Troctomorpha

Last updated

Troctomorpha
Temporal range: Late Jurassic–Present
Burmacompsocus perreaui MNHN holotype dorsal.jpg
Burmacompsocus perreaui (Compsocidae)
Liposcelis.jpg
Liposcelis (Liposcelididae)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Psocodea
Suborder: Troctomorpha
Roesler, 1944
Infraorders [1]

Troctomorpha is one of the three major suborders of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera) [1] [2] (barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice), alongside Psocomorpha and Trogiomorpha. There are more than 30 families and 5,800 described species in Troctomorpha. [3] [4] [1] The order includes parasitic lice, which are most closely related to the booklice family Liposcelididae.

Contents

Cladogram

Cladogram showing the position of Troctomorpha within Psocodea: [5]

Psocodea
Schizophthirus pleurophaeus Schizophthirus pleurophaeus from Muscardinus avellanarius- Wolfsheim, Germany.jpg
Schizophthirus pleurophaeus

Fossil record

The oldest record of the suborder is suggested to be Paramesopsocus adibi, known from the Late Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan. [6] [7]

Classification

Troctomorpha contains the following subgroups: [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Psocoptera</span> Order of insects

Psocoptera are a paraphyletic group of insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. The name Psocoptera has been replaced with Psocodea in recent literature, with the inclusion of the former order Phthiraptera into Psocodea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Psocomorpha</span> Suborder of booklice

Psocomorpha is a suborder of barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice in the order Psocodea. There are more than 20 families and 5,300 described species in Psocomorpha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trogiomorpha</span> Group of booklice

Trogiomorpha is one of the three major suborders of barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice in the order Psocodea, alongside Troctomorpha and Psocomorpha. There are about 8 families and more than 430 described species in Trogiomorpha. Trogiomorpha is widely agreed to be the earliest diverging of the three suborders, and retains the most primitive characteristics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amphipsocidae</span> Family of booklice

Amphipsocidae is a family of hairy-winged barklice in the order Psocodea. Most species are 3.0-4.5 mm long and have many setae (hairs) on the veins and margin of the forewing. The main veins of the forewing are usually lined with two rows of setae. Like the other members of the infra-order Caeciliusetae, they have a broad, flat labrum, with well defined edges.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caeciliusetae</span> Group of booklice

Caeciliusetae is an infraorder of Psocodea in the suborder Psocomorpha. There are about 6 families and more than 1,300 described species in Caeciliusetae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peripsocidae</span> Family of booklice

Peripsocidae is a family of Psocodea belonging to the suborder Psocomorpha. Members of the family are characterised by their absence of an areola postica in their wings. Many of the recently described genera are closely allied to Peripsocus. The family includes more than 300 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ectopsocidae</span> Family of booklice

Ectopsocidae is a family of Psocodea belonging to the suborder Psocomorpha. The family includes fewer than 200 species, most of them in the genus Ectopsocus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Homilopsocidea</span> Group of booklice

Homilopscocidea is an infraorder of Psocodea. It is probably a paraphyletic group, still in use for lack of a better solution. There are about 7 families and more than 1,200 described species in Homilopsocidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Psocodea</span> Order of insects

Psocodea is a taxonomic group of insects comprising the bark lice, book lice and parasitic lice. It was formerly considered a superorder, but is now generally considered by entomologists as an order. Despite the greatly differing appearance of parasitic lice (Phthiraptera), they are believed to have evolved from within the former order Psocoptera, which contained the bark lice and book lice, now found to be paraphyletic. They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipteroids. Psocodea contains around 11,000 species, divided among four suborders and more than 70 families. They range in size from 1–10 millimetres (0.04–0.4 in) in length.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paraneoptera</span> Superorder of insects

Paraneoptera or Acercaria is a superorder of insects which includes lice, thrips, and hemipterans, the true bugs. It also includes the extinct order Permopsocida, known from fossils dating from the Early Permian to the mid-Cretaceous.

<i>Trichadenotecnum</i> Genus of booklice

Trichadenotecnum is a genus of insects in the order Psocoptera, the booklice, barklice, and bookflies. It is one of the largest genera, including over 200 described species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lepidopsocidae</span> Family of booklice

Lepidopsocidae are an insect family of bark lice belonging to the suborder Trogiomorpha. Colloquially, Lepidopsocidae are referred to as the Scaly-winged Barklice. There are more than 220 species described worldwide. Phylogenetic DNA analysis of relationships between families in Trogiomorpha propose that Lepidopsocidae is monophyletic, meaning that the taxa within all share a common ancestor. This is supported morphologically by the presence of scales and setae covering the body and forewings of Lepodopsocids. Sister families of Lepidoposcidae include Trogiidae and Psoquillidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epipsocetae</span> Infraorder of booklice

Epipsocetae is an infraorder of psocids in the order Psocodea. There are about 5 families and more than 480 described species in Epipsocetae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ptyctini</span> Tribe of barklice

Ptyctini is a tribe of common barklice in the family Psocidae. There are about 6 genera and at least 20 described species in Ptyctini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Psocinae</span> Subfamily of booklice

Psocinae is a subfamily of common barklice in the family Psocidae. There are about 11 genera and at least 40 described species in Psocinae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paracaeciliidae</span> Family of barklice

Paracaeciliidae is a family of bark lice in the order Psocodea. There are about 5 genera and more than 100 described species in Paracaeciliidae.

Sabulopsocidae is a family of lice in the order Psocodea. There are at least two genera and two described species in Sabulopsocidae.

Spurostigmatidae is a family of lice in the order Psocodea. There is at least one genus, Spurostigma, in Spurostigmatidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanopsocetae</span> Infraorder of booklice

Nanopsocetae is one of two major divisions of Troctomorpha in the order Psocodea, alongside Amphientometae. There are more than 20 families and 5,200 described species in Nanopsocetae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amphientometae</span> Infraorder of booklice

Amphientometae is an infraorder of psocids, one of two major division of the Troctomorpha within the order Psocodea. There are about 7 families and at least 230 described species in Amphientometae.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2021). "Psocodea species file online, Version 5.0" . Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  2. Bess, Emilie; Smith, Vince; Lienhard, Charles; Johnson, Kevin P. (2006). "Psocodea". Tree of Life. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
  3. "Troctomorpha Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
  4. de Moya, Robert S; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Walden, Kimberly K O; Sweet, Andrew D; Dietrich, Christopher H; Kevin P, Johnson (2021-06-16). Buckley, Thomas (ed.). "Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea): Combining Sequence Data and Exploring Compositional Bias Solutions in Next Generation Data Sets". Systematic Biology. 70 (4): 719–738. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa075 . ISSN   1063-5157. PMID   32979270.
  5. Azar, Dany; Hajar, Lara; Indary, Chadi; Nel, André (January 2008). "Paramesopsocidae, a new Mesozoic psocid family (Insecta: Psocodea "Psocoptera": Psocomorpha)". Annales de la Société entomologique de France. New Series. 44 (4): 459–470. doi:10.1080/00379271.2008.10697581. ISSN   0037-9271. S2CID   85044414.
  6. Mockford, Edward L.; Lienhard, Charles; Yoshizawa, Kazunori (October 2013). "Revised classification of 'Psocoptera' from Cretaceous amber, a reassessment of published information". Insecta Matsumurana. New Series. 69: 1–26. ISSN   0020-1804.

Further reading