United States at the 1908 Summer Olympics | |
---|---|
IOC code | USA |
NOC | United States Olympic Committee |
in London | |
Competitors | 112 |
Flag bearer | Ralph Rose |
Medals Ranked 2nd |
|
Summer Olympics appearances (overview) | |
Other related appearances | |
1906 Intercalated Games |
The United States competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, England, United Kingdom. During the opening ceremony, American athletes did not dip their flag to the British royalty in support of the Irish boycott over Great Britain's refusal to grant Irish independence. [1]
The United States had one archer present in 1908. The 19-year-old Richardson had already won an Olympic bronze medal, in the team event at the 1904 Summer Olympics. He competed in both events open to men, taking the bronze medal in the York rounds and 15th place in the Continental style.
Event | Place | Archer | Score |
---|---|---|---|
Men's double York round | 3rd | Henry B. Richardson | 760 |
Men's Continental style | 15th | Henry B. Richardson | 171 |
American track & field athletes continued to dominate the sport, taking more than twice as many championships as the next most successful nation, host Great Britain.
Event | Place | Athlete | Heats | Semifinals | Final |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men's 100 metres | 2nd | James Rector | 10.8 seconds (=OR) 1st, heat 15 | 10.8 seconds (=OR) 1st, semifinal 3 | 10.8 seconds (=OR) |
4th | Nate Cartmell | 11.0 seconds 1st, heat 3 | 11.2 seconds 1st, semifinal 4 | 11.0 seconds | |
Semi- finalist | William W. May | 11.2 seconds 1st, heat 6 | 11.0 seconds 2nd, semifinal 1 | Did not advance | |
Harold Huff | 11.4 seconds 1st, heat 12 | 11.1 seconds 2nd, semifinal 3 | |||
Lawson Robertson | 11.4 seconds 1st, heat 13 | 11.2 seconds 2nd, semifinal 4 | |||
Nathaniel Sherman | 11.2 seconds 1st, heat 14 | 11.3 seconds 2nd, semifinal 2 | |||
Lester Stevens | 11.2 seconds 1st, heat 8 | Unknown 4th, semifinal 1 | |||
Robert Cloughen | 11.0 seconds 1st, heat 5 | Did not start —, semifinal 1 | |||
William Hamilton | 11.2 seconds 1st, heat 11 | Did not start —, semifinal 2 | |||
Heats | Edgar Kiralfy | Unknown 4th/5th, heat 4 | Did not advance | ||
Men's 200 metres | 2nd | Robert Cloughen | 23.4 seconds 1st, heat 8 | 22.6 seconds 1st, semifinal 3 | 22.6 seconds |
3rd | Nate Cartmell | 23.0 seconds 1st, heat 4 | 22.6 seconds 1st, semifinal 2 | 22.7 seconds | |
Semi- finalist | William Hamilton | 22.4 seconds 1st, heat 10 | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 1 | Did not advance | |
Nathaniel Sherman | 22.8 seconds 1st, heat 12 | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 2 | |||
Harold Huff | 22.8 seconds 1st, heat 2 | Unknown 3rd, semifinal 2 | |||
Heats | Lawson Robertson | Unknown 2nd, heat 3 | Did not advance | ||
William W. May | Unknown 2nd, heat 11 | ||||
Men's 400 metres | Finalist [2] | John Taylor | 50.8 seconds 1st, heat 4 | 49.8 seconds 1st, semifinal 3 | Did not start |
William Robbins | 50.4 seconds 1st, heat 7 | 49.0 seconds 1st, semifinal 4 | Did not start | ||
John Carpenter | 49.8 seconds 1st, heat 14 | 49.4 seconds 1st, semifinal 1 | Disqualified | ||
Semi- finalist | Horace Ramey | 51.0 seconds 1st, heat 9 | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 3 | Did not advance | |
