Timeline of Zanzibar City

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The following is a timeline of the history of Zanzibar City, Unguja island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. The city is composed of Ng'ambo and Stone Town. Until recently it was known as Zanzibar Town.

Contents

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Prior to 19th century

19th century

20th century

21st century

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The modern-day African Great Lakes state of Tanzania dates formally from 1964, when it was formed out of the union of the much larger mainland territory of Tanganyika and the coastal archipelago of Zanzibar. The former was a colony and part of German East Africa from the 1880s to 1919’s when, under the League of Nations, it became a British mandate. It served as a British military outpost during World War II, providing financial help, munitions, and soldiers. In 1947, Tanganyika became a United Nations Trust Territory under British administration, a status it kept until its independence in 1961. The island of Zanzibar thrived as a trading hub, successively controlled by the Portuguese, the Sultanate of Oman, and then as a British protectorate by the end of the nineteenth century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zanzibar</span> Autonomous part of Tanzania

Zanzibar is an insular semi-autonomous province which united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. It is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 25–50 km (16–31 mi) off the coast of the African mainland, and consists of many small islands and two large ones: Unguja and Pemba Island. The capital is Zanzibar City, located on the island of Unguja. Its historic centre, Stone Town, is a World Heritage Site.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stone Town</span> Town in Zanzibar, Tanzania

Stonetown of Zanzibar, also known as Mji Mkongwe, is the old part of Zanzibar City, the main city of Zanzibar, in Tanzania. The newer portion of the city is known as Ng'ambo, Swahili for 'the other side'. Stone Town is located on the western coast of Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago. Former capital of the Zanzibar Sultanate, and flourishing centre of the spice trade as well as the slave trade in the 19th century, it retained its importance as the main city of Zanzibar during the period of the British protectorate. When Tanganyika and Zanzibar joined each other to form the United Republic of Tanzania, Zanzibar kept a semi-autonomous status, with Stone Town as its local government seat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty</span> 1890 British-German treaty

The Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty was an agreement signed on 1 July 1890 between Germany and the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kilwa Kisiwani</span> Island, hamlet and an archaeological Swahili city-state site of Lindi Region, Tanzania.

Kilwa Kisiwani is an island, national historic site, and hamlet community located in the township of Kilwa Masoko, the district seat of Kilwa District in the Tanzanian region of Lindi Region in southern Tanzania. Kilwa Kisiwani is the largest of the nine hamlets in the town Kilwa Masoko and is also the least populated hamlet in the township with less than 1,000 residents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wituland</span>

Wituland was a territory of approximately 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) in East Africa centered on the town of Witu just inland from Indian Ocean port of Lamu north of the mouth of the Tana River in what is now Kenya.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zanzibar Revolution</span> 1964 overthrow of the Sultan of Zanzibar

The Zanzibar Revolution occurred in January 1964 and led to the overthrow of the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government by the island's majority Black African population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swahili architecture</span> Building traditions of the eastern and southeastern coasts of Africa

Swahili architecture is a term used to designate a whole range of diverse building traditions practiced or once practiced along the eastern and southeastern coasts of Africa. Rather than simple derivatives of Islamic architecture from the Arabic world, Swahili stone architecture is a distinct local product as a result of evolving social and religious traditions, environmental changes, and urban development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zanzibar City</span> District of Mjini Magharibi Region, Tanzania

Zanzibar City or Mjini District, often simply referred to as Zanzibar is one of two administrative districts of Mjini Magharibi Region in Tanzania. The district covers an area of 15.4 km2 (5.9 sq mi). The district is comparable in size to the land area of Nauru. The district has a water border to the west by the Indian Ocean. The district is bordered to the east by Magharibi District. The district seat is located in Stonetown. The city is largest city on the island of Zanzibar. It is located on the west coast of Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago, north of the much larger city of Dar es Salaam across the Zanzibar Channel. The city also serves as the capital of the Zanzibar Urban/West Region. In 2012 its population was 223,033.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sultanate of Zanzibar</span> 1856–1964 monarchy in the Indian Ocean

The Sultanate of Zanzibar, also known as the Zanzibar Sultanate, was an East African Muslim state controlled by the Sultan of Zanzibar, in place between 1856 and 1964. The Sultanate's territories varied over time, and after a period of decline, the state had sovereignty over only the Zanzibar Archipelago and a 16-kilometre-wide (10 mi) strip along the Kenyan coast, with the interior of Kenya constituting the British Kenya Colony and the coastal strip administered as a de facto part of that colony.

People have lived in Zanzibar for 20,000 years. History properly starts when the islands became a base for traders voyaging between the African Great Lakes, the Somali Peninsula, the Arabian peninsula, Iran, and the Indian subcontinent. Unguja offered a protected and defensible harbor, so although the archipelago had few products of value, Omanis and Yemenis settled in what became Zanzibar City as a convenient point from which to trade with towns on the Swahili Coast. They established garrisons on the islands and built the first mosques in the African Great Lakes Region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tanganyika Territory</span> British mandate in Africa from 1919 to 1961

Tanganyika was a colonial territory in East Africa which was administered by the United Kingdom in various guises from 1916 until 1961. It was initially administered under a military occupation regime. From 20 July 1922, it was formalised into a League of Nations mandate under British rule. From 1946, it was administered by the UK as a United Nations trust territory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ng'ambo</span> Major part of Zanzibar City, Tanzania

Ng'ambo is one of the two main parts comprising Zanzibar City, the capital of Zanzibar, the other being the historical Stone Town. Ng'ambo is much larger and more modern than Stone Town, with office buildings and large apartment blocks, as well as slum areas. Ng'ambo and Stone Town are divided by Creek Road.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Makunduchi</span> Town and district capital of Kusini District in Unguja South Region of Tanzania

Makunduchi is a historic town and district capital in the Kusini District of the Unguja South Region in Tanzania. It is located inside the Kajengwa ward, and Mtegani ward, occupying Kiongoni neighboorhood, Nganani neighborhood and Kijini neighborhood. The town comprises two distinct settlements, about 2 km from each other, "Old Makunduchi" on the east and "New Makunduchi". Old Makunduchi is a small fishermen's village on the shore of the Indian Ocean with the Nganani mtaa (neighborhood), while New Makunduchi has some modern buildings, shops, as well as some blocks of flats that were built in the 1970s with the aid of East Germans inreturn for Tanzanian political support internationally. The town is also the birthplace and resting place for the 4th president of Zanzibar Idris Abdul Wakil. Makunduchi is also the birthplace of Samia Suluhu Hassan, the president of Tanzania. Other famous politicians for Makunduchi include Mohamed Gharib Bilal. Also famous novelist Muhammed Said Abdulla.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mombasa, Coast Province, Kenya.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Muscat, Oman.

Zanzibari independence is a political ambition of some political parties, advocacy groups, and individuals of Zanzibar, a semi-autonomous region territory within Tanzania, to become an independent sovereign state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oman–Tanzania relations</span> Bilateral relations

Oman – Tanzania relations entails the diplomatic relations between Oman and Tanzania. The Sultanate of Oman has one the oldest historical relationship with communities in Tanzania, namely in Zanzibar. Oman is the only country outside Africa where Swahili is spoken as first language and its people have blood relations with people of Tanzania.

References

  1. ↑ "Zanzibar". Islamic Cultural Heritage Database. Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from the original on 4 July 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Pearce 1920.
  3. 1 2 3 Petersen 1996.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Britannica 1910.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stanley 2008.
  6. ↑ Norman Robert Bennett (1973). "France and Zanzibar, 1844 to the 1860s". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 6 (4): 602–632. doi:10.2307/217223. JSTOR   217223.
  7. ↑ "36 Hours in Zanzibar, Tanzania", The New York Times, 1 May 2014
  8. ↑ M. Catharine Newbury (1983). "Colonialism, Ethnicity, and Rural Political Protest: Rwanda and Zanzibar in Comparative Perspective". Comparative Politics. 15 (3): 253–280. doi:10.2307/421681. JSTOR   421681.
  9. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Zanzibar (sultanate)"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 957–958.
  10. ↑ Frederick Cooper (1980), From slaves to squatters: plantation labor and agriculture in Zanzibar and coastal Kenya, 1890-1925 , p. 295 , New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN   0300024541
  11. ↑ Ethel Younghusband (1910), "Zanzibar (etc.)", Glimpses of East Africa and Zanzibar, London: J. Long, OCLC   4793682
  12. ↑ Africa Pilot. Washington DC: U.S. Navy. 1916.
  13. ↑ Karin Adahl and Mikael Ahlund, ed. (2000). "Tanzania". Islamic Art Collections: An International Survey. Curzon Press. ISBN   978-1-136-11362-8.
  14. ↑ Myers 1997.
  15. 1 2 3 ArchNet. "Zanzibar". MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012.
  16. ↑ Anthony Clayton (1976), 1948 Zanzibar General Strike, Sweden: Nordic Africa Institute – via International Relations and Security Network
  17. ↑ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
  18. ↑ Michael Lofchie (1963). "Party Conflict in Zanzibar". Journal of Modern African Studies. 1 (2): 185–207. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00001051. JSTOR   159028. S2CID   155020876.
  19. ↑ Roman Loimeier (2009). Between social skills and marketable skills: the politics of Islamic education in 20th century Zanzibar. Leiden: Brill. ISBN   9789004175426.
  20. 1 2 3 Myers 1994.
  21. ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
  22. 1 2 3 Siravo 1999.
  23. 1 2 "Eastern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  24. ↑ "Islamist riots threaten Zanzibar's stability". IRIN . United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 24 October 2012.
  25. ↑ Zanzibar acid attack, 9 August 2013, Daily Mirror
  26. ↑ Zanzibar mosque bombing kills one, wounds seven, Reuters, 14 June 2014

Bibliography

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