Desvenlafaxine

Last updated

Desvenlafaxine
Desvenlafaxine.svg
Desvenlafaxine molecule ball.png
Clinical data
Trade names Pristiq, Desfax, Ellefore, others
Other namesO-desmethylvenlafaxine, WY-45233
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a608022
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU:B2
Routes of
administration 		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 80%
Protein binding Low (30%)
Metabolism CYP2C19, [4] CYP3A4, (CYP2D6 is not involved)
Elimination half-life 11 h
Excretion 45% excreted unchanged in urine
Identifiers
  • (RS)-4-[2-dimethylamino-1-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)
    ethyl]phenol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.149.615 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C16H25NO2
Molar mass 263.381 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • OC2(C(c1ccc(O)cc1)CN(C)C)CCCCC2
  • InChI=1S/C16H25NO2/c1-17(2)12-15(13-6-8-14(18)9-7-13)16(19)10-4-3-5-11-16/h6-9,15,18-19H,3-5,10-12H2,1-2H3 Yes check.svgY
  • Key:KYYIDSXMWOZKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
 X mark.svgNYes check.svgY  (what is this?)    (verify)

Desvenlafaxine, sold under the brand name Pristiq among others, is a medication used to treat depression. [5] It is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class and is taken by mouth. [5] It is recommended that the need for further treatment be occasionally reassessed. [5] It may be less effective than its parent compound venlafaxine, [6] although some studies have found comparable efficacy. [7]

Contents

Common side effects include dizziness, trouble sleeping, increased sweating, constipation, sleepiness, anxiety, and sexual problems. [5] Serious side effects may include suicide in those under the age of 25, serotonin syndrome, bleeding, mania, and high blood pressure. [5] There is a high risk of withdrawal syndrome which may occur if the dose is decreased or the medication is completely stopped. [5] [8] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [9]

Desvenlafaxine was approved for medical use in the United States in 2008. [5] In Europe its application for use was denied in 2009, [6] but it is available in Spain and Germany.[ citation needed ] In 2022, it was the 208th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with almost 2 million prescriptions. [10] [11]

Medical uses

Desvenlafaxine is primarily used as a treatment for major depressive disorder. [12] Use has only been studied up to 8 weeks. [5] It may be less effective than venlafaxine, [6] although some studies have found comparable efficacy with a lower rate of nausea. [7]

Doses of 50 to 400 mg/day appear effective for major depressive disorder, although no additional benefit was demonstrated at doses greater than 50 mg/day, and adverse events and discontinuations were more frequent at higher doses. [13]

Desvenlafaxine improves the HAM-D17 score [14] and measures of well-being such as the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5). [15]

Adverse effects

Frequency of adverse effects: [12] [16] [17]

Very common adverse effects include:

Common adverse effects include:

Uncommon adverse effects include:

Rare adverse effects include:

Common adverse effects whose intensity is unknown include:

Pharmacology

Desvenlafaxine is a synthetic form of the isolated major active metabolite of venlafaxine, and is categorized as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). When most normal metabolizers take venlafaxine, approximately 70% of the dose is metabolized into desvenlafaxine, so the effects of the two drugs are expected to be very similar. [18] It works by blocking the "reuptake" transporters for key neurotransmitters affecting mood, thereby leaving more active neurotransmitters in the synapse. The neurotransmitters affected are serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). It is approximately 10 times more potent at inhibiting serotonin uptake than norepinephrine uptake. [19]

TransporterKi[nM] [19] [20] IC50 [nM] [19]
SERT 40.247.3
NET 558.4531.3

Approval status

United States

Pristiq 50 mg tablets (US) Pristiq pills.jpg
Pristiq 50 mg tablets (US)

Wyeth announced on 23 January 2007 that it received an approvable letter from the Food and Drug Administration for desvenlafaxine. Final approval to sell the drug was contingent on a number of things, including:

The FDA approved the drug for antidepressant use in February 2008, and was to be available in US pharmacies in May 2008. [22]

In March 2017, the generic form of the drug was made available in the US.[ citation needed ]

Canada

On February 4, 2009, Health Canada approved use of desvenlafaxine for treatment of depression. [23] [24]

European Union

In 2009, an application to market desvenlafaxine for major depressive disorder in the European Union was declined. [6] In 2012, Pfizer received authorization in Spain to market desvenlafaxine for the disorder. [25] [26] In August 2022, following a 14-year approval process, desvenlafaxine was brought to the market for the disorder in Germany. [27]

Australia

Desvenlafaxine is classified as a schedule 4 (prescription only) drug in Australia. It was listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in 2008 for the treatment of major depressive disorders. [28]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antidepressant</span> Class of medication used to treat depression and other conditions

Antidepressants are a class of medications used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and addiction.

