Timeline of Algiers

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Algiers, Algeria.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 16th century

• 3rd century BC – Yksm (Icosium) settled by Punics. ^[1]
• 146 BC – Icosium became part of the Roman Empire. ^[2]
• 371 AD – City raided by Firmus. ^[2]
• 5th century AD – Vandals in power.
• 7th century AD – Arabs in power.
• 960 – Algiers founded by Buluggin ibn Ziri. ^[3]
• 1014 – Hammadid dynasty in power. ^[4]
• 1018 – Djamaa el Kebir mosque built. ^[2]
• 1159 – Almohad Caliphate in power.
• 1313 – Ziyanids of the Kingdom of Tlemcen in power. ^[5]

16th–18th centuries

Algiers, ca.1690

• 1516
  • Capture of Algiers by Hayreddin Barbarossa and Aruj Barbarossa.
  • Kasbah construction begins. ^[6]
• 1518 – Harbour construction begins. ^[6]
• 1529 – Capture of Peñón of Algiers by Hayreddin Barbarossa. ^{[7] [2]}
• 1544 – Lighthouse built. ^[6]
• 1545 – Fort de l'Empereur built. ^[8]
• 1549 – Muslim hospital founded. ^[9]
• 1556 – Citadel built.
• 1581 – Fort Bab Azoun built. ^[10]
• 1612
  • Ketchaoua Mosque built. ^{[11] [12]}
  • Hospital of the Holy Trinity founded. ^[9]
• 1622 – Aqueducts ^[13] and Jama Bitchnin (mosque) built. ^[14]
• 1660 – Mosque of the Fishery built. ^{[14] [12]}
• 1661 – Tamentfoust Castle built.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1696 – Mosque of Sidi Abderrahman built. ^[14]
• 1769 – Dano–Algerian War begins. ^[15]
• 1775 – 8 July: Attempted invasion of Algiers by Spanish forces. ^[5]
• 1783 – 4–8 August: Bombardment of Algiers by Spanish forces.
• 1784 – 12 July: Bombardment of Algiers by Spanish-Neapolitan-Maltese-Portuguese forces.
• 1791 – Ketshawa Mosque built. ^[14]
• 1799 – Palais d'Hiver du Gouverneur built. ^[14]

19th century

• 1805 – 29 June: After the assassination of the head of the influential family, Busnach, the Janissaries sacked Algiers killing between 200 and 500 Jews. Causing serious unrest throughout the city. ^[2]
• 1816 – 27 August: Bombardment of Algiers by Anglo-Dutch forces. ^[2]
• 1817 – Kesba Berranee mosque built. ^[10]
• 1824 – Bombardment of Algiers by British forces.
• 1825 – Fort des Anglais built. ^[10]
• 1830 – June–July: Invasion of Algiers by French forces; the city becomes capital of French Algeria. ^{[5] [2]}
• 1832 – Jardin d'essai laid out.
• 1835 – National Library of Algeria founded.
• 1836 – Northern harbour construction begins. ^[6]
• 1847 – Jardin Marengo laid out. ^[14]
• 1866 – Boulevard de la Republique constructed. ^[10]
• 1870 – Holy Trinity church built. ^[6]
• 1872 – Notre-Dame d'Afrique church built. ^[11]
• 1878 – Church of St. Augustin built. ^[10]
• 1888 – Population: 56,000. ^[13]
• 1890 – Algiers Observatory built in Bouzaréah.
• 1897 – National Museum of Antiquities and Islamic Art relocates to Mustapha Superieur. ^[6]

• 
  Distinguished Moorish women, Algiers, 1899
• 
  Arabs disputing, Algiers, 1899
• 
  Arabs at a cafe, Algiers, 1899
• 
  Algiers – the embankment and Boulevard de la Republique 1894
• 
  Algiers – the new Mosque Djamaa, El-Djedid 1894
• 
  Algiers – depot and station grounds of Algerian Railway 1894

