Trogiomorpha

Trogiomorpha Temporal range: Barremian–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Dorypteryx domestica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Psocodea
Suborder:	Trogiomorpha Roesler, 1940
Infraorders [1]
See text

Trogiomorpha is one of the three major suborders of barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice in the order Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera), ^{[2] [3]} alongside Troctomorpha and Psocomorpha. There are about eight families and more than 430 described species in Trogiomorpha. ^{[4] [5] [6]} Trogiomorpha is widely agreed to be the earliest diverging of the three suborders, and retains the most primitive characteristics. ^[7]

Trogium pulsatorium

Internal phylogeny

The cladogram below shows the position of Trogiomorpha within Psocodea: ^[1]

Psocodea	Troctomorpha Phthiraptera Liposcelididae Pachytroctidae Sphaeropsocidae Amphientometae Psocomorpha Trogiomorpha Atropetae Psyllipsocetae Prionoglaridetae (paraphyletic)

Characteristics

Species of Trogiomorpha possess antennae that are split into 20 or more separate pieces. ^[8] The tarsi are segmented into three separate equal pieces, and they have a strong posterior spine. They have been described as having a "mothlike" (brown) appearance in color. ^[8]

Classification

Trogiomorpha contains three infraorders and five extant (living) families, as well as three identified extinct families:

• Atropetae
  • † Archaeatropidae Baz & Ortuño, 2000
  • † Empheriidae Baz & Ortuño, 2000
  • Lepidopsocidae Enderlein, 1903 (scaly-winged barklice)
  • Psoquillidae Lienhard & Smithers, 2002 (bird nest barklice)
  • Trogiidae Roesler, 1944 (granary booklice)
• Psyllipsocetae
  • Psyllipsocidae Lienhard & Smithers, 2002 (cave barklice)
• Prionoglaridetae (paraphyletic)
  • Prionoglarididae Azar, Huang & Nel, 2017 (large-winged psocids)
• Unplaced:
  • † Cormopsocidae Yoshizawa & Lienhard, 2020

References

1. de Moya, Robert S; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Walden, Kimberly K O; Sweet, Andrew D; Dietrich, Christopher H; Kevin P, Johnson (2021-06-16). Buckley, Thomas (ed.). "Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea): Combining Sequence Data and Exploring Compositional Bias Solutions in Next Generation Data Sets" . Systematic Biology. 70 (4): 719–738. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa075 . ISSN   1063-5157. PMID   32979270.
2. Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2019). "Psocodea Species File Online" . Retrieved 2019-06-14.
3. Bess, Emilie; Smith, Vince; Lienhard, Charles; Johnson, Kevin P. (2006). "Psocodea". Tree of Life. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
4. "Trogiomorpha Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
5. "Trogiomorpha suborder Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
6. Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2019). "suborder Trogiomorpha". Psocodea species file online, Version 5.0. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
7. Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Lienhard, Charles (June 2020). "†Cormopsocidae: A new family of the suborder Trogiomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea) from Burmese amber". Entomological Science. 23 (2): 208–215. doi: 10.1111/ens.12414 . ISSN   1343-8786.
8. Gillott, Cedric (1995). Entomology (2nd ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 197. ISBN   978-94-017-4380-8.

Further reading

• Lyal, Ch H. C. (1985). "Phylogeny and classification of the Psocodea, with particular reference to the lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera)". Systematic Entomology. 10 (2): 145–165. Bibcode:1985SysEn..10..145L. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00525.x. ISSN   0307-6970.