An anxiolytic is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety. This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents which increase anxiety. Anxiolytic medications are used for the treatment of anxiety disorders and their related psychological and physical symptoms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tricyclic antidepressant</span> Class of medications

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants. TCAs were discovered in the early 1950s and were marketed later in the decade. They are named after their chemical structure, which contains three rings of atoms. Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), which contain four rings of atoms, are a closely related group of antidepressant compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paroxetine</span> SSRI antidepressant medication

Paroxetine, sold under the brand names Paxil and Seroxat among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It has also been used in the treatment of premature ejaculation and hot flashes due to menopause. It is taken orally.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sertraline</span> Antidepressant (SSRI class) medication

Sertraline, sold under the brand name Zoloft among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. The effectiveness of sertraline for depression is similar to that of other antidepressants, and the differences are mostly confined to side effects. Sertraline is better tolerated than the older tricyclic antidepressants. Sertraline is effective for panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Although approved for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sertraline leads to only modest improvement in this condition. Sertraline also alleviates the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and can be used in sub-therapeutic doses or intermittently for its treatment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fluvoxamine</span> SSRI antidepressant drug

Fluvoxamine, sold under the brand name Luvox among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but is also used to treat anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tranylcypromine</span> Irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor Antidepressant drug

Tranylcypromine, sold under the brand name Parnate among others, is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). More specifically, tranylcypromine acts as nonselective and irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). It is used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic agent in the clinical treatment of mood and anxiety disorders, respectively. It is also effective in the treatment of ADHD.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venlafaxine</span> Antidepressant medication

Venlafaxine, sold under the brand name Effexor among others, is an antidepressant medication of the serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Studies have shown that venlafaxine improves post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It may also be used for chronic pain. It is taken orally. It is also available as the salt venlafaxine besylate in an extended-release formulation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mirtazapine</span> Antidepressant medication

Mirtazapine, sold under the brand name Remeron among others, is an atypical tetracyclic antidepressant, and as such is used primarily to treat depression. Its effects may take up to four weeks but can also manifest as early as one to two weeks. It is often used in cases of depression complicated by anxiety or insomnia. The effectiveness of mirtazapine is comparable to other commonly prescribed antidepressants. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duloxetine</span> Antidepressant medication used also for treatment of anxiety and chronic pain

Duloxetine, sold under the brand name Cymbalta among others, is a medication used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain and central sensitization. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor</span> Class of antidepressant medication

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant medications used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, social phobia, chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), and menopausal symptoms. Off-label uses include treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and migraine prevention. SNRIs are monoamine reuptake inhibitors; specifically, they inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters are thought to play an important role in mood regulation. SNRIs can be contrasted with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), which act upon single neurotransmitters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clomipramine</span> Antidepressant

Clomipramine, sold under the brand name Anafranil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). It is used in the treatment of various conditions, most notably obsessive–compulsive disorder but also many other disorders, including hyperacusis, panic disorder, major depressive disorder, trichotillomania, body dysmorphic disorder and chronic pain. It has also been notably used to treat premature ejaculation and the cataplexy associated with narcolepsy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milnacipran</span> Antidepressant

Milnacipran is a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used in the clinical treatment of fibromyalgia. It is not approved for the clinical treatment of major depressive disorder in the US, but it is in other countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vilazodone</span> Antidepressant medication

Vilazodone, sold under the brand name Viibryd among others, is a medication used to treat major depressive disorder. It is classified as a serotonin modulator and is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vortioxetine</span> Serotonin modulator antidepressant

Vortioxetine, sold under the brand name Trintellix among others, is an antidepressant of the serotonin modulator and stimulator (SMS) class. Its effectiveness is viewed as similar to that of other antidepressants. It is taken orally.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Levomilnacipran</span> SNRI antidepressant drug

Levomilnacipran is an antidepressant which was approved in the United States in 2013 for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. It is the levorotatory enantiomer of milnacipran, and has similar effects and pharmacology, acting as a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</span> Class of antidepressant medication

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and other psychological conditions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amitifadine</span> Chemical compound

Amitifadine is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) or so-called triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI) which is or was being developed by Euthymics Bioscience. It was under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder, but in May 2013, it was reported that the drug failed to show superior efficacy to placebo in a phase IIb/IIIa clinical trial. it was suggested that this may have been due to the drug being underdosed. In September 2017, development of amitifadine for the treatment of major depressive disorder was finally officially discontinued. As of September 2017, it is still listed as being under development for the treatment of alcoholism and smoking withdrawal.

Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (sNRIs) are a class of drugs that have been marketed as antidepressants and are used for various mental disorders, mainly depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The norepinephrine transporter (NET) serves as the fundamental mechanism for the inactivation of noradrenergic signaling because of the NET termination in the reuptake of norepinephrine (NE). The selectivity and mechanism of action for the NRI drugs remain mostly unresolved and, to date, only a limited number of NRI-selective inhibitors are available. The first commercially available selective NRI was the drug reboxetine (Edronax), developed as a first-line therapy for major depressive disorder. Atomoxetine (Strattera) is another potent and selective NRI which is also effective and well tolerated for the treatment of ADHD in adults; it may also be a new treatment option for adults with ADHD, particularly for those patients at risk of substance abuse.

References

  1. ↑ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  2. ↑ "Mental health". Health Canada . 9 May 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  3. ↑ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA . Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.
  4. ↑ "Desvenlafaxine Metabolic pathways". SMPBD. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Desvenlafaxine Succinate Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Withdrawal Assessment Report for Dessvenlafaxime" (PDF). EMA. p. 3. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  7. 1 2 Coleman KA, Xavier VY, Palmer TL, Meaney JV, Radalj LM, Canny LM (September 2012). "An indirect comparison of the efficacy and safety of desvenlafaxine and venlafaxine using placebo as the common comparator". CNS Spectrums. 17 (3): 131–141. doi:10.1017/S1092852912000648. PMID   22883424. S2CID   35165334.
  8. ↑ Miller K, King LM (10 July 2024). Begum J (ed.). "Withdrawal From Antidepressants: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments". WebMD. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  9. ↑ "Desvenlafaxine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  10. ↑ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 27 August 2024. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  11. ↑ "Desvenlafaxine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  12. 1 2 "PRODUCT INFORMATION – PRISTIQ desvenlafaxine (as succinate)" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
  13. ↑ Perry R, Cassagnol M (June 2009). "Desvenlafaxine: a new serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of adults with major depressive disorder". Clinical Therapeutics. 31 (Pt 1): 1374–1404. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.07.012. PMID   19698900.
  14. ↑ Thase ME, Kornstein SG, Germain JM, Jiang Q, Guico-Pabia C, Ninan PT (March 2009). "An integrated analysis of the efficacy of desvenlafaxine compared with placebo in patients with major depressive disorder". CNS Spectrums. 14 (3): 144–154. doi:10.1017/s1092852900020125. PMID   19407711. S2CID   32901068.
  15. ↑ Soares CN, Kornstein SG, Thase ME, Jiang Q, Guico-Pabia CJ (October 2009). "Assessing the efficacy of desvenlafaxine for improving functioning and well-being outcome measures in patients with major depressive disorder: a pooled analysis of 9 double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week clinical trials". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 70 (10): 1365–1371. doi:10.4088/JCP.09m05133blu. PMID   19906341.
  16. ↑ "DESVENLAFAXINE tablet, extended release [Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc.]". DailyMed. Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc. March 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  17. ↑ "desvenlafaxine (Rx) - Pristiq, Khedezla". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  18. ↑ Lemke TL, Williams DA (2012). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 609. ISBN   978-1-60913-345-0.
  19. 1 2 3 Deecher DC, Beyer CE, Johnston G, Bray J, Shah S, Abou-Gharbia M, et al. (August 2006). "Desvenlafaxine succinate: A new serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 318 (2): 657–665. doi:10.1124/jpet.106.103382. PMID   16675639. S2CID   15063064.
  20. ↑ Roth BL, Driscol J (Dec 2012). "PDSP Ki Database". Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the United States National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  21. ↑ "Wyeth Receives Approvable Letter From FDA For Pristiq (Desvenlafaxine Succinate) For The Treatment Of Major Depressive Disorder" (Press release). 2007-01-23. Archived from the original on 2007-02-21. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
  22. ↑ "FDA Approves Pristiq" (Press release). Wyeth. 2008-02-29. Archived from the original on 2008-03-05. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  23. ↑ Health Canada Notice of Compliance - Pristiq [ permanent dead link ]. February 4, 2009, retrieved on March 9, 2009.
  24. ↑ "Summary Basis of Decision (SBD) PrPristiq". Health Canada. 2009-05-29. Archived from the original on 2016-10-18. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
  25. ↑ "Pristiq 100 mg Comprimidos de Liberacion Prolongada". AEMPS Medicines Online Information Center - CIMA. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
  26. ↑ "Pristiq 50 mg Comprimidos de Liberacion Prolongada". AEMPS Medicines Online Information Center - CIMA. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
  27. ↑ Möthrath C (August 1, 2022). "Desvenlafaxin: Grünes Licht nach 14 Jahren". Apotheke Adhoc (in German). Retrieved 2022-08-12.
  28. ↑ "Desvenlafaxine succinate, tablet, (extended release), 50 mg and 100 mg (base), Pristiq®, November 2008". Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS).
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.