Psocomorpha

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Psocomorpha
Temporal range: Cenomanian–Recent
Abelopsocus basipunctatus live.jpg
Abelopsocus basipunctatus
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
(unranked): Paraneoptera
Order: Psocodea
Suborder: Psocomorpha
Roesler, 1944
Infraorders [1]

Psocomorpha is a suborder of barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice in the order Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera). [2] [3] [1] There are more than 20 families and 5,300 described species in Psocomorpha. [4] [5] [6]

Contents

Xanthocaecilius sommermanae Green-eyed Barklouse - Flickr - treegrow.jpg
Xanthocaecilius sommermanae

Phylogeny

The below cladogram of Psocodea shows the position of Psocomorpha: [1]

Psocodea
Troctomorpha
Phthiraptera

Philopteridae

Anoplura

Rhynchophthirina

Trichodectidae

Amblycera

Liposcelididae

Pachytroctidae

Sphaeropsocidae

Amphientometae

Psocomorpha

Homilopsocidea

Caeciliusetae

Psocetae

Epipsocetae

Philotarsetae

Archipsocetae

Trogiomorpha

Atropetae

Psyllipsocetae

Prionoglaridetae (paraphyletic)

Fossil record

The oldest fossil record of the suborder is Burmesopsocus lienhardi from the mid-Cretaceous (early Cenomanian) Burmese amber, which is not assigned to any family. [7]

Classification

Psocomorpha contains 6 infraorders and 26 families: [8]

Related Research Articles

Psocoptera Order of insects

Psocoptera are a paraphyletic group of insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. The name Psocoptera has been replaced with Psocodea in recent literature, with the inclusion of the former order Phthiraptera into Psocodea.

Trogiomorpha Group of booklice

Trogiomorpha is one of the three major suborders of barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice in the order Psocodea, alongside Troctomorpha and Psocomorpha. There are about 8 families and more than 430 described species in Trogiomorpha. Trogiomorpha is widely agreed to be earliest diverging of the three suborders, and retains the most primitive characteristics.

Troctomorpha Suborder of booklice

Troctomorpha is one of the three major suborders of Psocodea (barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice), alongside Psocomorpha and Trogiomorpha. There are more than 30 families and 5,800 described species in Troctomorpha. The order includes parasitic lice, which are most closely related to the booklice family Liposcelididae.

Amphipsocidae Family of booklice

Amphipsocidae is a family of hairy-winged barklice in the order Psocodea. Most species are 3.0-4.5 mm long and have many setae (hairs) on the veins and margin of the forewing. The main veins of the forewing are usually lined with two rows of setae. Like the other members of the infra-order Caeciliusetae, they have a broad, flat labrum, with well defined edges.

Sphaeropsocidae is a family of Psocodea, belonging to the suborder Troctomorpha. Females of this family have reduced, beetle-like elytra, and lack hindwings, with males have either small or absent wings. The family comprises 22 known species in eight genera.

Caeciliusetae Group of booklice

Caeciliusetae is an infraorder of Psocodea in the suborder Psocomorpha. There are about 6 families and more than 1,300 described species in Caeciliusetae.

Peripsocidae Family of booklice

Peripsocidae is a family of Psocodea belonging to the suborder Psocomorpha. Members of the family are characterised by their absence of an areola postica in their wings. Many of the recently described genera are closely allied to Peripsocus. The family includes more than 300 species.

Ectopsocidae Family of booklice

Ectopsocidae is a family of Psocodea belonging to the suborder Psocomorpha. The family includes fewer than 200 species, most of them in the genus Ectopsocus.

Caeciliusidae Family of booklice

Caeciliusidae is a family of Psocodea belonging to the suborder Psocomorpha. The family was once named Caeciliidae, but the latter name was changed because of homonymy with the amphibian family Caeciliidae. The subfamily Paracaeciliinae was formerly in Caeciliusidae, but it has been elevated to family rank, Paracaeciliidae.

Homilopsocidea Group of booklice

Homilopscocidea is an infraorder of Psocodea. It is probably a paraphyletic group, still in use for lack of a better solution. There are about 7 families and more than 1,200 described species in Homilopsocidea.

Psocodea Order of insects

Psocodea is a taxonomic group of insects comprising the bark lice, book lice and parasitic lice. It was formerly considered a superorder, but is now generally considered by entomologists as an order. Despite the greatly differing appearance of parasitic lice (Phthiraptera), they are believed to have evolved from within the former order Psocoptera, which contained the bark lice and book lice, now found to be paraphyletic. They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipteroids. Psocodea contains around 11,000 species, divided among four suborders and more than 70 families. They range in size from 1–10 millimetres (0.04–0.4 in) in length.

Lepidopsocidae Family of booklice

Lepidopsocidae are an insect family of bark lice belonging to the suborder Trogiomorpha. Colloquially, Lepidopsocidae are referred to as the Scaly-winged Barklice. There are more than 220 species described worldwide. Phylogenetic DNA analysis of relationships between families in Trogiomorpha propose that Lepidopsocidae is monophyletic, meaning that the taxa within all share a common ancestor. This is supported morphologically by the presence of scales and setae covering the body and forewings of Lepodopsocids. Sister families of Lepidoposcidae include Trogiidae and Psoquillidae.

Epipsocetae Infraorder of booklice

Epipsocetae is an infraorder of psocids in the order Psocodea. There are about 5 families and more than 480 described species in Epipsocetae.

Ptyctini Tribe of barklice

Ptyctini is a tribe of common barklice in the family Psocidae. There are about 6 genera and at least 20 described species in Ptyctini.

Psocinae Subfamily of booklice

Psocinae is a subfamily of common barklice in the family Psocidae. There are about 11 genera and at least 40 described species in Psocinae.

Paracaeciliidae Family of barklice

Paracaeciliidae is a family of bark lice in the order Psocodea. There are about 5 genera and more than 100 described species in Paracaeciliidae.

Sabulopsocidae is a family of lice in the order Psocodea. There are at least two genera and two described species in Sabulopsocidae.

Spurostigmatidae is a family of lice in the order Psocodea. There is at least one genus, Spurostigma, in Spurostigmatidae.

Amphientometae Infraorder of booklice

Amphientometae is an infraorder of psocids, one of two major division of the Troctomorpha within the order Psocodea. There are about 7 families and at least 230 described species in Amphientometae.

Philotarsetae Group of booklice

Philotarsetae is an infraorder of bark lice in the order Psocodea, within the suborder Psocomorpha.

References

  1. 1 2 3 de Moya, Robert S; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Walden, Kimberly K O; Sweet, Andrew D; Dietrich, Christopher H; Kevin P, Johnson (2021-06-16). Buckley, Thomas (ed.). "Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea): Combining Sequence Data and Exploring Compositional Bias Solutions in Next Generation Data Sets". Systematic Biology. 70 (4): 719–738. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaa075. ISSN   1063-5157. PMID   32979270.
  2. Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2019). "Psocodea Species File Online" . Retrieved 2019-06-14.
  3. Bess, Emilie; Smith, Vince; Lienhard, Charles; Johnson, Kevin P. (2006). "Psocodea". Tree of Life. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
  4. "Psocomorpha Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
  5. Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2019). "suborder Psocomorpha". Psocodea species file online, Version 5.0. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
  6. Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Yamamoto, Shuhei (October 2021). "The earliest fossil record of the suborder Psocomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, with description of a new genus and species". Insecta Matsumurana. New Series. 77: 1–15. ISSN   0020-1804.
  7. Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2021). "Psocodea species file online, Version 5.0" . Retrieved 2021-11-05.

Further reading