20th century

• 1904
  • Medersa opens. ^[14]
  • Southern harbour construction begins. ^[6]
• 1906 – Population: 138,240. ^[6]
• 1908
  • May: National Museum of Fine Arts of Algiers established.
  • Quai de la Marine extended. ^[14]
  • Cinema opens. ^[16]
• 1909 – Algiers 1 University founded. ^[17]
• 1910 – Grand Post Office built. ^[18]
• 1912 – Population: 172,397. ^[19]
• 1921 – Mouloudia Chaàbia d'Alger football club formed.
• 1924 – Maison Blanche Airport begins operating.
• 1928 – Bardo National Museum of Prehistory and Ethnography established.
• 1930 – Population: 246,061. ^[2]
• 1933 – Palais du Gouvernement built. ^[18]
• 1935 – Stade communal de Saint Eugène (sport stadium) built.
• 1942
  • May: Camus' novel L’Étranger published.
  • November: Conflict between Axis and Allied forces. ^[17]
• 1948 – Population: 266,165 city; 488,893 urban agglomeration. ^[20]

1950s–1980s

See also: Algerian War

• 1950 – Population: 516,000 (urban agglomeration). ^[21]
• 1952 – Aerohabitat housing complex built. ^[18]
• 1953 – Jacques Chevallier becomes mayor. ^[22]
• 1954
  • Anti-French unrest. ^[2]
  • Diar el Mahçoul housing development and 200 Colonnes housing complex built. ^{[18] [22]}
• 1956
  • 30 September: Battle of Algiers begins. ^[23]
  • National Liberation Front headquartered in city. ^[2]
• 1958 – May: Pro-French unrest. ^{[2] [23]}
• 1959 – Siemens branch in business. ^[24]
• 1960
  • January: Pro-French unrest. ^[25]
  • Population: 872,000 (urban agglomeration). ^[21]
• 1961 – April: Coup attempt. ^[26]
• 1962
  • City becomes capital of independent Algeria. ^[2]
  • 200,000 European residents depart. ^[27]
• 1963
  • Centre National d'Etudes et d'Analyses pour la Population et le Développement headquartered in city. ^[28]
  • Algerian National Theatre established. ^[29]
• 1966
  • Pontecorvo's film The Battle of Algiers released.
  • Population: 903,530 city; 943,142 urban agglomeration; ^[30] 1,648,038 metro. ^[2]
• 1969 – Pan-African Arts Festival held. ^[31]
• 1972 – 5 July 1962 Stadium opens.
• 1973 – September: International summit of the Non-Aligned Movement held in city.
• 1975 – Hotel El-Aurassi in business.
• 1977 – Population: 1,523,000 city; 1,740,461 urban agglomeration. ^[32]
• 1978 – July: All-Africa Games held.
• 1982 – Martyrs Memorial erected.
• 1985 – National Institute for Global Strategic Studies headquartered in city. ^[28]
• 1988 – October: Anti-government demonstrations. ^{[5] [7]}

1990s

See also: Timeline of the Algerian Civil War

• 1990
  • March: African Cup of Nations held.
  • Population: 1,819,000 (urban agglomeration). ^[21]
• 1991 – Political unrest. ^[5]
• 1992
  • August: Algiers airport bombing.
  • Casbah of Algiers designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site. ^[11]
• 1994
  • 24 December: Air France Flight 8969 hijacked at Algiers Airport. ^[26]
  • National Library of Algeria building inaugurated.
• 1997 – Algiers Stock Exchange established.
• 1998 – Population: 2,988,145.
• 2000
  • L'Expression  [ fr ] newspaper begins publication.
  • Population: 2,278,000 (urban agglomeration). ^[21]

21st century

• 2001
  • Flood. ^[33]
  • Algeria Cinema opens. ^[34]
• 2003 – 21 May: The 6.8 M_w  Boumerdès earthquake affected northern Algeria with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). With at least 400 killed in Algiers alone, more than 2,200 people were killed altogether, and a moderate tsunami sank boats located near Spain's Balearic Islands.
• 2004 – September–October: 2004 Pan Arab Games held.
• 2007
  • Museum of Modern Art of Algiers inaugurated.
  • April: Bombings. ^[33]
  • July: All-Africa Games held.
  • 11 December: Bombings.
• 2008
  • Centre Commercial Al Qods shopping mall opens.
  • Population: 2,712,944. ^[35]
• 2009 – Centre Commercial Bab Ezzouar built.
• 2010 – Protests.
• 2011
  • Protests.
  • Algiers Metro and Algiers tramway begin operating. ^[33]
  • Population: 2,916,000 (urban agglomeration). ^[21]
• 2018 – African Youth Games to be held in Algiers.

