Cyprazepam

Last updated
Cyprazepam
Cyprazepam.svg
Cyprazepam3d.png
Clinical data
Routes of
administration
Oral
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
  • US:Unscheduled
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism Hepatic
Excretion Renal
Identifiers
  • 10-chloro-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-3,6-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undeca-1,6,8,10-tetraen-5-imine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
Formula C19H18ClN3O
Molar mass 339.82 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • ClC1=CC2=C(N/C(C[N+]([O-])=C2C3=CC=CC=C3)=N/CC4CC4)C=C1
  • InChI=1S/C19H18ClN3O/c20-15-8-9-17-16(10-15)19(14-4-2-1-3-5-14)23(24)12-18(22-17)21-11-13-6-7-13/h1-5,8-10,13H,6-7,11-12H2,(H,21,22) Yes check.svgY
  • Key:UKFDTMNJMKWWNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
 X mark.svgNYes check.svgY  (what is this?)    (verify)

Cyprazepam [1] is a drug which is a sedative-hypnotic benzodiazepine derivative. [2] [3] [4] [5] It has anxiolytic properties, [6] and presumably also has hypnotic, skeletal muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant and amnestic properties.

Contents

Synthesis

The lactam moiety in benzodiazepams is active towards nucleophiles and numerous analogues have been made by exploiting this fact.

Cyprazepam synthesis: Cyprazepam synthesis.svg
Cyprazepam synthesis:

For example, heating demoxepam with N-cyclopropylmethylamine leads to amidine formation, the minor tranquilizer cyprazepam.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benzodiazepine</span> Class of depressant drugs

Benzodiazepines, colloquially called "benzos", are a class of depressant drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring. They are prescribed to treat conditions such as anxiety disorders, insomnia, and seizures. The first benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (Librium), was discovered accidentally by Leo Sternbach in 1955 and was made available in 1960 by Hoffmann–La Roche, who soon followed with diazepam (Valium) in 1963. By 1977, benzodiazepines were the most prescribed medications globally; the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), among other factors, decreased rates of prescription, but they remain frequently used worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flunitrazepam</span> Benzodiazepine sedative

Flunitrazepam, also known as Rohypnol among other names, is a benzodiazepine used to treat severe insomnia and assist with anesthesia. As with other hypnotics, flunitrazepam has been advised to be prescribed only for short-term use or by those with chronic insomnia on an occasional basis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diazepam</span> Benzodiazepine sedative

Diazepam, first marketed as Valium, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. It is commonly used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. It may also be used to cause memory loss during certain medical procedures. It can be taken orally, as a suppository inserted into the rectum, intramuscularly, intravenously or used as a nasal spray. When injected intravenously, effects begin in one to five minutes and last up to an hour. Orally, effects begin after 15 to 60 minutes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Temazepam</span> Insomnia medication

Temazepam is a medication of the benzodiazepine class which is generally used to treat severe or debilitating insomnia. It is taken by mouth. Temazepam is rapidly absorbed, and significant hypnotic effects begin in less than 30 minutes and can last for up to eight hours. Many studies, some going as far back as the early 1980s out of Australia and the United Kingdom, both of which have had serious temazepam abuse epidemics and related mortality, have all mostly corroborated each other and proven that the potential for abuse and physical dependence is very high, even in comparison to many other benzodiazepines. As a result, prescriptions for hypnotics such as temazepam have seen a dramatic decrease since 2010, while anxiolytics such as alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam, and lorazepam (Ativan) have increased or remained stable. Temazepam and similar hypnotics, such as triazolam (Halcion) are generally reserved for severe and debilitating insomnia. They have largely been replaced by z-drugs and atypical antidepressants as first line treatment for insomnia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alprazolam</span> Benzodiazepine medication

Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals called benzodiazepines. Alprazolam is most commonly used in management of anxiety disorders, specifically panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Other uses include the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea, together with other treatments. GAD improvement occurs generally within a week. Alprazolam is generally taken orally.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zolpidem</span> Hypnotic medication

Zolpidem, sold under the brand name Ambien among others, is a medication primarily used for the short-term treatment of sleeping problems. Guidelines recommend that it be used only after cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and behavioral changes, such as sleep hygiene, have been tried. It decreases the time to sleep onset by about fifteen minutes and at larger doses helps people stay asleep longer. It is taken by mouth and is available in conventional tablets, sublingual tablets, or oral spray.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triazolam</span> Triazolobenzodiazepine class medication

Triazolam, sold under the brand name Halcion among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant tranquilizer of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepine (BZD) derivatives. It possesses pharmacological properties similar to those of other benzodiazepines, but it is generally only used as a sedative to treat severe insomnia. In addition to the hypnotic properties, triazolam's amnesic, anxiolytic, sedative, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties are pronounced as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zopiclone</span> Hypnotic medication

Zopiclone, sold under the brand name Imovane among others, is a nonbenzodiazepine used to treat difficulty sleeping. Zopiclone is molecularly distinct from benzodiazepine drugs and is classed as a cyclopyrrolone. However, zopiclone increases the normal transmission of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system, via modulating GABAA receptors similarly to the way benzodiazepine drugs do.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitrazepam</span> Benzodiazepine sedative

Nitrazepam, sold under the brand name Mogadon among others, is a hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class used for short-term relief from severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia. It also has sedative (calming) properties, as well as amnestic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal muscle relaxant effects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flurazepam</span> Hypnotic medication

Flurazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It produces a metabolite with a long half-life, which may stay in the bloodstream for days. Flurazepam was patented in 1968 and came into medical use the same year. Flurazepam, developed by Roche Pharmaceuticals was one of the first benzo hypnotics to be marketed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nimetazepam</span> Benzodiazepine medication