Ned Merriam | 52.2 seconds 1st, heat 13 | Unknown 3rd, semifinal 1 | |||
John Atlee | 50.4 seconds 1st, heat 11 | Unknown 3rd, semifinal 4 | |||
William C. Prout | 50.4 seconds 1st, heat 8 | Unknown 4th, semifinal 2 | |||
Heats | Paul Pilgrim | Unknown 2nd, heat 1 | Did not advance | ||
Frederick de Selding | Unknown 2nd, heat 15 | ||||
Men's 800 metres | 1st | Mel Sheppard | None held | 1:58.0 1st, semifinal 2 | 1:52.8 (OR) |
6th | John Halstead | 2:01.4 1st, semifinal 3 | Unknown | ||
7-8 | Clarke Beard | 1:59.2 1st, semifinal 5 | Did not finish | ||
Semi- finalist | Harry Coe | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 4 | Did not advance | ||
Joseph Bromilow | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 7 | ||||
Lloyd Jones | Unknown 3rd, semifinal 4 | ||||
Francis Sheehan | Unknown 3rd, semifinal 8 | ||||
James Lightbody | Unknown 4th, semifinal 1 | ||||
— | Charles French | Did not finish —, semifinal 5 | |||
Horace Ramey | Did not finish —, semifinal 7 | ||||
Men's 1500 metres | 1st | Mel Sheppard | None held | 4:05.0 (OR) 1st, semifinal 2 | 4:03.4 (=OR) |
7-8 | James P. Sullivan | 4:07.6 1st, semifinal 1 | Did not finish | ||
Semi- finalist | James Lightbody | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 1 | Did not advance | ||
John Halstead | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 2 | ||||
Harry Coe | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 4 | ||||
— | Frank Riley | Did not finish —, semifinal 3 | |||
Men's 110 metre hurdles | 1st | Forrest Smithson | 15.8 seconds 1st, heat 10 | 15.4 seconds (OR) 1st, semifinal 2 | 15.0 seconds (WR) |
2nd | John Garrels | 16.2 seconds 1st, heat 2 | 15.8 seconds 1st, semifinal 4 | 15.7 seconds | |
3rd | Arthur Shaw | Walkover 1st, heat 14 | 15.6 seconds 1st, semifinal 1 | 15.8 seconds | |
4th | William Rand | 15.8 seconds 1st, heat 5 | 15.8 seconds 1st, semifinal 3 | 16.0 seconds | |
Semi- finalist | Leonard Howe | 15.8 seconds 1st, heat 13 | Unknown 3rd, semifinal 2 | Did not advance | |
Men's 400 metre hurdles | 1st | Charles Bacon | 57.0 seconds (OR) 1st, heat 3 | 58.8 seconds 1st, semifinal 2 | 55.0 seconds (OR) |
2nd | Harry Hillman | 59.2 seconds 1st, heat 6 | 56.4 seconds (OR) 1st, semifinal 1 | 55.3 seconds | |
Semi- finalist | Harry Coe | 58.8 seconds 1st, heat 2 | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 1 | Did not advance | |
Men's 3200 metre steeplechase | 3rd | John Eisele | None held | 11:13.6 1st, semifinal 2 | 11:00.8 |
Semi- finalist | Gale Dull | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 4 | Did not advance | ||
James Lightbody | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 6 | ||||
Roger Spitzer | Unknown 3rd, semifinal 5 | ||||
Charles Hall | Unknown 4th, semifinal 5 | ||||
— | Edward Carr | Did not finish —, semifinal 1 | |||
George Bonhag | Did not finish —, semifinal 4 | ||||
Men's medley relay | 1st | William Hamilton Nate Cartmell John Taylor Mel Sheppard | None held | 3:27.2 1st, semifinal 3 | 3:29.4 |
Men's 3 mile team race [3] | 2nd | John Eisele | None held | 14:55.0 2 points, team=10 | 14:41.8 4 points, team=19 |
George Bonhag | 14:56.4 5 points, team=10 | 15:05.0 6 points, team=19 | |||
Herbert Trube | 14:55.0 3 points, team=10 | 15:11.0 9 points, team=19 | |||
