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Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name Pentan-1-ol [1] | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
1730975 | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.684 |
EC Number |
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25922 | |
KEGG | |
MeSH | n-Pentanol |
PubChem CID | |
RTECS number |
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UNII | |
UN number | 1105 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
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Properties | |
C5H12O | |
Molar mass | 88.150 g·mol−1 |
Density | 0.811 g cm−3 |
Melting point | −78 °C; −109 °F; 195 K |
Boiling point | 137 to 139 °C; 278 to 282 °F; 410 to 412 K |
22 g L−1 | |
log P | 1.348 |
Vapor pressure | 200 Pa (at 20 °C) |
−67.7·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.409 |
Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) | 207.45 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 258.9 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | −351.90–−351.34 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | −3331.19–−3330.63 kJ mol−1 |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
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Warning | |
H226, H315, H332, H335 | |
P261 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | 49 °C (120 °F; 322 K) |
300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) | |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds | Hexane |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). |
1-Pentanol, (or n-pentanol, pentan-1-ol), is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH and is classified as a primary alcohol. [2] It is a colourless liquid with a distinctive aroma. It is one of 8 isomeric alcohols with the formula C5H11OH. It is used as a solvent, a biological drying agent and in the synthesis of some fragrance compounds. It is also a common component of fusel alcohols (fusel oils), the undesirable byproducts of alcoholic fermentation.
1-Pentanol is prepared from 1-butene by hydroformylation followed by hydrogenation of the resulting pentanal. [3]
Pentanol can be prepared by fractional distillation of fusel oil. To reduce the use of fossil fuels, research is underway to develop cost-effective methods of producing (chemically identical) bio-pentanol with fermentation. [4] [5]
The hydroxyl group (OH) is the active site of many reactions. The ester formed from 1-pentanol and butyric acid is pentyl butyrate, which has an apricot-like odor. The ester formed from 1-pentanol and acetic acid is amyl acetate (also called pentyl acetate), which has a banana-like odor.
It is a precursor to dipentyl zinc dithiophosphates, which are used in froth flotation. [3]
In 2014, a study was conducted comparing the performance of diesel fuel blends with various proportions of pentanol as an additive. While gaseous emissions increased with higher concentrations of pentanol, particulate emissions decreased. [6]
Pentanol is often used as a solvent.