Trachelospermum asiaticum

Last updated

Trachelospermum asiaticum
Trachelospermum asiaticum kz2.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Trachelospermum
Species:
T. asiaticum
Binomial name
Trachelospermum asiaticum

Trachelospermum asiaticum, the Asiatic jasmine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae and it is native to Asia. [1] Its flowers resemble stars, so it is also referred to as yellow star jasmine or Asian star jasmine. [2] This is a fast growing evergreen vine, often used to cover fences, walls, and similar surfaces. It is heat- and cold- tolerant, and grows even in shady areas. [3]

Contents

Etymology

The Latin specific epithet asiaticum means "from Asia".

It was first described by Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini in 1846. Bavarian physician and naturalist Siebold spent time in Japan between 1823 and 1829. Back in Germany with his collections, he was assisted by Zuccarini, professor of botany at the University of Munich to describe this plant under its original name of Malouetia asiatica (1846).

Description

Growing to 6 m (20 ft) tall, Trachelospermum asiaticum is a woody, evergreen climber with glossy, leathery leaves and strongly scented cream-coloured flowers in summer. [4] The stems, when cut, exude a milky white latex. The leaves are simple and opposite, persistent, borne by a petiole 2–10 mm, with an elliptic limb, narrowly ovate, 2–10 x 1–5 cm, membranous. Glossy green leaves have a brown-orange tinge stained reddish during the winter. The hardiest Trachelospermum species, this plant can be grown in temperate areas against a sheltered wall or fence. It has been known to spread rapidly, and can take over large areas very rapidly. [5]

Inflorescence

The white or cream flowers have a yellow heart and emit a scent of jasmine. They are held in terminal or axillary cymes. The five sepals are contiguous to the tube of the corolla and carry 10 basal glands. The hypocrateriform corolla consists of a tube 6-10mm long, with an enlarged throat, and five obovate lobes, as long as the tube. The stamens are inserted into the throat of the corolla tube. The anthers are exerted (protrude outside the tube, unlike T. jasminoides). The hairless ovary consists of two carpels. Flowering takes place from late spring to summer.

The fruit consists of two linear follicles, 10–30 by 0.3–0.5 cm. The seeds are oblong with at one end a 3.5 cm egret. [6]

Range

Variegated variety Trachelospermum asiaticum cv2.jpg
Variegated variety
Comparison of T. jasminoides and T. asiaticum Trachelospermum jasminoides-asiaticum.jpg
Comparison of T. jasminoides and T. asiaticum

Trachelospermum asiaticum is native to China, India, Japan, Korea, Indo-China and Malaysia. It grows in mountain forests and scrub, often attached to trees.

Cultivation

Quite similar to the false jasmine Trachelospermum jasminoides , T. asiaticum produces flowers with a slightly smaller yellow or cream heart. It has faster growth in the early years. It provides an evergreen ornamental ground cover, or, as a liana, planted along a wall or trellis, in semi-shade or sunny exposure, providing intense fragrance during the flowering period in summer. It can withstand brief frosts down to -15 °C. [7]

It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [8]

There are several cultivars with various patterns of variegation and also dwarf varieties.

Chemical composition

Many flavonoids were extracted from the leaves of Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium: apigenin 7-Oglucoside, luteolin, luteolin-4, rhoifolin, lonicerine, kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside, quercitrin, and phenolic compounds such as lignan and chlorogenic acid. [9]

Of triterpenes oleanolic type were also detected: the acid 2α, 3β, 19α, 23,24-pentahydroxyoléan-12-en-28-oic acid or trachélospérogénine E 8.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apocynaceae</span> Dogbane and oleander family of flowering plants

Apocynaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison. Members of the family are native to the European, Asian, African, Australian, and American tropics or subtropics, with some temperate members. The former family Asclepiadaceae is considered a subfamily of Apocynaceae and contains 348 genera. A list of Apocynaceae genera may be found here.

<i>Acer micranthum</i> Species of maple

Acer micranthum, the small-leaved maple, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae in the snakebark maple group, native to Japan, on Honshū, Kyūshū and Shikoku. Its Japanese name is the Komine maple.

<i>Calluna</i> Flowering plant in the heather family

Calluna vulgaris, common heather, ling, or simply heather, is the sole species in the genus Calluna in the flowering plant family Ericaceae. It is a low-growing evergreen shrub growing to 20 to 50 centimetres tall, or rarely to 1 metre (40 in) and taller, and is found widely in Europe and Asia Minor on acidic soils in open sunny situations and in moderate shade.

<i>Primula veris</i> Species of flowering plant

Primula veris, the cowslip, common cowslip, or cowslip primrose, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the primrose family Primulaceae. The species is native throughout most of temperate Europe and western Asia, and although absent from more northerly areas including much of northwest Scotland, it reappears in northernmost Sutherland and Orkney and in Scandinavia. This species frequently hybridizes with other Primulas such as the common primrose Primula vulgaris to form false oxlip which is often confused with true oxlip, a much rarer plant.

<i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i> Species of plant

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is a species of Nyctanthes native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is commonly known as night-blooming jasmine, tree of sadness, tree of sorrow, hengra bubar, coral jasmine, as seri gading in Singapore and as shiuli in the Bengal region. Despite its common name, the species is not a "true jasmine" and not of the genus Jasminum.

