Zuranolone

Last updated

Zuranolone
SAGE-217.svg
Clinical data
Pronunciation /zʊˈrænəloʊn/
zuu-RAN-ə-lohn
Trade names Zurzuvae
Other namesSAGE-217; S-812217; SGE-797; BIIB-125
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • Contraindicated
Routes of
administration 		By mouth
Drug class Neurosteroid; GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding 99.5% [2] [ unreliable medical source? ]
Metabolism CYP3A4 [2] [ unreliable medical source? ]
Elimination half-life 16–23 hours [3] [4]
Identifiers
  • 1-(2-((3R,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-Hydroxy-3,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard 100.271.331 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C25H35N3O2
Molar mass 409.574 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C(CN1N=CC(C#N)=C1)[C@H]2CC[C@@]3([H])[C@]4([H])CC[C@]5([H])C[C@](C)(O)CC[C@]5([H])[C@@]4([H])CC[C@@]32C
  • InChI=1S/C25H35N3O2/c1-24(30)9-7-18-17(11-24)3-4-20-19(18)8-10-25(2)21(20)5-6-22(25)23(29)15-28-14-16(12-26)13-27-28/h13-14,17-22,30H,3-11,15H2,1-2H3/t17-,18+,19-,20-,21+,22-,24-,25+/m1/s1
  • Key:HARRKNSQXBRBGZ-GVKWWOCJSA-N

Zuranolone, sold under the brand name Zurzuvae, is a medication used for the treatment of postpartum depression. [5] [6] It is taken by mouth. [5]

Contents

The most common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, diarrhea, fatigue, nasopharyngitis, and urinary tract infection. [5] [6] An orally active inhibitory pregnane neurosteroid, zuranolone acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor. [7] [8] [9]

Zuranolone was approved for medical use in the United States for the treatment of postpartum depression in August 2023. [6] It was developed by Sage Therapeutics and Biogen. [10]

Medical uses

Zuranolone is indicated for the treatment of postpartum depression. [5] [6]

Adverse effects

The most common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, diarrhea, fatigue, and urinary tract infection. [6]

The US FDA label contains a boxed warning noting that zuranolone can impact a person's ability to drive and perform other potentially hazardous activities. [6] The use of zuranolone may cause suicidal thoughts and behavior. [6] Zuranolone may also cause fetal harm. [6]

History

Zuranolone was developed as an improvement on the intravenously administered neurosteroid brexanolone, with high oral bioavailability and a biological half-life suitable for once-daily administration. [8] [11] Its half-life is around 16 to 23 hours, compared to approximately 9 hours for brexanolone. [3] [4]

The efficacy of zuranolone for the treatment of postpartum depression in adults was demonstrated in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. [6] The trial participants were women with postpartum depression who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for a major depressive episode and whose symptoms began in the third trimester or within four weeks of delivery. [6] In study 1, participants received 50 mg of zuranolone or placebo once daily in the evening for 14 days. [6] In study 2, participants received another zuranolone product that was approximately equal to 40 mg of zuranolone or placebo, also for 14 days. [6] Participants in both studies were monitored for at least four weeks after the 14-day treatment. [6] The primary endpoint of both studies was the change in depressive symptoms using the total score from the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17), measured at day 15. [6] Participants in the zuranolone groups showed significantly more improvement in their symptoms compared to those in the placebo groups. [6] The treatment effect was maintained at day 42—four weeks after the last dose of zuranolone. [6]

Society and culture

Zuranolone is the international nonproprietary name. [12]

Zuranolone was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of postpartum depression in August 2023. [6] [13] The FDA granted the application for zuranolone priority review and fast track designations. [6] Approval of Zurzuvae was granted to Sage Therapeutics, Inc. [6]

Zuranolone has also been under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder, but the application for this use was given a Complete Response Letter (CRL) by the FDA due to insufficient evidence of effectiveness. [14]

In the United States, zuranolone is a Schedule IV controlled substance.

Research

In a randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial to assess its efficacy and safety for the treatment of major depressive disorder, subjects in the zuranolone group (50 mg oral zuranolone once daily for 14 days) experienced statistically significant and sustained improvements in depressive symptoms (as measured by HAM-D score) throughout the treatment and follow-up periods of the study. [15]

Other investigational applications include insomnia, bipolar depression, essential tremor, and Parkinson's disease. [16] [7] [17]

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References

  1. ↑ "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Zuranolone in Schedule IV". Federal Register. 31 October 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  2. 1 2 "Zuranolone". DrugBank Online.
  3. 1 2 Cerne R, Lippa A, Poe MM, Smith JL, Jin X, Ping X, et al. (2022). "GABAkines - Advances in the discovery, development, and commercialization of positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 234: 108035. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108035. PMC   9787737 . PMID   34793859. S2CID   244280839.
  4. 1 2 Faden J, Citrome L (2020). "Intravenous brexanolone for postpartum depression: what it is, how well does it work, and will it be used?". Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology. 10: 2045125320968658. doi:10.1177/2045125320968658. PMC   7656877 . PMID   33224470.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Zurzuvae (zuranolone) capsules, for oral use, [controlled substance schedule pending]" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 "FDA Approves First Oral Treatment for Postpartum Depression". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  7. 1 2 "SAGE 217". AdisInsight. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  8. 1 2 Blanco MJ, La D, Coughlin Q, Newman CA, Griffin AM, Harrison BL, et al. (2018). "Breakthroughs in neuroactive steroid drug discovery". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 28 (2): 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.043. PMID   29223589.
  9. ↑ Martinez Botella G, Salituro FG, Harrison BL, Beresis RT, Bai Z, Blanco MJ, et al. (2017). "Neuroactive Steroids. 2. 3α-Hydroxy-3β-methyl-21-(4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-1'-yl)-19-nor-5β-pregnan-20-one (SAGE-217): A Clinical Next Generation Neuroactive Steroid Positive Allosteric Modulator of the (γ-Aminobutyric Acid)A Receptor". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 60 (18): 7810–7819. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00846. PMID   28753313.
  10. ↑ Saltzman J (4 August 2023). "FDA approves postpartum depression pill from two Cambridge drug firms" . The Boston Globe . Archived from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  11. ↑ Althaus AL, Ackley MA, Belfort GM, Gee SM, Dai J, Nguyen DP, et al. (2020). "Preclinical characterization of zuranolone (SAGE-217), a selective neuroactive steroid GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator". Neuropharmacology. 181: 108333. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108333. PMC   8265595 . PMID   32976892.
  12. ↑ World Health Organization (2019). "International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances (INN): recommended INN: list 82". WHO Drug Information. 33 (3). hdl: 10665/330879 .
  13. ↑ "FDA Approves Zurzuvae (zuranolone), the First and Only Oral Treatment Approved for Women with Postpartum Depression, and Issues a Complete Response Letter for Major Depressive Disorder" (Press release). Biogen Inc. 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023– via GlobeNewswire.
  14. ↑ McKenzie H. "Sage Hints at Difficult Decisions After Zuranolone's Rejection in MDD".
  15. ↑ Clayton AH, Lasser R, Parikh SV, Iosifescu DV, Jung J, Kotecha M, et al. (May 2023). "Zuranolone for the Treatment of Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 180 (9): 676–684. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20220459. PMID   37132201. S2CID   258461851.
  16. ↑ Deligiannidis KM, Meltzer-Brody S, Gunduz-Bruce H, Doherty J, Jonas J, Li S, et al. (2021). "Effect of Zuranolone vs Placebo in Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial". JAMA Psychiatry. 78 (9): 951–959. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1559. PMC   8246337 . PMID   34190962.
  17. ↑ Bullock A, Kaul I, Li S, Silber C, Doherty J, Kanes SJ (2021). "Zuranolone as an oral adjunct to treatment of Parkinsonian tremor: A phase 2, open-label study". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 421: 117277. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117277 . PMID   33387701. S2CID   229333842.
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