No place | Gale Dull | 15:37.4 No score, team=10 | 15:27.0 No score, team=19 | ||
Harvey Cohn | Did not start No score, team=10 | 15:40.2 No score, team=19 | |||
Men's 5 miles | 8th | Frederick Bellars | None held | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 2 | Unknown |
10-12 | Edward Carr | Unknown 2nd, semifinal 3 | Did not start | ||
Semi- finalist | Charles Hall | Unknown 4th, semifinal 3 | Did not advance | ||
Men's marathon | 1st | Johnny Hayes | None held | 2:55:18.4 | |
3rd | Joseph Forshaw | 2:57:10.4 | |||
4th | Alton Welton | 2:59:44.4 | |||
9th | Lewis Tewanima | 3:09:15.0 | |||
14th | Sidney Hatch | 3:17:52.4 | |||
— | Tom Morrissey | Did not finish | |||
Michael Ryan | Did not finish | ||||
J. J. Lee | Did not start | ||||
Frederick Lorz | Did not start | ||||
W. O'Mara | Did not start | ||||
Alexander Thibeau | Did not start | ||||
W. Wood | Did not start | ||||
Event | Place | Athlete | Height/ Distance |
---|---|---|---|
Men's high jump | 1st | Harry Porter | 1.90 metres |
5th | Herbert Gidney | 1.85 metres | |
Tom Moffitt | 1.85 metres | ||
7th | Neil Patterson | 1.83 metres | |
Men's long jump | 1st | Frank Irons | 7.48 metres |
2nd | Daniel Kelly | 7.09 metres | |
4th | Edward Cook | 6.97 metres | |
5th | John Brennan | 6.86 metres | |
7th | Frank Mount Pleasant | 6.82 metres | |
12th | Sam Bellah | 6.64 metres | |
21-32 | John O'Connell | Unknown | |
Men's triple jump | 5th | Platt Adams | 14.07 metres |
6th | Frank Mount Pleasant | 13.97 metres | |
8th | John Brennan | 13.59 metres | |
9th | Martin Sheridan | 13.42 metres | |
16th | Frank Irons | 12.67 metres | |
17th | Sam Bellah | 12.55 metres | |
18-20 | Nathaniel Sherman | Unknown | |
Men's pole vault | 1st | Edward Cook | 3.71 metres |
Alfred Carlton Gilbert | 3.71 metres | ||
3rd | Clare Jacobs | 3.58 metres | |
6th | Sam Bellah | 3.50 metres | |
12th | Thomas Jackson | 3.05 metres | |
Men's standing high jump | 1st | Ray Ewry | 1.57 metres |
2nd | John Biller | 1.55 metres | |
4th | Leroy Holmes | 1.52 metres | |
5th | Platt Adams | 1.47 metres | |
8th | Frank Irons | 1.42 metres | |
16th | Martin Sheridan | 1.37 metres | |
19-23 | Lawson Robertson | Unknown | |
Men's standing long jump | 1st | Ray Ewry | 3.33 metres |
3rd | Martin Sheridan | 3.23 metres | |
4th | John Biller | 3.21 metres | |
6th | Platt Adams | 3.11 metres | |
Leroy Holmes | 3.11 metres | ||
8-25 | Frank Irons | Unknown | |
Sigmund Muenz | Unknown | ||
Event | Place | Athlete | Distance |
---|---|---|---|
Men's shot put | 1st | Ralph Rose | 14.21 metres |
3rd | John Garrels | 13.18 metres | |
4th | Wesley Coe | 13.07 metres | |
6th | Bill Horr | 12.83 metres | |
8th | Lee Talbott | 11.63 metres | |
9-25 | Wilbur Burroughs | Unknown | |
Martin Sheridan | Unknown | ||
Men's discus throw | 1st | Martin Sheridan | 40.89 metres |
2nd | Merritt Giffin | 40.70 metres | |
3rd | Bill Horr | 39.45 metres | |
5th | Arthur Dearborn | 38.52 metres | |
6th | Lee Talbott | 38.40 metres | |
9th | John Flanagan | 37.80 metres | |
10th | Wilbur Burroughs | 37.43 metres | |
12-42 | Platt Adams | Unknown | |
John Garrells | Unknown | ||
Simon Gillis | Unknown | ||
Men's hammer throw | 1st | John Flanagan | 51.92 metres |
2nd | Matthew McGrath | 51.18 metres | |
5th | Lee Talbott | 47.86 metres | |
6th | Bill Horr | 46.97 metres | |
