Desvenlafaxine

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Desvenlafaxine
Desvenlafaxine stereoisomers labelled.svg
Desvenlafaxine stereoisomers ball-and-stick models from xtal.png
Clinical data
Pronunciation /dɛsˌvɛnləˈfæksiːn/
des-ven-lə-FAK-seen
Trade names Pristiq, Desfax, Ellefore, others
Other namesO-desmethylvenlafaxine, WY-45233
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a608022
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU:B2
Routes of
administration 		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 80%
Protein binding Low (30%)
Metabolism CYP2C19, [3] CYP3A4, (CYP2D6 is not involved)
Elimination half-life 11 h
Excretion 45% excreted unchanged in urine
Identifiers
  • (RS)-4-[2-dimethylamino-1-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)
    ethyl]phenol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.149.615 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C16H25NO2
Molar mass 263.381 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • OC2(C(c1ccc(O)cc1)CN(C)C)CCCCC2
  • InChI=1S/C16H25NO2/c1-17(2)12-15(13-6-8-14(18)9-7-13)16(19)10-4-3-5-11-16/h6-9,15,18-19H,3-5,10-12H2,1-2H3 Yes check.svgY
  • Key:KYYIDSXMWOZKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
 X mark.svgNYes check.svgY  (what is this?)    (verify)

Desvenlafaxine, sold under the brand name Pristiq among others, is a medication used to treat depression. [4] It is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class and is taken by mouth. [4] It is recommended that the need for further treatment be occasionally reassessed. [4] Studies have shown similar effectiveness compared to its parent compound venlafaxine. [5] [6] While other studies have shown it to be either less effective [7] or more effective [8] than venlafaxine.

Contents

Common side effects include dizziness, trouble sleeping, increased sweating, constipation, sleepiness, anxiety, and sexual problems. [4] Serious side effects may include suicide in those under the age of 25, serotonin syndrome, bleeding, mania, and high blood pressure. [4] There is a high risk of withdrawal syndrome which may occur if the dose is decreased or the medication is completely stopped. [4] [9] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [10]

Desvenlafaxine was approved for medical use in the United States in 2008. [4] In Europe its application for use was denied in 2009. [7] In 2023, it was the 189th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. [11] [12]

Medical uses

Desvenlafaxine is primarily used as a treatment for major depressive disorder. [13] Use has only been studied up to 8 weeks. [4] It may be less effective than venlafaxine, [7] although some studies have found comparable efficacy with a lower rate of nausea. [5]

Doses of 50 to 400 mg/day appear effective for major depressive disorder, although no additional benefit was demonstrated at doses greater than 50 mg/day, and adverse events and discontinuations were more frequent at higher doses. [14]

Desvenlafaxine improves the HAM-D17 score [15] and measures of well-being such as the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5). [16]

Adverse effects

Frequency of adverse effects: [13] [17] [18]

Very common adverse effects include:

Common adverse effects include:

Uncommon adverse effects include:

Rare adverse effects include:

Common adverse effects whose intensity is unknown include:

Pharmacology

Desvenlafaxine is a synthetic form of the isolated major active metabolite of venlafaxine, and is categorized as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). When most normal metabolizers take venlafaxine, approximately 70% of the dose is metabolized into desvenlafaxine, so the effects of the two drugs are expected to be very similar. [19] It works by blocking the "reuptake" transporters for key neurotransmitters affecting mood, thereby leaving more active neurotransmitters in the synapse. The neurotransmitters affected are serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). It is approximately 10 times more potent at inhibiting serotonin uptake than norepinephrine uptake. [20]

TransporterKi[nM] [20] [21] IC50 [nM] [20]
SERT 40.247.3
NET 558.4531.3

Approval status

United States

Pristiq 50 mg tablets (US) Pristiq pills.jpg
Pristiq 50 mg tablets (US)

Wyeth announced on 23 January 2007 that it received an approvable letter from the Food and Drug Administration for desvenlafaxine. Final approval to sell the drug was contingent on a number of things, including:

The FDA approved the drug for antidepressant use in February 2008, and was to be available in US pharmacies in May 2008. [23]

In March 2017, the generic form of the drug was made available in the US.[ citation needed ]

Canada

On February 4, 2009, Health Canada approved use of desvenlafaxine for treatment of depression. [24] [25]

European Union

In 2009, an application to market desvenlafaxine for major depressive disorder in the European Union was declined. [7] In 2012, Pfizer received authorization in Spain to market desvenlafaxine for the disorder. [26] [27] In August 2022, following a 14-year approval process, desvenlafaxine was brought to the market for the disorder in Germany. [28] Desvenlaflaxine is available in Italy in 2025

