Zolazepam

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Zolazepam
Zolazepam.svg
Zolazepam3d.png
Clinical data
Trade names Telazol (in combination with tiletamine)
AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3,8-trimethyl-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]diazepin-7-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.118.306 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C15H15FN4O
Molar mass 286.310 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • FC1=CC=CC=C1C2=NCC(N(C)C3=C2C(C)=NN3C)=O
  • InChI=1S/C15H15FN4O/c1-9-13-14(10-6-4-5-7-11(10)16)17-8-12(21)19(2)15(13)20(3)18-9/h4-7H,8H2,1-3H3 Yes check.svgY
  • Key:GDSCFOSHSOWNDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
   (verify)

Zolazepam [2] (Flupyrazapon) is a pyrazolodiazepinone derivative structurally related to the benzodiazepine drugs, which is used as an anaesthetic for a wide range of animals in veterinary medicine. Zolazepam is usually administered in combination with other drugs such as the NMDA antagonist tiletamine or the α2 adrenergic receptor agonist xylazine, depending on what purpose it is being used for. It is 5-10 times the potency of diazepam. [3]

Zolazepam was developed by Horace A. de Wald and Donald E. Butler for Parke-Davis [4] and was the result of a very detailed analysis of the benzodiazepine structure ( U.S. patent 3,558,605 filed in 1969).

Zolazepam, in combination with tiletamine, has been used in the tranquilization of wild animals, such as gorillas and polar bears, and has been found to be superior to ketamine because of reduced side-effects. [5] [6] A 1:1 mixture of zolazepam and tiletamine is sold under the names Telazol and Zoletil.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ketamine</span> Dissociative anesthetic and anti-depressant

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tiletamine</span> Chemical compound

Tiletamine is a dissociative anesthetic and pharmacologically classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist. It is related chemically to ketamine. Tiletamine hydrochloride exists as odorless white crystals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Veterinary surgery</span> Surgery performed on non-human animals

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NMDA receptor antagonist</span> Class of anesthetics

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Azaperone</span> Chemical compound

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Veterinary anesthesia is a specialization in the veterinary medicine field dedicated to the proper administration of anesthetic agents to non-human animals to control their consciousness during procedures. A veterinarian or a Registered Veterinary Technician administers these drugs to minimize stress, destructive behavior, and the threat of injury to both the patient and the doctor. The duration of the anesthesia process goes from the time before an animal leaves for the visit to the time after the animal reaches home after the visit, meaning it includes care from both the owner and the veterinary staff. Generally, anesthesia is used for a wider range of circumstances in animals than in people not only due to their inability to cooperate with certain diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, but also due to their species, breed, size, and corresponding anatomy. Veterinary anesthesia includes anesthesia of the major species: dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs, as well as all other animals requiring veterinary care such as birds, pocket pets, and wildlife.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Medetomidine</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Etoxadrol</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atipamezole</span> Veterinary medication

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Romifidine</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarmazenil</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">PF-514273</span> Chemical compound

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Balanced anesthesia, also known as multimodal anesthesia, is a technique for inducing and maintaining anesthesia in patients to enable surgery or certain medical procedures to be performed. The method uses multiple anesthetic agents and other drugs – and techniques – in combination, with the aim of separately affecting different aspects of the central nervous system, so tailoring the anesthesia's specific effects for the individual patient and procedure.

References

  1. "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Preparations Which Contain Both Tiletamine and Zolazepam into Schedule III" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. January 21, 1987. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  2. US 3879535,Stoliker, Harry E.,"Anesthetic compositions and methods of use",published 1975-04-22, assigned to Parke, Davis & Co.
  3. DeWald HA, Lobbestael S, Butler DE (December 1977). "Pyrazolodiazepines. 2. 4-Aryl-1,3-dialkyl-6,8-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-e] [1,4]diazepin-7(1H)-ones as antianxiety and anticonvulsant agents". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 20 (12): 1562–9. doi:10.1021/jm00222a005. PMID   22748.
  4. DE 2023453,DeWald, Horace Albert&Butler, Donald Eugene,"Pyrazolo[3,4-e],[1,4]diazepin-7(1H)-on Verbindungen und ihre pharmazeutisch zulässigen Salze [Pyrazolo[3,4-e],[1.4]diazepin-7(lH)-one compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts]",published 1970-11-19, assigned to Parke, Davis & Co.
  5. Sleeman JM, Cameron K, Mudakikwa AB, Nizeyi JB, Anderson S, Cooper JE, et al. (March 2000). "Field anesthesia of free-living mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) from the Virunga Volcano region, Central Africa". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 31 (1): 9–14. doi:10.1638/1042-7260(2000)031[0009:faoflm]2.0.co;2. PMID   10884117. S2CID   20623485.
  6. Cattet MR, Caulkett NA, Polischuk SC, Ramsay MA (September 1999). "Anesthesia of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with zolazepam-tiletamine, medetomidine-ketamine, and medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 30 (3): 354–60. PMID   10572857.