7th | Simon Gillis | 45.59 metres | |
10-19 | Benjamin Sherman | Unknown | |
Men's Greek discus | 1st | Martin Sheridan | 37.99 metres |
2nd | Bill Horr | 37.32 metres | |
4th | Arthur Dearborn | 35.65 metres | |
8th | Wilbur Burroughs | 32.81 metres | |
11-23 | Platt Adams | Unknown | |
John Garrels | Unknown | ||
Event | Place | Cyclist | Heats | Semifinals | Final |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men's 660 yards | Semi- finalist | George Cameron | 1:05.2 1st, heat 15 | Unknown 3rd, semifinal 3 | Did not advance |
Men's 20 kilometres | 4th | Louis Weintz | None held | 33:39.8 1st, semifinal 3 | Unknown |
Semi- finalist | George Cameron | 33:39.2 2nd, semifinal 4 | Did not advance | ||
Men's 100 kilometres | — | Louis Weintz | None held | Did not finish —, semifinal 2 | Did not advance |
Men's sprint | Semi- finalist | George Cameron | 1:29.4 1st, heat 8 | Unknown 2-4, semifinal 2 | Did not advance |
Heats | Louis Weintz | Unknown 3rd, heat 13 | Did not advance | ||
Men's team pursuit | — | Unknown | Did not start —, heat 2 | Did not advance | |
The Americans sent two divers in 1908. Gaidzik made it to the finals in both diving events, after a successful protest in the platform competition. He won a bronze medal in the springboard after tying with the third-place German diver.
Event | Place | Diver | Preliminary groups | Semi- finals | Final |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men's 10 metre platform | 5th | George Gaidzik | 81.80 points 1st, group 1 | 61.0 points 3rd, semifinal 2 | 56.30 points |
18th | Harold Grote | 62.80 points 3rd, group 5 | Did not advance | ||
Men's 3 metre springboard | 3rd | George Gaidzik | 82.80 points 1st, group 1 | 85.60 points 1st, semifinal 2 | 80.80 points |
9th | Harold Grote | 79.50 points 2nd, group 5 | 74.50 points 5th, semifinal 2 | Did not advance | |
Event | Place | Skater | Score |
---|---|---|---|
Men's individual | 6th | Irving Brokaw | 232.0 |
In the jeu de paume competition, Gould won the gold medal while Sands was eliminated in the first round by the eventual silver medallist.
Event | Place | Player | Round of 16 | Quarter- finals | Semi- finals | Final/ Bronze match |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jeu de paume | 1st | Jay Gould | Bye | Defeated Pennell 6-3, 6-3, 6-2 | Defeated Page 6-1, 6-0, 6-0 | Defeated Miles 6-5, 6-4, 6-4 |
9th | Charles Sands | Lost to Miles 6-3, 6-3, 6-3 | Did not advance | |||
Opponent nation | Wins | Losses | Percent |
---|---|---|---|
Great Britain | 3 | 1 | .750 |
Total | 3 | 1 | .750 |
Event | Place | Shooter | Score |
---|---|---|---|
Men's 1000 yard free rifle | 2nd | Kellogg Casey | 93 |
11th | William Leuschner | 89 | |
13th | Charles Benedict | 88 | |
Ivan Eastman | 88 | ||
Charles Jeffers | 88 | ||
16th | Charles Winder | 87 | |
19th | Harry Simon | 86 | |
24th | Edward Greene | 84 | |
John Hessian | 84 | ||
Men's 300 metre free rifle | 2nd | Harry Simon | 887 |
16th | Edward Greene | 792 | |
29th | John Hessian | 746 | |
Men's team military rifle | 1st | William Leuschner William Martin Charles Winder Kellogg Casey Ivan Eastman Charles Benedict | 2537 |
Men's moving target small-bore rifle | 10th | Walter Winans | 13 |
Men's disappearing target small-bore rifle | 19th | Walter Winans | 30 |
Men's single-shot running deer | 6th | Walter Winans | 21 |
