Prednisolone is a steroid medication used to treat certain types of allergies, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. Some of these conditions include adrenocortical insufficiency, high blood calcium, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, eye inflammation, asthma, and multiple sclerosis. It can be taken by mouth, injected into a vein, used topically as a skin cream, or as eye drops.
Methohexital or methohexitone is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. It is classified as short-acting, and has a rapid onset of action. It is similar in its effects to sodium thiopental, a drug with which it competed in the market for anaesthetics.
Gidazepam, also known as hydazepam or hidazepam, is a drug which is an atypical benzodiazepine derivative, developed in the Soviet Union. It is a selectively anxiolytic benzodiazepine. It also has therapeutic value in the management of certain cardiovascular disorders.
Ethallobarbital, also known as ethallymal and 5-allyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid, is an allyl-substituted barbiturate described as a sedative/hypnotic. It was first synthesized in 1927.
Heptabarb, also known as heptabarbitone (BAN) or heptabarbital, is a sedative and hypnotic drug of the barbiturate family. It was used in Europe for the treatment of insomnia from the 1950s onwards, but has since been discontinued.
Fluspirilene is a diphenylbutylpiperidine typical antipsychotic drug, used for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is administered intramuscularly. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1963. A 2007 systematic review investigated the efficacy of fluspirilene decanoate for people with schizophrenia:
Bromperidol, sold under the brand names Bromidol and Impromen among others, is a typical antipsychotic of the butyrophenone group which is used in the treatment of schizophrenia. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1966. An ester prodrug, bromperidol decanoate, is a long-acting form of bromperidol used as a depot injectable.
Delorazepam, also known as chlordesmethyldiazepam and nordiclazepam, is a drug which is a benzodiazepine and a derivative of desmethyldiazepam. It is marketed in Italy, where it is available under the trade name EN and Dadumir. Delorazepam (chlordesmethyldiazepam) is also an active metabolite of the benzodiazepine drugs diclazepam and cloxazolam. Adverse effects may include hangover type effects, drowsiness, behavioural impairments and short-term memory impairments. Similar to other benzodiazepines delorazepam has anxiolytic, skeletal muscle relaxant, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties.
An active metabolite is an active form of a drug after it has been processed by the body.
Bucolome (Paramidine) is a barbiturate derivative. Unlike most barbiturates it does not have any significant sedative or hypnotic effects, but instead acts as an analgesic and antiinflammatory. It also acts as a CYP2C9 inhibitor and reduces the metabolism of several commonly used drugs, which makes it useful for potentiating or extending the duration of action of those drugs, or reducing the production of unwanted metabolites.
Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid. They are effective when used medically as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants, but have physical and psychological addiction potential as well as overdose potential among other possible adverse effects. They have been used recreationally for their anxiolytic and sedative effects, and are thus controlled in most countries due to the risks associated with such use.
Dieticyclidine (PCDE), or diethylphenylcyclohexylamine, is a psychoactive drug and research chemical of the arylcyclohexylamine chemical class related to phencyclidine (PCP) and eticyclidine (PCE). It acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist but has low potency and acts mainly as a prodrug for eticyclidine.
Gabapentin enacarbil is an anticonvulsant and analgesic drug of the gabapentinoid class, and a prodrug to gabapentin. It was designed for increased oral bioavailability over gabapentin, and human trials showed it to produce extended release of gabapentin with almost twice the overall bioavailability, especially when taken with a fatty meal. Gabapentin enacarbil has passed human clinical trials for the treatment of restless legs syndrome, and initial results have shown it to be well tolerated and reasonably effective.
Difebarbamate (INN) is a tranquilizer of the barbiturate and carbamate families which is used in Europe as a component of a combination drug formulation referred to as tetrabamate.
17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone, also known as 3-ketoallylestrenol or as 17α-allylestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one, is a progestin which was never marketed. It is a combined derivative of the anabolic–androgenic steroid and progestogen nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) and the antiandrogen allyltestosterone (17α-allyltestosterone). The drug is a major active metabolite of allylestrenol, which is thought to be a prodrug of 17α-allyl-19-nortestosterone.
Dinalbuphine sebacate (DNS), also known as nalbuphine sebacate or as sebacoyl dinalbuphine ester (SDE) and sold under the brand name Naldebain, is a non-controlled opioid analgesic which is used as a 7-day long-acting injection in the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative pain.
Bromperidol decanoate, sold under the brand names Bromidol Depot, Bromodol Decanoato, and Impromen Decanoas, is an antipsychotic which has been marketed in Europe and Latin America. It is an antipsychotic ester and long-acting prodrug of bromperidol which is administered by depot intramuscular injection once every 4 weeks.
Perphenazine enanthate, sold under the brand name Trilafon Enantat among others, is a typical antipsychotic and a depot antipsychotic ester which is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and has been marketed in Europe. It is formulated in sesame oil and administered by intramuscular injection and acts as a long-lasting prodrug of perphenazine. Perphenazine enanthate is used at a dose of 25 to 200 mg once every 2 weeks by injection, with a time to peak levels of 2 to 3 days and an elimination half-life of 4 to 7 days.
GS-6620 is an antiviral drug which is a nucleotide analogue. It was developed for the treatment of Hepatitis C but while it showed potent antiviral effects in early testing, it could not be successfully formulated into an oral dosage form due to low and variable absorption in the intestines which made blood levels unpredictable. It has however continued to be researched as a potential treatment for other viral diseases such as Ebola virus disease.
Bemnifosbuvir is an antiviral drug invented by Atea Pharmaceuticals and licensed to Roche for clinical development, a novel nucleotide analog prodrug originally developed for the treatment of hepatitis C. AT-527 is the orally bioavailable hemisulfate salt of AT-511, which is metabolised in several steps to the active nucleotide triphosphate AT-9010, acting as an RNA polymerase inhibitor and thereby interfering with viral replication. AT-527 has been researched for the treatment of coronavirus diseases such as that produced by SARS-CoV-2. It showed good results in early clinical trials but had inconsistent results at later stages, so the planned Phase 3 trials are being redesigned and results are not expected until late 2022.
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