Trochozoa

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Trochozoa
Temporal range: Cambrian Stage 2 – Recent
Eunereis longissima.jpg
Eunereis longissima Johnston, 1840
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Clade: ParaHoxozoa
Clade: Bilateria
Clade: Nephrozoa
Clade: Protostomia
Clade: Spiralia
Superphylum: Lophotrochozoa
(unranked): Trochozoa
Phyla

The Trochozoa are a proposed Lophotrochozoa clade that is a sister clade of Bryozoa and Platyzoa. The clade would include animals in five phyla: the Nemertea, the Annelida, the Mollusca, and the two Brachiozoan phyla, Brachiopoda and Phoronida. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Both annelids [8] and molluscs [9] have been suggested as the sister group of Brachiozoa. It has also been proposed that nemerteans are actually a clade of annelids. [10]

Phylogeny

Spiralia

References

  1. ↑ Paps, Jordi; Baguñà, Jaume; Riutort, Marta (2009-10-01). "Bilaterian Phylogeny: A Broad Sampling of 13 Nuclear Genes Provides a New Lophotrochozoa Phylogeny and Supports a Paraphyletic Basal Acoelomorpha". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (10): 2397–2406. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msp150 . ISSN   0737-4038. PMID   19602542.
  2. ↑ Struck, Torsten H.; Schult, Nancy; Kusen, Tiffany; Hickman, Emily; Bleidorn, Christoph; McHugh, Damhnait; Halanych, Kenneth M. (2007-01-01). "Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 57. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7...57S. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-7-57 . ISSN   1471-2148. PMC   1855331 . PMID   17411434.
  3. ↑ Hausdorf, Bernhard; Helmkampf, Martin; Meyer, Achim; Witek, Alexander; Herlyn, Holger; Bruchhaus, Iris; Hankeln, Thomas; Struck, Torsten H.; Lieb, Bernhard (2007-12-01). "Spiralian Phylogenomics Supports the Resurrection of Bryozoa Comprising Ectoprocta and Entoprocta". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (12): 2723–2729. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msm214 . ISSN   0737-4038. PMID   17921486.
  4. ↑ Struck, Torsten H.; Wey-Fabrizius, Alexandra R.; Golombek, Anja; Hering, Lars; Weigert, Anne; Bleidorn, Christoph; Klebow, Sabrina; Iakovenko, Nataliia; Hausdorf, Bernhard (2014-07-01). "Platyzoan Paraphyly Based on Phylogenomic Data Supports a Noncoelomate Ancestry of Spiralia". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 31 (7): 1833–1849. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu143 . ISSN   0737-4038. PMID   24748651.
  5. ↑ "Cycliophorans - Cycliophora - Details - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2017-09-02.
  6. ↑ "Introduction to the Lophotrochozoa". www.ucmp.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2017-09-02.
  7. ↑ "The "Lophophorates" Phylum Bryozoa Phylum Phoronida Phylum Brachiopoda - ppt video online download". slideplayer.com. Retrieved 2017-09-02.
  8. ↑ Guo, Jin; Parry, Luke A.; Vinther, Jakob; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Wei, Fan; Zhao, Jun; Zhao, Yang; Béthoux, Olivier; Lei, Xiangtong; Chen, Ailin; Hou, Xianguang; Chen, Taimin; Cong, Peiyun (2022). "A Cambrian tommotiid preserving soft tissues reveals the metameric ancestry of lophophorates". Current Biology. 32 (21): 4769–4778.e2. Bibcode:2022CBio...32E4769G. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.011 . PMID   36170853.
  9. ↑ De Vivo, Giacinto; Crocetta, Fabio; Ferretti, Miriam; Feuda, Roberto; D'Aniello, Salvatore (2023). "Duplication and Losses of Opsin Genes in Lophotrochozoan Evolution". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 40 (4) msad066. doi:10.1093/molbev/msad066. PMC   10097855 . PMID   36947081.
  10. ↑ Struck, Torsten H; Golombek, Anja; Hoesel, Christoph; Dimitrov, Dimitar; Elgetany, Asmaa Haris (2023). González, Vanessa (ed.). "Mitochondrial Genome Evolution in Annelida—A Systematic Study on Conservative and Variable Gene Orders and the Factors Influencing its Evolution". Systematic Biology. 72 (4): 925–945. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syad023. PMC   10405356 . PMID   37083277.
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