Timeline of Nouakchott

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nouakchott, Mauritania.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

20th century

• 1903 - French military outpost built. ^[1]
• 1908 - Military outpost abandoned. ^[1]
• 1929 - French military outpost reactivated. ^[1]
• 1952 - Rosso-Nouakchott highway constructed. ^[2]
• 1958:
  • Nouakchott site designated new capital of Mauritania; building of city begins. ^{[1] [3]}
  • Radio de Mauritanie begins broadcasting. ^[4]
• 1960:
  • Capital of newly independent Mauritania moved to Nouakchott from Saint Louis.
  • AS Garde Nationale (football club) formed.
  • Palais de Justice (courthouse) built.
• 1961:
  • National Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies built. ^[1]
  • Population: 5,807. ^[5]
• 1965 - Population: 15,000 (estimate). ^[6]
• 1966 - National School of Administration built. ^[1]
• 1968 - Racial unrest. ^[1]
• 1970:
  • École normale supérieure de Nouakchott  [ fr ] (school) founded.
  • Population: 25,000. ^[7]
• 1973 - ASC Police (football club) formed.
• 1974:
  • Refugees from drought settle in Ksar Gadid. ^[7]
  • 5th and 6th arrondissements created. ^[5]
• 1975:
  • 25 miles of city streets were paved. Streetlights were installed and bus service started. ^[7]
  • Convention center constructed near city. ^[7]
  • Population: 104,054 (of which 54,000 living in shanty towns). ^[5]
• 1976:
  • June: City besieged by guerrilla Polisario Front forces. ^[1]
  • Espoirs Nouakchott  [ es ] football club formed.
• 1977:
  • July: City besieged by guerrilla Polisario Front forces again. ^[1]
  • Population: 134,704 (of which 81,467 living in shanty towns). ^[5]
• 1978:
  • Coup d'état. Overthrow of long-time President Moktar Ould Daddah. ^{[1] [8]}
  • ACS Ksar (football club) formed.
• 1979 - ASAC Concorde (football club) formed.
• 1980 - ASC Nasr Zem Zem (football club) formed.
• 1981:
  • Coup attempted and suppressed. ^{[1] [9]}
  • University of Nouakchott established.
  • National Archives, and National Library built. ^[1]
  • Population: at least 232,000. ^[5]
• 1983 - Stade Olympique (stadium) opens.
• 1984 - Coup d'état. Overthrow of President Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla. ^{[1] [10]}
• 1986 - Friendship Port of Nouakchott opens. ^[3]
• 1987 - Racial unrest. ^[1]
• 1988 - Population: 393,325. ^[3]
• 1989 - Curfew imposed in city after regional ethnic unrest. ^[1]
• 1991 - 1 June: Windstorm. ^[11]
• 1994 - Le Calame newspaper begins publication. ^[4]
• 1995:
  • "Bread riot" occurs. ^[1]
  • Al-Akhbar and Nouakchott Info newspapers begin publication. ^[4]
• 1996 - Coup attempted and suppressed. ^[1]
• 1999 - Grands moulins de Mauritanie  [ fr ] in business.
• 2000 - Population: 558,195. ^[12]

21st century

• 2003 - June: Coup attempted and completely suppressed after two days of heavy fighting. ^{[13] [14]}
• 2004 - Plague of locusts. ^[1]
• 2005:
  • June: Anti-government protest. ^[1]
  • 3 August: 2005 Mauritanian coup d'état. Overthrow of long-time President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya. ^{[1] [15]}
• 2008 - Population: 846,871 (estimate). ^[16]
• 2011:
  • January: 2011–12 Mauritanian protests begin.
  • 2 February: "Al Qaeda suspects killed in a car blast." ^[17]
  • École supérieure polytechnique de Nouakchott  [ fr ] (school) established.
• 2012 - 12 July: Airplane crash occurs at Nouakchott International Airport.
• 2013 - Population: 958,399. ^[18]
• 2014:
  • March: Protest over Holy Koran desecration. ^[19]
  • Maty Mint Hamady becomes mayor of the city.
  • Administrative regions Nouakchott-Nord, Nouakchott-Ouest, and Nouakchott-Sud created.
• 2016:
  • Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport opens, Nouakchott International Airport closes.
  • June: 2016 Arab League summit held in Nouakchott.