Men's double-shot running deer | 1st | Walter Winans | 46 |
Men's individual pistol | 3rd | James Gorman (sport shooter) | 485 |
4th | Charles Axtell | 480 | |
8th | Irving Calkins | 457 | |
9th | John Dietz | 455 | |
19th | Thomas LeBoutillier | 436 | |
21st | Reginald Sayre | 430 | |
38th | Walter Winans | 368 | |
Men's team pistol | 1st | James Gorman Irving Calkins John Dietz Charles Axtell | 1914 |
Event | Place | Swimmer | Heats | Semifinals | Final |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men's 100 metre freestyle | 1st | Charles Daniels | 1:05.8 1st, heat 5 | 1:10.2 1st, semifinal 2 | 1:05.6 |
4th | Leslie Rich | 1:14.6 1st, heat 9 | 1:10.8 2nd, semifinal 2 | Unknown | |
Semi- finalist | Harry Hebner | 1:11.0 1st, heat 6 | 1:11.8 3rd, semifinal 1 | Did not advance | |
Heats | Conrad Trubenbach | Unknown 3-5, heat 2 | Did not advance | ||
Robert Foster | Unknown 3-4, heat 4 | ||||
Men's 400 metre freestyle | Heats | Budd Goodwin | Unknown 3rd, heat 1 | Did not advance | |
Conrad Trubenbach | Unknown 3rd, heat 4 | ||||
Men's 1500 metre freestyle | Heats | James Greene | 28:09.0 2nd, heat 5 | Did not advance | |
Men's 100 metre backstroke | Heats | Augustus Goessling | 1:29.0 2nd, heat 6 | Did not advance | |
Men's 200 metre breaststroke | Heats | Augustus Goessling | Unknown 3rd, heat 2 | Did not advance | |
Men's 4x200 metre freestyle relay | 3rd | Harry Hebner Budd Goodwin Charles Daniels Leslie Rich | None held | 11:01.4 2nd, semifinal 2 | 11:02.8 |
Event | Place | Athletes | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tug of war | 5th | Wilbur Burroughs, Wesley Coe, Arthur Dearborn, John Flanagan, Bill Horr, Matthew McGrath, Ralph Rose, Lee Talbott | Lost to Great Britain Liverpool Police | Did not advance | |
Event | Place | Wrestler | Round of 16 | Quarter- finals | Semi- finals | Final |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freestyle bantamweight | 1st | George Mehnert | Bye | Defeated Sprenger | Defeated Côté | Defeated Press |
Freestyle featherweight | 1st | George Dole | Defeated Cockings | Defeated Webster | Defeated McKie | Defeated Slim |
Freestyle lightweight | 5th | John Krug | Defeated Hoy | Lost to Wood | Did not advance | |
Freestyle middleweight | 5th | John Craige | Bye | Lost to Andersson | Did not advance | |
Frederico Narganes | Bye | Lost to Beck | ||||
Freestyle heavyweight | 9th | Lee Talbott | Lost to O'Kelly | Did not advance | ||
Opponent nation | Wins | Losses | Percent |
---|---|---|---|
Canada | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
Great Britain | 7 | 3 | .700 |
Sweden | 0 | 1 | .000 |
Total | 8 | 4 | .667 |
The 1912 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad and commonly known as Stockholm 1912, were an international multi-sport event held in Stockholm, Sweden, between 6 July and 22 July 1912. The opening ceremony was held on 6 July.
At the 1900 Summer Olympics, twenty-three athletics events were contested. Altogether, 117 athletes from 15 nations competed. A total of 68 medals were awarded. In many countries, due in part to the conflation of the Olympic Games and the World's Fair in Paris, the media discussed only the athletics events under the "Olympic" name while ignoring the incredible variety of other sports featured at the time.