<i>Erica vagans</i> Species of flowering plant

Erica vagans, the Cornish heath or wandering heath, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae, native to Ireland, Cornwall, western France and Spain. It is a vigorous, spreading, evergreen heather reaching 75 cm (30 in) tall and wide, with pink flowers borne in racemes 14 cm (6 in) long in summer and autumn. The Latin specific epithet vagans literally means "wandering"; in this context it means "widely distributed".

<i>Hoya carnosa</i> Species of plant

Hoya carnosa, the porcelainflower or wax plant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to East Asia. It is a common house plant grown for its attractive waxy foliage, and sweetly scented flowers. It is grown well in pots and hanging baskets.

<i>Lysimachia nummularia</i> Species of flowering plant in the primrose family Primulaceae

Lysimachia nummularia is a species of flowering plant in the primrose family Primulaceae. Its common names include moneywort, creeping jenny, herb twopence and twopenny grass.

<i>Trachelospermum</i> Genus of plants

Trachelospermumstar jasmine, Confederate jasmine, is a genus of evergreen woody vines in the dogbane family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1851. All species are native to southern and eastern Asia.

<i>Trachelospermum jasminoides</i> Species of vine

Trachelospermum jasminoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to eastern and southeastern Asia. Common names include Confederate jasmine, star jasmine, Confederate jessamine, and Chinese star jessamine.

<i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> Species of evergreen flowering plant

Gardenia jasminoides, commonly known as gardenia and cape jasmine, is an evergreen flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae. It is native to parts of South-East Asia. Wild plants range from 30 centimetres to 3 metres in height. They have a rounded habit with very dense branches with opposite leaves that are lanceolate-oblong, leathery or gathered in groups on the same node and by a dark green, shiny and slightly waxy surface and prominent veins.

<i>Mandevilla sanderi</i> Species of vine

Mandevilla sanderi, the Brazilian jasmine, is a vine belonging to the genus Mandevilla. Grown as an ornamental plant, the species is endemic to the State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. It is a rapidly growing, creeping, perennial plant, pruning shoots about 60 cm per year.

<i>Stephanotis floribunda</i> Species of flowering plant

Stephanotis floribunda syn. S. jasminoides, the Madagascar jasmine, waxflower, Hawaiian wedding flower, or bridal wreath is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to Madagascar. It is a twining, sparsely branched liana that can measure up to 6 m in length.

<i>Skimmia japonica</i> Species of flowering plant

Skimmia japonica, the Japanese skimmia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, native to Japan, China, and Southeast Asia. Growing to 6 m (20 ft) tall and wide, it is a rounded evergreen shrub with glossy, leathery leaves. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks. Its fragrant flowers are cream-yellow or white, followed on female plants by small, round, red fruits. The plant tolerates a wide range of conditions, including frost, drought, and atmospheric pollution. It is suitable for bonsai and for Chinese gardens.

<i>Ceropegia sandersonii</i> Species of plant

Ceropegia sandersonii is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae that is native to Mozambique, South Africa, and Eswatini. Common names are parachute plant, fountain flower, and umbrella plant.

<i>Coprosma repens</i> Species of flowering plant

Coprosma repens is a species of flowering shrub or small tree of the genus Coprosma, in the family Rubiaceae, native to New Zealand. Common names include taupata, tree bedstraw, mirror bush, looking-glass bush, New Zealand laurel and shiny leaf.

<i>Jasminum mesnyi</i> Species of jasmine

Jasminum mesnyi, the primrose jasmine or Japanese jasmine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae, native to Vietnam and southern China.

<i>Kalanchoe manginii</i> Species of succulent

Kalanchoe manginii, beach bells, is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae, native to Madagascar.

<i>Stachyurus praecox</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Stachyuraceae

Stachyurus praecox, early stachyurus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Stachyuraceae, native to Japan. It is a spreading deciduous shrub growing to 4 m (13 ft) tall by 3 m (10 ft) wide. Pendent, bell-shaped, primrose yellow flowers are borne on naked arching branches in winter and spring. They are followed by ovate leaves, which colour to pink or red before falling in autumn.

<i>Thyrsanthella</i> Genus of flowering plants

Thyrsanthella is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. Its only species, Thyrsanthella difformis, the climbing dogbane. It is an uncommon to locally common deciduous low-growing woody vine native to the southeastern United States, found more often though not exclusively in moist habitats.

References

  1. 1 2 "Trachelospermum asiaticum (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  2. ↑ "Trachelospermum asiaticum (Asian Star Jasmine, Asiatic Jasmine, Yellow Star Jasmine) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  3. ↑ "How to grow and trim Asiatic jasmine". Shiny Plant. 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  4. ↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN   978-1405332965.
  5. ↑ Mori Tamezô, An Enumeration of Plants Hitherto Known From Corea 293. 1922
  6. ↑ Fumiko A and Tatsuo Y, " Glycosides of 19α-Hydroxyoleanan-type triterpenoids from Trachelospermum asiaticum (Trachelospermum IV) ", Chem Pharm Bull, vol. 35, n o 5,1987
  7. ↑ Christophe Wiart, Ethnopharmacology of medicinal plants Asia and the Pacific, Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 2006 ( ISBN   1588297489, 9781588297488, 9781597451604 and 1597451606
  8. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Trachelospermum asiaticum". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  9. ↑ Hosoi, Shinzo; Shimizu, Eri; Tanaka, Toshihiro; Sakai, Eiji; Yamada, Mitsuko; Sakushima, Akiyo (2008). "Main phenolic compounds from the flower of Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium (Apocynaceae)". Journal of Natural Medicines. 62 (3): 354–355. doi:10.1007/s11418-008-0232-5.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.