See also

• Algiers history
• List of Pashas and Deys of Algiers (Regency of Algiers)
• List of mayors of Algiers, 1830–present (includes French period)
• History of Algeria
• Years in Algeria
• Timeline of Algeria  [ fr ]
• Timelines of other cities in Algeria: Oran

References

1. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) (1 October 2006), "Icosium", Brill’s New Pauly, Brill, retrieved 25 August 2023
2. Brown 2008.
3. Hsain Ilahiane (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen). Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-6490-0.
4. Huebner, Jeff (1996). "Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad (M'sila, Algeria)". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. 36–39. ISBN   978-1-884964-03-9.
5. "Algeria". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. p. 1. ISBN   0203409957.
6. Britannica 1910.
7. Christelow 2004.
8. Lorenz 1922.
9. Friedman 1980.
10. Cook 1904.
11. "Algiers". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN   978-0-19-530991-1.
12. ArchNet. "(Algiers)" . Retrieved 30 September 2014.
13. Appleton 1888.
14. Baedeker 1911.
15. "Krigen mod Algier". natmus.dk (in Danish). National Museum of Denmark.
16. Viola Shafik (2007). Arab Cinema: History and Cultural Identity. American University in Cairo Press. ISBN   978-9774160653.
17. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Algiers", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 44, OL   6112221M
18. Cohen 2006.
19. "France: Africa: Algeria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. pp. 880–886 – via Internet Archive.
20. "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
21. The State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 10 September 2015. ISBN   978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
22. Çelik 1997.
23. Christopher Hitchens (November 2006). "Chronology of the Algerian War of Independence". The Atlantic .
24. "Siemens in Algeria: History Timeline". Munich: Siemens. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
25. Muriel E. Chamberlain (1998). "Chronology of Decolonisation: the French Empire: Africa: Algeria". Longman Companion to European Decolonisation in the Twentieth Century. Routledge. pp. 158+. ISBN   978-1-317-89744-6.
26. "Some key dates in Franco-Algerian relations". Reuters. 29 November 2007. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016.
27. Eichler 1977.
28. "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network . Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich . Retrieved 30 September 2014.
29. Martin Banham, ed. (2004), History of Theatre in Africa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
30. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
31. Martin Banham, ed. (1995), Cambridge Guide to Theatre , Cambridge University Press, ISBN   9780521434379
32. United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.{{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
33. "Algeria Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 12 July 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
34. "Movie Theaters in Algiers". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
35. "Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

Bibliography

in English

Published in 18th–19th centuries

• J. Morgan (1728), "The Antiquity, Names, Revolutions and Situation of the City of Algiers", A Complete History of Algiers, London: Printed for the author, by J. Bettenham, OCLC   3343218
• James Wilson Stevens (1797), An Historical and Geographical Account of Algiers, Philadelphia: Printed by Hogan & M'Elroy, OL   7239367M
• Abraham Rees (1819), "Algiers", The Cycloppædia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
• William Shaler (1826), "City of Algiers", Sketches of Algiers, Political, Historical, and Civil, Boston: Cummings, Hilliard and Company
• David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Algiers". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood. hdl:2027/mdp.39015082314801 – via Hathi Trust.
• Josiah Conder (1830), "City of Algiers", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
• Josiah Conder (1830), "(Algiers)", Africa, Dictionary of Geography, Ancient and Modern, London: T. Tegg
• Edward William Lewis Davies (1858), Algiers in 1857, Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts, OL   20463583M
• Samuel Sullivan Cox (1870), Search for Winter Sunbeams in the Riviera, Corsica, Algiers and Spain, New York: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC   1022285, OL   6944535M
• Lisbeth Gooch Seguin (1878), Walks in Algiers and its Surroundings, London: Daldy, Isbister & Co., OL   23405512M
• "Algiers", Appleton's European Guide Book, New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1888
• Noah Brooks (1895), "Algiers", The Mediterranean Trip, C. Scribner's Sons, OCLC   1315401
• R. Lambert Playfair (1895), "City of Algiers", Handbook for Travellers in Algeria and Tunis (5th ed.), London: J. Murray, OCLC   4443952
• Leo Africanus; John Pory (1896), "Alger", in Robert Brown (ed.), History and Description of Africa, vol. 2, London: Hakluyt Society, OCLC   2649691

