (Bibliography)
• "(Oran)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
• "(Oran)". AfricaBib.org . (Bibliography)