Nimetazepam is an intermediate-acting hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It was first synthesized by a team at Hoffmann-La Roche in 1964. It possesses powerful hypnotic, anxiolytic, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Nimetazepam is also a particularly potent anticonvulsant. It is marketed in 5 mg tablets known as Erimin, which is the brand name manufactured and marketed by the large Japanese corporation Sumitomo. Japan is the sole manufacturer of nimetazepam in the world. Outside of Japan, Erimin is available in much of East and Southeast Asia and was widely prescribed for the short-term treatment of severe insomnia in patients who have difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep. Sumitomo has ceased manufacturing Erimin since November 2015. It is still available as a generic drug or as Lavol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Camazepam</span> Chemical compound

Camazepam is a benzodiazepine psychoactive drug, marketed under the brand names Albego, Limpidon and Paxor. It is the dimethyl carbamate ester of temazepam, a metabolite of diazepam. While it possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, skeletal muscle relaxant and hypnotic properties it differs from other benzodiazepines in that its anxiolytic properties are particularly prominent but has comparatively limited anticonvulsant, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fludiazepam</span> Chemical compound

Fludiazepam, marketed under the brand name Erispan (エリスパン) is a potent benzodiazepine and 2ʹ-fluoro derivative of diazepam, originally developed by Hoffmann-La Roche in the 1960s. It is marketed in Japan and Taiwan. It exerts its pharmacological properties via enhancement of GABAergic inhibition. Fludiazepam has 4 times more binding affinity for benzodiazepine receptors than diazepam. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Fludiazepam has been used recreationally.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Etizolam</span> Chemical compound

Etizolam is a thienodiazepine derivative which is a benzodiazepine analog. The etizolam molecule differs from a benzodiazepine in that the benzene ring has been replaced by a thiophene ring and triazole ring has been fused, making the drug a thienotriazolodiazepine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zolazepam</span> Chemical compound

Zolazepam (Flupyrazapon) is a pyrazolodiazepinone derivative structurally related to the benzodiazepine drugs, which is used as an anaesthetic for a wide range of animals in veterinary medicine. Zolazepam is usually administered in combination with other drugs such as the NMDA antagonist tiletamine or the α2 adrenergic receptor agonist xylazine, depending on what purpose it is being used for. It is around four times the potency of diazepam but it is both water-soluble and un-ionized at physiological pH meaning that its onset is very fast.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlordiazepoxide</span> Benzodiazepine class sedative and hypnotic medication

Chlordiazepoxide, trade name Librium among others, is a sedative and hypnotic medication of the benzodiazepine class; it is used to treat anxiety, insomnia and symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol and other drugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flutazolam</span> Benzodiazepam

Flutazolam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It was invented in Japan, and this is the main country in which it has been used medically. It has sedative, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic effects similar to those produced by other benzodiazepine derivatives, and though it is around the same potency as diazepam, it produces a more marked sedation and impaired coordination. It is indicated for the treatment of insomnia. Its major active metabolite is n-desalkylflurazepam, also known as norflurazepam, which is also a principal metabolite of flurazepam. While flutazolam has a very short half-life of only 3.5 hours, n-desalkylflurazepam has a long half-life of between 47–100 hours.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flutoprazepam</span> Benzodiazepam

Flutoprazepam (Restas) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine. It was patented in Japan by Sumitomo in 1972 and its medical use remains mostly confined to that country. Its muscle relaxant properties are approximately equivalent to those of diazepam - however, it has more powerful sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects and is around four times more potent by weight compared to diazepam. It is longer acting than diazepam due to its long-acting active metabolites, which contribute significantly to its effects. Its principal active metabolite is n-desalkylflurazepam, also known as norflurazepam, which is also a principal metabolite of flurazepam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulazepam</span> Chemical compound

Sulazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative. It is the thioamide derivative of diazepam. It is metabolised into diazepam, desmethyldiazepam and oxydiazepam. It has sedative, muscle relaxant, hypnotic, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic properties like those of other benzodiazepines. It was never marketed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JM-1232</span> Chemical compound

JM-1232 is a sedative and hypnotic drug being researched as a potential anesthetic. It has similar effects to sedative-hypnotic benzodiazepine drugs, but is structurally distinct and so is classed as a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic. It was developed by a team at Maruishi Pharmaceutica.

References

  1. 1 2 US 3138586,Wuest HM,"2-Cycloalkylamino Derivatives of 1,4-Benzodiazipines",issued 23 June 1964, assigned to Warner-Lambert Pharmaceutical Compay; Chem. Abstr., 61: 7,032f (1964).
  2. Oelschläger H, Martienssen D, Belal F (22 September 2006). "Ring Contraction of 1,4-Benzodiazepines to 3,4-Dihydroquinazolines During Macro Scale Reduction (Example 5: Cyprazepam)". Archiv der Pharmazie. Wiley Interscience. 325 (8): 503–507. doi:10.1002/ardp.19923250810. ISSN   0365-6233. S2CID   96638676. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013.
  3. EP 1466628,Matthews B, Victor S, Nigel, Swindell C,"DHA-pharmaceutical agent conjugates",published 13 October 2004, assigned to American Regent Inc.
  4. "Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2009) - Supplement 1 - PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE" (PDF). USA: United States International Trade Commission. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 July 2009. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
  5. Schafer EW, Bowles WA, Hurlbut J (May 1983). "The acute oral toxicity, repellency, and hazard potential of 998 chemicals to one or more species of wild and domestic birds". Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 12 (3): 355–82. Bibcode:1983ArECT..12..355S. doi:10.1007/BF01059413. PMID   6882015. S2CID   32956594.
  6. World Health Organization (2006). "The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances" (PDF). USA: Ministry of health, Syria . Retrieved 19 September 2009.[ dead link ]