4-Methylphenmetrazine

Last updated
4-Methylphenmetrazine
4-Methylphenmetrazine.svg
Identifiers
  • 3-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)morpholine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
Formula C12H17NO
Molar mass 191.274 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC1C(OCCN1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C
  • InChI=1S/C12H17NO/c1-9-3-5-11(6-4-9)12-10(2)13-7-8-14-12/h3-6,10,12-13H,7-8H2,1-2H3
  • Key:NWNCIXFIIDVRKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

4-Methylphenmetrazine (mephenmetrazine, 4-MPM, PAL-747) is a recreational designer drug with stimulant effects. It is a substituted phenylmorpholine derivative, closely related to better known drugs such as phenmetrazine and 3-fluorophenmetrazine. It was first identified in Slovenia in 2015, [1] [2] and has been shown to act as a monoamine releaser with some preference for serotonin release. [3] [4]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amphetamine</span> Central nervous system stimulant

Amphetamine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity; it is also used to treat binge eating disorder in the form of its inactive prodrug lisdexamfetamine. Amphetamine was discovered as a chemical in 1887 by Lazăr Edeleanu, and then as a drug in the late 1920s. It exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Amphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemic free base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers in their pure amine forms. The term is frequently used informally to refer to any combination of the enantiomers, or to either of them alone. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is a prescription drug in many countries, and unauthorized possession and distribution of amphetamine are often tightly controlled due to the significant health risks associated with recreational use.

α-Methyltryptamine Chemical compound

α-Methyltryptamine is a psychedelic, stimulant, and entactogen drug of the tryptamine family. It was originally developed as an antidepressant at Upjohn in the 1960s, and was used briefly as an antidepressant in the Soviet Union under the brand name Indopan or Indopane before being discontinued.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methedrone</span> Chemical compound of the cathinone class

Methedrone is a recreational drug of the cathinone chemical class. Chemically, methedrone is closely related to para-methoxymethamphetamine (PMMA), methylone and mephedrone. Methedrone received media attention in 2009 after the death of two young Swedish men. In both cases toxicology analysis showed methedrone was the only drug present in both men during the time of their overdose and subsequent deaths.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nefopam</span> Analgesic medication

Nefopam, sold under the brand name Acupan among others, is a centrally acting, non-opioid painkilling medication, with central stimulant and sympathomimetic properties that is primarily used to treat moderate to severe pain.

α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone Chemical compound

α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP), also known as α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, O-2387, β-keto-prolintane, prolintanone, or desmethylpyrovalerone, is a synthetic stimulant of the cathinone class developed in the 1960s that has been sold as a designer drug and often consumed for recreational reasons. α-PVP is chemically related to pyrovalerone and is the ketone analog of prolintane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5-IT</span> Chemical compound

5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole is an indole and phenethylamine derivative with empathogenic effects. Its preparation was first reported by Albert Hofmann in 1962. It is a designer drug that has been openly sold as a recreational drug by online vendors since 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Substituted cathinone</span> Class of chemical compounds

Substituted cathinones, or simply cathinones, which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions. Cathinone occurs naturally in the plant khat whose leaves are chewed as a recreational drug.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">G-130</span> Chemical compound

G-130 is a drug with stimulant and anorectic effects, related to phenmetrazine.

A monoamine reuptake inhibitor (MRI) is a drug that acts as a reuptake inhibitor of one or more of the three major monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine by blocking the action of one or more of the respective monoamine transporters (MATs), which include the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and dopamine transporter (DAT). This in turn results in an increase in the synaptic concentrations of one or more of these neurotransmitters and therefore an increase in monoaminergic neurotransmission.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acetylfentanyl</span> Opioid analgesic

Acetylfentanyl is an opioid analgesic drug that is an analog of fentanyl. Studies have estimated acetylfentanyl to be 15 times more potent than morphine, which would mean that despite being somewhat weaker than fentanyl, it is nevertheless still several times stronger than pure heroin. It has never been licensed for medical use and instead has only been sold on the illicit drug market. Acetylfentanyl was discovered at the same time as fentanyl itself and had only rarely been encountered on the illicit market in the late 1980s. However, in 2013, Canadian police seized 3 kilograms of acetylfentanyl. As a μ-opioid receptor agonist, acetylfentanyl may serve as a direct substitute for oxycodone, heroin or other opioids. Common side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea, and potentially fatal respiratory depression. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3-Methylmethcathinone</span> Substituted cathinone designer drug

3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC), also known as metaphedrone, is a designer drug from the substituted cathinone family. 3-MMC is a monoamine transporter substrate that potently releases and inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, as well as displaying moderate serotonin releasing activity. Unlike some synthetic cathinones, 3-MMC has been evaluated in at least one large mammal study.

α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone Stimulant drug

α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone is a synthetic stimulant drug of the cathinone class developed in the 1960s which has been reported as a novel designer drug.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adamantyl-THPINACA</span> Chemical compound

Adamantyl-THPINACA is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid, which was first reported to Europol in Slovenia in January 2015. It is known as both the 1-adamantyl and 2-adamantyl isomers, which can be distinguished by GC-EI-MS. It is banned in Sweden and Russia. Both the 1-adamantyl and 2-adamantyl isomers are specifically listed as illegal drugs in Japan. Given the known metabolic liberation of amantadine in the related compound APINACA, it is suspected that metabolic hydrolysis of the amide group of Adamantyl-THPINACA may also release amantadine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Substituted phenylmorpholine</span> Class of chemical compounds

Substituted phenylmorpholines, or substituted phenmetrazines alternatively, are chemical derivatives of phenylmorpholine or of the psychostimulant drug phenmetrazine. Most such compounds act as releasers of monoamine neurotransmitters, and have stimulant effects. Some also act as agonists at serotonin receptors, and compounds with an N-propyl substitution act as dopamine receptor agonists. A number of derivatives from this class have been investigated for medical applications, such as for use as anorectics or medications for the treatment of ADHD. Some compounds have also become subject to illicit use as designer drugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mexedrone</span> Stimulant and entactogen drug

Mexedrone is a stimulant and an entactogen drug of the cathinone class that has been sold online as a designer drug. It is the alpha-methoxy derivative of Mephedrone.

<i>N</i>-Ethylhexedrone Stimulant of the cathinone class

N-Ethylhexedrone (also known as α-ethylaminocaprophenone, N-ethylnorhexedrone, hexen, and NEH) is a stimulant of the cathinone class that acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) with IC50 values of 0.0978 and 0.0467 μM, respectively. N-Ethylhexedrone was first mentioned in a series of patents by Boehringer Ingelheim in the 1960s which led to the development of the better-known drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Since the mid-2010s, N-ethylhexedrone has been sold online as a designer drug. In 2018, N-ethylhexedrone was the second most common drug of the cathinone class to be identified in Drug Enforcement Administration seizures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5-MBPB</span> Chemical compound

5-MBPB is an amphetamine and phenylisobutylamine derivative which is structurally related to MDMA and has been sold as a designer drug. It can be described as the benzofuran-5-yl analogue of MBDB or the butanamine homologue of 5-MAPB, and is also a structural isomer of 5-EAPB and 6-EAPB. Anecdotal reports suggest this compound has been sold as a designer drug in various European countries since early 2015, but the first definitive identification was made in December 2015 by a forensic laboratory in Slovenia.

α-PHiP Stimulant drug

α-Pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone is a stimulant drug of the cathinone class that has been sold online as a designer drug. It acts as a potent norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). In July 2016 α-PHiP was first identified as a designer drug when it was reported to the EMCDDA by a forensic laboratory in Slovenia. It is a positional isomer of pyrovalerone, with the methyl group shifted from the 4-position of the aromatic ring to the 4-position of the acyl chain. Similarly to other cathinones, use of α-PiHP can result in compulsive redosing, addiction, anxiety, paranoia, and psychosis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3-Chlorophenmetrazine</span> Chemical compound

3-Chlorophenmetrazine is a recreational designer drug with stimulant effects. It is a substituted phenylmorpholine derivative, closely related to better known drugs such as phenmetrazine and 3-fluorophenmetrazine. It has been shown to act as a monoamine releaser with some preference for dopamine and noradrenaline release over serotonin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Substituted β-hydroxyamphetamine</span> Class of compounds based upon the β-hydroxyamphetamine structure

Substituted β-hydroxyamphetamines, or simply β-hydroxyamphetamines, also known as substituted phenylisopropanolamines, substituted phenylpropanolamines, substituted norephedrines, or substituted cathinols, are derivatives of β-hydroxyamphetamine with one or more chemical substituents. They are substituted phenethylamines, phenylethanolamines (β-hydroxyphenethylamines), and amphetamines (α-methylphenethylamines), and are closely related to but distinct from the substituted cathinones (β-ketoamphetamines). Examples of β-hydroxyamphetamines include the β-hydroxyamphetamine stereoisomers phenylpropanolamine and cathine and the stereospecific N-methylated β-hydroxyamphetamine derivatives ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, among many others.

References

  1. "Analytical Report. 4-MPH (C12H17NO) 3-methyl-2(p-tolyl)morpholine" (PDF). National Forensic Laboratory. Slovenia. 14 October 2015.
  2. "Europol 2015 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA" (PDF). The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) & Europol.
  3. US 20130203752,Blough BE, Rothman R, Landavazo A, Page KM, Decker AM,"Phenylmorpholines and analogues thereof",published 8 August 2013,issued 11 April 2017, assigned to National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  4. McLaughlin G, Baumann MH, Kavanagh PV, Morris N, Power JD, Dowling G, et al. (September 2018). "Synthesis, analytical characterization, and monoamine transporter activity of the new psychoactive substance 4-methylphenmetrazine (4-MPM), with differentiation from its ortho- and meta- positional isomers". Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (9): 1404–1416. doi:10.1002/dta.2396. PMC   7316143 . PMID   29673128.