Robert Kerr was an Irish Canadian sprinter. He won the gold medal in the 200 metres and the bronze medal in the 100 metres at the 1908 Summer Olympics.
Oscar Gomer Swahn was a Swedish shooter who competed at three Olympic games and won six medals, including three gold. Swahn holds records as the oldest Olympian at the time of competition, the oldest person to win gold, and the oldest athlete to win an Olympic medal.
The men's 400 metres was an Olympic event for the fourth time at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. The competition was held from 21 July 1908, to 23 July 1908. The rerun of the final was held on 25 July 1908. The races were held on a track of 536.45 metres=1⁄3 mile in circumference.
William Corbett Robbins was an American athlete and a member of the Irish American Athletic Club. He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1908 he was involved in a controversial race in the final of the Men's 400 metres and was later part of a team which broke the world's record for the one mile relay.
Joseph Edmund Deakin was a British athlete who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.
The United Kingdom has been represented at every modern Olympic Games. By end of the 2024 Summer Olympics, it is third in the all-time Summer Olympic medal table by overall number of medals, and fourth in number of gold medals won. London hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1908, 1948 and 2012.
Canada competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. Canadian athletes won three gold, three silver, and ten bronze medals.
France competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, England.
The men's hammer throw was one of six throwing events on the Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme in London. The competition was held on July 14, 1908. 19 throwers from eight nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. The event was won by American John Flanagan, his third consecutive victory in the event. He was the first man to win three medals in the hammer throw and, as of the 2016 Games, the only one to win three gold medals in the event. The silver medal went to fellow American Matt McGrath. Con Walsh of Canada took bronze and became the first athlete not from the United States to win a medal in the event, as the Americans had swept the podium in both 1900 and 1904. The three medalists were all part of the Irish Whales.
The men's shot put was one of six throwing events on the Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme in London. The competition was held on July 16, 1908. 25 shot putters from eight nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. The event was won by Ralph Rose, successfully defending his title from 1904 and making it four consecutive Games that the event was won by an American. The two-Games streak of sweeps in 1900 and 1904 ended, however, as Denis Horgan of Great Britain took silver. Johnny Garrels of the United States took bronze. Rose was the second man to win two medals in the shot put ; Wesley Coe nearly was the third as he ended up in 4th place, only 11 centimetres behind Garrels.
Great Britain, represented by the British Olympic Association (BOA), competed as the host nation of the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. The British Olympic Association was the National Olympic Committee responsible for organising the United Kingdom's representation. At the time British athletes competed under the team name "United Kingdom". The British team comprised 676 competitors.
Sweden competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. It was the third appearance of the European nation, which had missed only the 1904 Summer Olympics.
Hungary competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, England. Austria and Hungary had separate NOCs, therefore results at Olympic Games are kept separate despite the union of the two nations as Austria-Hungary at the time.
Belgium competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, England. It was the second appearance of the European nation, which had previously competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
Beatrice Geraldine Hill-Lowe was an Irish archer who represented Britain. She was born in County Louth, Ireland. She was the first Irishwomen to win an Olympic medal. She won a bronze medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.
New Zealand first sent an independent team to the Olympics in 1920. Before this, at the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics, New Zealand and Australian athletes competed together in a combined Australasia team. New Zealand has also participated in most Winter Olympic Games since 1952, missing only the 1956 and 1964 Games.
Great Britain, represented by the British Olympic Association (BOA), competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. The United Kingdom was represented by the British Olympic Association (BOA), and the team of selected athletes was officially known as Team GB. Britain is one of only five NOCs to have competed in every modern Summer Olympic Games since 1896. The delegation of 547 people included 311 competitors – 168 men, 143 women – and 236 officials. The team was made up of athletes from the whole United Kingdom including Northern Ireland. Additionally some British overseas territories compete separately from Britain in Olympic competition.
Great Britain, or in full Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the team of the British Olympic Association (BOA), which represents the United Kingdom, competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic.