Luteolin

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Luteolin
The chemical structure of luteolin Luteolin.svg
The chemical structure of luteolin
Luteolin molecule ball.png
Names
IUPAC name
3′,4′,5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone
Systematic IUPAC name
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Other names
Luteolol
Digitoflavone
Flacitran
Luteoline
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.038 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
KEGG
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C15H10O6/c16-8-4-11(19)15-12(20)6-13(21-14(15)5-8)7-1-2-9(17)10(18)3-7/h1-6,16-19H X mark.svgN
    Key: IQPNAANSBPBGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N X mark.svgN
  • InChI=1/C15H10O6/c16-8-4-11(19)15-12(20)6-13(21-14(15)5-8)7-1-2-9(17)10(18)3-7/h1-6,16-19H
    Key: IQPNAANSBPBGFQ-UHFFFAOYAY
  • C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O
Properties
C15H10O6
Molar mass 286.239 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Luteolin is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, with a yellow crystalline appearance. [1]

Contents

Luteolin is the main yellow dye from the Reseda luteola plant, used for dyeing since at least the first millennium B.C. Luteolin was first isolated in pure form, and was named in 1829 by the French chemist, Michel Eugène Chevreul. [2] [3] [4]

Luteolin is a phytochemical present in leaves, bark, flower blossoms, pollens, various vegetables, and herbs.

Chemistry

The luteolin empirical formula was determined by the Austrian chemists Heinrich Hlasiwetz and Leopold Pfaundler in 1864. [5] [6] In 1896, the English chemist Arthur George Perkin proposed the correct structure for luteolin. [7] Perkin's proposed structure for luteolin was confirmed in 1900 when the Polish-Swiss chemist Stanislaw Kostanecki (1860–1910) and his students A. Różycki and J. Tambor synthesized luteolin. [8] [9]

Natural occurrences

Luteolin is most often found in leaves, but it is also present in rinds, barks, clover blossoms, and ragweed pollen. [1] It has also been isolated from the aromatic flowering plant, Salvia tomentosa in the mint family, Lamiaceae . [10] It is present in raw peppermint and thyme. [11]

Other dietary sources include celery, broccoli, artichoke, green pepper, parsley, dandelion, perilla, chamomile tea, carrots, olive oil, rosemary, navel oranges, and oregano. [12] It is present in the seeds of the palm Aiphanes aculeata . [13]

Research

Although preliminary laboratory research has been conducted on luteolin, there is no clinical evidence to indicate that its presence in consumed plant foods has any effect on human health or diseases. [11]

References

  1. 1 2 Mann, John (1992). Secondary Metabolism (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp.  279–280. ISBN   978-0-19-855529-2.
  2. ↑ Chevreul, M.E. (1829). "30e Leçon, Chapitre XI. De la Gaude. [30th lesson. Chapter 11. On Weld (i.e., the plant Reseda luteola, which provides a yellow dye)]". Leçons de Chimie Appliquée à la Teinture [Lessons on Chemistry Applied to Dyeing] (in French). Paris, France: Pichon et Didier. pp. 143–148. Chevreul named luteolin on p. 144: "J'ai fait des recherches sur la composition de la gaude, j'ai obtenu le principe colorant critalisé par sublimation; je l'ai nommé lutéolin." (I have done some research on the composition of weld; I obtained the principal colorant [which I] crystallized via sublimation; I have called it "luteolin".)
  3. ↑ Thomson, Thomas (1838). Chemistry of Organic Bodies. Vegetables. London, England: J.B. Baillière. pp. 415–416.
  4. ↑ However, Perkin claimed (without citing a source) that Chevreul had isolated luteolin as early as 1814–1815. See: Perkin, Arthur George; Everest, Arthur Ernest (1918). The Natural Organic Colouring Matters. London, England: Longmans, Green and Co. p.  4.
  5. ↑ Hlasiwetz, H.; Pfaundler, L. (1864). "Über das Morin, Maclurin und Quercitrin". Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. (Part 2) (in German). 50: 6–59. ; see pp. 44–45.
  6. ↑ Hlasiwetz, H.; Pfaundler, L. (1865). "Ueber das Morin, Maclurin und Quercitrin". Journal für praktische Chemie (in German). 94: 65–106. doi:10.1002/prac.18650940112. Hlasiwetz and Pfaundler melted quercitrin with potassium carbonate. Among the reaction's products, they found paradatiscetin, whose empirical formula they determined to be C15H10O6 (p. 94). They concluded that although luteolin and paradatiscetin were isomeric (i.e., had the same empirical formula), they were distinct compounds. From p. 94: "Das Luteolin scheint demnach wohl als isomer oder metamer mit unserer Substanz betrachtet werden zu können. Eine Identität beider liegt jedoch nicht vor, denn an einer Probe Luteolin fanden wir die charakteristischen Farben-reactionen nicht, welche das Paradatiscetin kaum verwechseln lassen." (Luteolin thus seems to be able to be regarded perhaps as an isomer or metamer of our substance [viz, paradatiscetin]. However, the two are evidently not identical, for upon a test of luteolin, we did not find the characteristic color reactions, which hardly allows paradatiscetin to be confused [with it].)
  7. ↑ Perkin, A. G. (1896). "Luteolin. Part II" (PDF). Journal of the Chemical Society. 69: 799–803. doi:10.1039/CT8966900799. See p. 803.
  8. ↑ Kostanecki, St. v.; Róžycki, A.; Tambor, J. (1900). "Synthese des Luteolins" (PDF). Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (in German). 33 (3): 3410–3417. doi:10.1002/cber.190003303121.
  9. ↑ Thorpe, Edward, ed. (1913). A Dictionary of Applied Chemistry. Vol. 5. London, England: Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 747–748.
  10. ↑ A. Ulubelen; M. Miski; P. Neuman; T. J. Mabry (1979). "Flavonoids of Salvia tomentosa (Labiatae)". Journal of Natural Products . 42 (4): 261–63. Bibcode:1979JNAtP..42..261U. doi:10.1021/np50003a002.
  11. 1 2 "Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 2025. Retrieved 22 October 2025.
  12. ↑ López-Lázaro M. (2009). "Distribution and biological activities of the flavonoid luteolin". Mini Rev Med Chem. 9 (1): 31–59. doi:10.2174/138955709787001712. PMID   19149659.
  13. ↑ Lee, D; Cuendet, M; Vigo, JS; et al. (2001). "A novel cyclooxygenase-inhibitory stilbenolignan from the seeds of Aiphanes aculeata". Organic Letters. 3 (14): 2169–71. doi:10.1021/ol015985j. PMID   11440571.
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