Australia

Desvenlafaxine is classified as a schedule 4 (prescription only) drug in Australia. It was listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in 2008 for the treatment of major depressive disorders. [29]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  2. ↑ "Mental health". Health Canada . 9 May 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  3. ↑ "Desvenlafaxine Metabolic pathways". SMPBD. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Desvenlafaxine Succinate Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  5. 1 2 Coleman KA, Xavier VY, Palmer TL, Meaney JV, Radalj LM, Canny LM (September 2012). "An indirect comparison of the efficacy and safety of desvenlafaxine and venlafaxine using placebo as the common comparator". CNS Spectrums. 17 (3): 131–141. doi:10.1017/S1092852912000648. PMID   22883424. S2CID   35165334.
  6. ↑ Poitras V, Visintini S. Desvenlafaxine versus Venlafaxine for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Review of the Comparative Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2017 Oct 25. Key Findings. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507131/
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Withdrawal Assessment Report for Dessvenlafaxime" (PDF). EMA. p. 3. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  8. ↑ Rejas Gutiérrez J, Blanca Tamayo M, Gascón Barrachina J, Armada Peláez B. Evaluación económica de la desvenlafaxina en el tratamiento de la depresión mayor en España [Economic evaluation of desvenlafaxine in the treatment of major depressive disorder in Spain]. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment. 2016 Apr-Jun;9(2):87-96. Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2015.08.002. Epub 2015 Oct 21. PMID: 26475204 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26475204/
  9. ↑ Miller K, King LM (10 July 2024). Begum J (ed.). "Withdrawal From Antidepressants: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments". WebMD. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  10. ↑ "Desvenlafaxine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  11. ↑ "Top 300 of 2023". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 August 2025. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  12. ↑ "Desvenlafaxine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2023". ClinCalc. Retrieved 20 August 2025.
  13. 1 2 "PRODUCT INFORMATION – PRISTIQ desvenlafaxine (as succinate)" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
  14. ↑ Perry R, Cassagnol M (June 2009). "Desvenlafaxine: a new serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of adults with major depressive disorder". Clinical Therapeutics. 31 (Pt 1): 1374–1404. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.07.012. PMID   19698900.
  15. ↑ Thase ME, Kornstein SG, Germain JM, Jiang Q, Guico-Pabia C, Ninan PT (March 2009). "An integrated analysis of the efficacy of desvenlafaxine compared with placebo in patients with major depressive disorder". CNS Spectrums. 14 (3): 144–154. doi:10.1017/s1092852900020125. PMID   19407711. S2CID   32901068.
  16. ↑ Soares CN, Kornstein SG, Thase ME, Jiang Q, Guico-Pabia CJ (October 2009). "Assessing the efficacy of desvenlafaxine for improving functioning and well-being outcome measures in patients with major depressive disorder: a pooled analysis of 9 double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week clinical trials". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 70 (10): 1365–1371. doi:10.4088/JCP.09m05133blu. PMID   19906341.
  17. ↑ "DESVENLAFAXINE tablet, extended release [Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc.]". DailyMed. Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc. March 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  18. ↑ "desvenlafaxine (Rx) - Pristiq, Khedezla". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  19. ↑ Lemke TL, Williams DA (2012). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 609. ISBN   978-1-60913-345-0.
  20. 1 2 3 Deecher DC, Beyer CE, Johnston G, Bray J, Shah S, Abou-Gharbia M, et al. (August 2006). "Desvenlafaxine succinate: A new serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 318 (2): 657–665. doi:10.1124/jpet.106.103382. PMID   16675639. S2CID   15063064.
  21. ↑ Roth BL, Driscol J (Dec 2012). "PDSP Ki Database". Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the United States National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  22. ↑ "Wyeth Receives Approvable Letter From FDA For Pristiq (Desvenlafaxine Succinate) For The Treatment Of Major Depressive Disorder" (Press release). 2007-01-23. Archived from the original on 2007-02-21. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
  23. ↑ "FDA Approves Pristiq" (Press release). Wyeth. 2008-02-29. Archived from the original on 2008-03-05. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  24. ↑ Health Canada Notice of Compliance - Pristiq [ permanent dead link ]. February 4, 2009, retrieved on March 9, 2009.
  25. ↑ "Summary Basis of Decision (SBD) PrPristiq". Health Canada. 2009-05-29. Archived from the original on 2016-10-18. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
  26. ↑ "Pristiq 100 mg Comprimidos de Liberacion Prolongada". AEMPS Medicines Online Information Center - CIMA. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
  27. ↑ "Pristiq 50 mg Comprimidos de Liberacion Prolongada". AEMPS Medicines Online Information Center - CIMA. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
  28. ↑ Möthrath C (August 1, 2022). "Desvenlafaxin: Grünes Licht nach 14 Jahren". Apotheke Adhoc (in German). Retrieved 2022-08-12.
  29. ↑ "Desvenlafaxine succinate, tablet, (extended release), 50 mg and 100 mg (base), Pristiq®, November 2008". Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS).
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