CX-516

Last updated
CX-516
CX-516-2D-skeletal.svg
Clinical data
Trade names Ampalex
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life 45 minutes
Identifiers
  • 6-(Piperidin-1-ylcarbonyl)quinoxaline
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.237.047 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C14H15N3O
Molar mass 241.294 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C(c2cc1nccnc1cc2)N3CCCCC3
  • InChI=1S/C14H15N3O/c18-14(17-8-2-1-3-9-17)11-4-5-12-13(10-11)16-7-6-15-12/h4-7,10H,1-3,8-9H2 Yes check.svgY
  • Key:ANDGGVOPIJEHOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
   (verify)

CX-516 is an ampakine and nootropic that acts as an AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator and had been undergoing development by a collaboration between Cortex, Shire, and Servier. It was studied as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease under the brand name Ampalex, and was also being examined as a treatment for ADHD.

CX-516 was the first ampakine compound developed by Cortex and while it showed good in vitro activity and positive results in animal tests, the human trials proved disappointing due mainly to low potency and short half-life. However, CX-516 is still widely used in animal research into the ampakine drugs and is the standard reference compound that newer, more potent drugs of this class such as farampator and CX-717 are compared to.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ampakine</span> Subgroup of AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulators

Ampakines or AMPAkines are a subgroup of AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulators with a benzamide or closely related chemical structure. They are also known as "CX compounds". Ampakines take their name from the AMPA receptor (AMPAR), a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor with which the ampakines interact and act as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of. Although all ampakines are AMPAR PAMs, not all AMPAR PAMs are ampakines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CX717</span> Ampakine

CX717 is an ampakine compound created by Christopher Marrs and Gary Rogers in 1996 at Cortex Pharmaceuticals. It affects the neurotransmitter glutamate, with trials showing the drug improves cognitive functioning and memory.

Racetams are a class of drugs that share a pyrrolidone nucleus. Some, such as piracetam, aniracetam, oxiracetam, pramiracetam and phenylpiracetam are considered nootropics. Others such as levetiracetam, brivaracetam, and seletracetam are anticonvulsants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Farampator</span> Chemical compound

Farampator is an ampakine drug. It was developed by Cortex Pharmaceuticals, and licensed to Organon BioSciences for commercial development. Following the purchase of Organon by Schering-Plough in 2007, the development license to farampator was transferred. The development of farampator was eventually terminated, reportedly due to concerns about cardiac toxicity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CX614</span> Chemical compound

CX-614 is an ampakine drug developed by Cortex Pharmaceuticals. It has been investigated for its effect on AMPA receptors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CX-546</span> Chemical compound

CX-546 is an ampakine drug developed by Cortex Pharmaceuticals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IDRA-21</span> Chemical compound

IDRA-21 is a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor and a benzothiadiazine derivative. It is a chiral molecule, with (+)-IDRA-21 being the active form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LY-503430</span> Chemical compound

LY-503430 is an AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator developed by Eli Lilly.

RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a pharmaceutical company based in Glen Rock, New Jersey specializing in positive allosteric modulators of the AMPA receptor known as Ampakines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclothiazide</span> Chemical compound

Cyclothiazide, sometimes abbreviated CTZ, is a benzothiadiazide (thiazide) diuretic and antihypertensive that was originally introduced in the United States in 1963 by Eli Lilly and was subsequently also marketed in Europe and Japan. Related drugs include diazoxide, hydrochlorothiazide, and chlorothiazide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LY-404187</span> Chemical compound

LY-404187 is an AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator which was developed by Eli Lilly and Company. It is a member of the biarylpropylsulfonamide class of AMPA receptor potentiators.

In pharmacology and biochemistry, allosteric modulators are a group of substances that bind to a receptor to change that receptor's response to stimuli. Some of them, like benzodiazepines or alcohol, function as psychoactive drugs. The site that an allosteric modulator binds to is not the same one to which an endogenous agonist of the receptor would bind. Modulators and agonists can both be called receptor ligands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CDPPB</span> Chemical compound

CDPPB is a drug used in scientific research which acts as a positive allosteric modulator selective for the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR5. It has antipsychotic effects in animal models, and mGluR5 modulators are under investigation as potential drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia, as well as other applications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unifiram</span> Chemical compound

Unifiram is an experimental drug. that has antiamnesic and other effects in animal studies with far greater potency than piracetam. A number of related compounds are known, such as sunifiram (DM-235) and sapunifiram (MN-19). Unifiram has two enantiomers, with the dextro form being the more active isomer. It has been shown to reduce the duration of hypnosis induced by pentobarbital, without impairing motor coordination. As of 2015, no formal human studies with unifiram have been conducted. Unifiram is not patented and, despite the lack of human and long-term toxicity studies, it is commonly sold online.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">S-18986</span> Chemical compound

S-18986 is a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor related to cyclothiazide. It has nootropic and neuroprotective effects in animal studies, and induces both production of BDNF and AMPA-mediated release of noradrenaline and acetylcholine in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the brain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ORG-26576</span> Ampakine

ORG-26576 is an ampakine originally developed by Cortex Pharmaceuticals and then licensed to Organon International for development. In animal studies it has been shown to effectively potentiate AMPA receptor function, leading to increased BDNF release and enhanced neuronal differentiation and survival, as well as producing nootropic effects in standardised assays. Development as an antidepressant has been halted due to a failed Phase II trial for major depressive disorder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pesampator</span> Chemical compound

Pesampator is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the AMPA receptor (AMPAR), an ionotropic glutamate receptor, which is under development by Pfizer for the treatment of cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. It was also under development for the treatment of age-related sensorineural hearing loss, but development for this indication was terminated due to insufficient effectiveness. As of July 2018, pesampator is in phase II clinical trials for cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mibampator</span> Chemical compound

Mibampator is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the AMPA receptor (AMPAR), an ionotropic glutamate receptor, which was under development by Eli Lilly for the treatment of agitation/aggression in Alzheimer's disease but was never marketed. It reached phase II clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tulrampator</span> Chemical compound

Tulrampator is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the AMPA receptor (AMPAR), an ionotropic glutamate receptor, which is under development by RespireRx Pharmaceuticals and Servier for the treatment of major depressive disorder, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. Tulrampator was in phase II clinical trial for depression, but failed to show superiority over placebo. There are also phase II clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease and phase I trials for dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator</span>

AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulators are positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the AMPA receptor (AMPR), a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor which mediates most fast synaptic neurotransmission in the central nervous system.

References