Published in 20th century

• "Algiers", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
• T. G. Bonney; et al. (1904), "Algiers", The Mediterranean, its Storied Cities and Venerable Ruins, New York: J. Pott
• Cook's Practical Guide to Algiers, Algeria and Tunisia, London: T. Cook & Son, 1904
• "Algiers"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 1 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 653–655.
• "Algiers", The Mediterranean, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC   490068
• "Alger". Encyclopaedia of Islam. E.J. Brill. 1913. p. 256+. ISBN   9004082654.
• D.E. Lorenz (1922), "Algiers", The New Mediterranean Traveller: A Handbook of Practical Information (7th ed.), F.H. Revell Company
• Gert Eichler (1977). "From Colonialism to National Independence: Algiers' Social Ecology". GeoJournal. 1 (5): 5–12. doi:10.1007/BF00188881. JSTOR   41142033. S2CID   143917804.
• Ellen G. Friedman (1980). "Trinitarian Hospitals in Algiers: An Early Example of Health Care for Prisoners of War". Catholic Historical Review. 66 (4): 551–564. JSTOR   25020912. PMID   11631798.
• Zeynep Çelik (scholar) (1997). Urban Forms and Colonial Confrontations: Algiers Under French Rule. Berkeley: University of California Press – via UC Press E-Books Collection.

Published in 21st century

• Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Algiers, Algeria". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN   0415234794.
• Allen Christelow (2004). "Algiers". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Routledge. pp. 66–67. ISBN   978-1-135-45670-2.
• Karim Hadjri, Mohamed Osmani (2004). "Spatial development and urban transformation of colonial and postcolonial Algiers". In Yasser Elsheshtawy (ed.). Planning Middle Eastern Cities: An Urban Kaleidoscope. Routledge. p. 29. ISBN   978-1-134-41010-1.
• Jean-Louis Cohen (2006). "Architectural History and the Colonial Question: Casablanca, Algiers and Beyond". Architectural History. 49. ISSN   0066-622X.
• C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Algiers". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 22. ISBN   978-9004153882.
• Kenneth Brown (2008), "Algiers", in Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper (eds.), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 29, ISBN   9781576079201
• Shiela Crane (2008). "Architecture at the ends of empire: urban reflections between Algiers and Marseille". In Gyan Prakash and Kevin Michael Kruse (ed.). Spaces of the Modern City: Imaginaries, Politics, and Everyday Life. Princeton University Press. p. 99. ISBN   978-0-691-13343-0.
• Attilio Petruccioli (2008). "Algiers: the Colonial City". In Salma K. Jayyusi; et al. (eds.). The City in the Islamic World. Koninklijke Brill. p. 993+. ISBN   978-90-04-16240-2.
• Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009). "Algiers". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. p. 33. ISBN   978-1-4381-1025-7.
• "Algiers". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. p. 52. ISBN   978-0-19-530991-1.

in French

• Ch. Brossard, ed. (1906). "Algerie: Description des villes: Algers". Colonies françaises. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France (in French). Paris: Flammarion. hdl:2027/mdp.39015005579753. (+ table of contents)
• Rachid Sidi Boumedine (2002). "Alger, la complexité d'une métropole". Cahiers de la Méditerranée  [ fr ] (in French). 64– via Revues.org.
• Nora Semmoud (2003). "Les mutations de la morphologie socio-spatiale algéroise" [Transformation of Algiers urban morphology]. Annales de géographie (in French). 112– via Persee.fr.

External links

• "(Algiers)". Directory of Open Access Journals . UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
• "(Algiers)" – via Qatar National Library, Qatar Digital Library. (Images, etc.)
• "(Algiers)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
• "(Algiers)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
• "(Algiers)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa . Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 14 January 2019. (Bibliography)
• "(Algiers)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
• "(Algiers)". AfricaBib.org . (Bibliography)
• "Algiers". BlackPast.org . United States. 30 August 2011.