See also

• Nouakchott history (de)

References

1. Pratt 2008.
2. Sweco; Nordic Consulting Group (2003), Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links (PDF), vol. 2: Description of Corridors, African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
3. Anthony G. Pazzanita (2008). Historical Dictionary of Mauritania (3rd ed.). United States: Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-6265-4.
4. "Mauritania: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN   9781857431315. ISSN   0065-3896.
5. Theunynck 1983.
6. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
7. John Darnton (23 November 1976), "Thriving Capital Filling the Void In Mauritania", New York Times
8. "Mauritanian President Overthrown in Military Coup". Washington Post. 2023-12-21. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2024-02-20.
9. Ap (1981-03-17). "MAURITANIA REPORTS IT HAS FOILED AN ATTEMPTED COUP BY 2 EXILES". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2024-02-20.
10. "LE COUP D'ÉTAT EN MAURITANIE Le colonel Taya : un nationaliste intègre et compétent". Le Monde.fr (in French). 1984-12-14. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
11. "Winds in Mauritania Kill 4", New York Times, 2 June 1991
12. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2005. United Nations Statistics Division.
13. "Mauritania profile: Timeline". BBC News . Retrieved 17 September 2017.
14. "Mauritanian Leader Under Fire". Washington Post. 2024-01-26. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2024-02-20.
15. "I'll Be Back, Vows Ousted Mauritanian Leader". Arab News. 2005-08-09. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
16. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.
17. Al Qaeda suspects killed in Mauritania car blast, Reuters, 2 February 2011
18. "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
19. "Mauritania's Nouackchott hit by protest over Koran", BBC News, 3 March 2014

Bibliography

in English

• Serge Theunynck (1983), Brian Brace Taylor (ed.), "A Sterilizing Capital: Nouakchott", Reading the Contemporary African City, Singapore – via ArchNet
• Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Nouakchott, Mauritania". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN   0415234794.
• Nicola Pratt (2008), "Nouakchott", in Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper (eds.), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, ISBN   9781576079195
• Christian Vium (11 February 2016), "Eye of the drought: high and dry in the Sahara – in pictures", Guardian, UK (Photos of Nouakchott)
• "'The best solution? Move the Mauritanian capital': water on the rise in Nouakchott", Guardian, UK, 25 July 2016

in French

• Jean-Robert Pitte [in French] (1977), Nouakchott, capitale de la Mauritanie (in French), Université de Paris IV
• Isyakha Diagana (1993). Croissance urbaine et dynamique spatiale à Nouakchott (PhD) (in French). Lumière University Lyon 2.
• Philippe Tanguy (2003). "L'urbanisation irrégulière à Nouakchott: 1960-2000". Insaniyat (in French). 22. Algeria: Centre de recherche en anthropologie sociale et culturelle. ISSN   2253-0738 – via Revues.org.
• Armelle Choplin (2006). "Le foncier urbain en Afrique: entre informel et rationnel, l'exemple de Nouakchott (Mauritanie)" [Urban land in Africa: between the informal and the rational, the Nouakchott case]. Annales de géographie (in French). 115 (647): 69–91. doi:10.3406/geo.2006.21315. S2CID   192197599 – via Persee.fr.
• Anne-Marie Frérot (2006). "Nouakchott, du puits nomade à la ville des pétroliers. Risques et représentations". Maghreb-Machrek (in French) (190).
• Armelle Choplin; Ciavolella Riccardo (2008). "Marges de la ville en marge du politique? Exclusion, dépendance et quête d'autonomie à Nouakchott (Mauritanie)". Autrepart (in French). doi:10.3917/autr.045.0073. ISSN   1278-3986 – via Cairn.info.
• Armelle Choplin (2009). Nouakchott: au carrefour de la Mauritanie et du monde (in French). Paris: Éditions Karthala. ISBN   978-2-8111-3166-1.

External links

• "(Nouakchott)". AfricaBib.org . (Bibliography)
• "Nouakchott, Mauritania". BlackPast.org . United States.
• "(Nouakchott)". Directory of Open Access Journals . UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
• "(Nouakchott)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
• "(Nouakchott)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
• "(Nouakchott)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa . Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
• "(Nouakchott)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
• "Nouakchott". Archnet. Archived from the original on 14 February 2006.

Images

• 
  Satellite view of Nouakchott, 2001.
• 
  Nouakchott and sand dunes, circa 2002.