United States women's national artistic gymnastics team

Last updated
United States
USA Gymnastics logo.svg
Founded1982
Continental unionPAGU
National federation USA Gymnastics
Head coach Chellsie Memmel
Betty Okino
Alicia Sacramone-Quinn
Training locationThe Gymnastics Company
Uniform supplier GK Elite
Olympic Games
Appearances19
Medals Gold medal.svg Gold: 1996, 2012, 2016, 2024
Silver medal.svg Silver: 1984, 2004, 2008, 2020
Bronze medal.svg Bronze: 1948, 1992, 2000
World Championships
Appearances26
Medals Gold medal world centered-2.svg Gold: 2003, 2007, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2022, 2023
Silver medal world centered-2.svg Silver: 1991, 1994, 2006, 2010
Bronze medal world centered-2.svg Bronze: 1995, 2001
Pan American Games
Medals Gold medal america.svg Gold: 1959, 1963, 1967, 1971, 1975, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Silver medal america.svg Silver: 1999
Pan American Championships
Medals Gold medal america.svg Gold: 2001, 2005, 2010, 2014, 2018, 2023, 2025
Silver medal america.svg Silver: 1997, 2022
Junior World Championships
Appearances2
Medals Silver medal world centered-2.svg Silver: 2023
Bronze medal world centered-2.svg Bronze: 2019

The United States women's national artistic gymnastics team represents the United States in FIG international competitions.

Contents

As of 2024, the U.S. team is the reigning World team champion and the reigning Olympic team gold medalists, with the five gymnasts nicknamed the "Golden Girls."

History

The U.S. women won the team competition bronze medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Afterwards, they did not win another Summer Olympics or World Championships medal until the 1984 when the Olympic team won silver. During that competition, Mary Lou Retton also became the first American to win the individual all-around gold medal. The Americans started consistently winning Olympic and World team medals in the early 1990s with future Hall of Famers Shannon Miller and Dominique Dawes. The 1996 Olympic team, known as the Magnificent Seven, was the first American team to win Olympic gold. An iconic moment in the sport's history came late in the competition, when an injured Kerri Strug stuck a vault to secure the title. After 1996, the team regressed for several years as their stars took breaks from competing.

Márta Károlyi headed the program after the 2000 Olympics, ushering in an era of success for the U.S. team as they became one of the most dominant countries in women's gymnastics. The U.S. team has medalled in every Olympics and Worlds since 2000. They won their first World gold medal in 2003. At the 2004 Olympics, they won the team silver, and Carly Patterson became the second American gymnast to win the individual all-around. The U.S. team continued their success in the next quad. They won another Olympic silver medal in 2008. Nastia Liukin and Shawn Johnson were two of the best gymnasts of their era and finished first and second in the 2008 individual all-around.

They won gold at the 2011 Worlds and then won gold at the 2012 Olympics by over five points. The 2012 team was nicknamed the Fierce Five and included Gabby Douglas, the first African American woman to win the Olympic individual all-around. In 2013, Simone Biles started her senior career and helped the U.S. team dominate the sport through 2016. In addition to the team gold medals, Biles won the individual all-around at the Worlds and Olympics for four straight years. The 2016 Olympic team, featuring Biles and veterans Douglas and Aly Raisman, was named the Final Five. They won the team competition by more than eight points.

Olympic Games

The USA Gymnastics women have won the Olympic Gold four times, in 1996, 2012, 2016, and 2024 Summer Olympics. These successes led to the nicknames Magnificent Seven, Fierce Five, Final Five, and Golden Girls, respectively. They won four silvers in 1984, 2004, 2008, and 2020 [1] and three bronzes in 1948, 1992 and 2000. [2] The 2016 team name alluded to Márta Károlyi's final team to coach and that the team structure will be changed to four members beginning with the 2020 Olympic Games. The 1988 Olympic Games was the only year in which the team did not medal since its formation in 1982; they missed the bronze medal by one controversial deduction. Six American women have won the Olympic individual all-around title, including six consecutive titles from 2004–24: Mary Lou Retton (1984), Carly Patterson (2004), Nastia Liukin (2008), Gabby Douglas (2012), Simone Biles (2016), Sunisa Lee (2020), and Simone Biles (2024). The most decorated American gymnast at the Olympics, with eleven medals, is Simone Biles (7 gold, 2 silvers, 2 bronze).

World Championships

The United States women team is currently third in the all-time medal count for the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. The first American gymnast to win a medal at the World Championships was Cathy Rigby who won silver on beam in 1970. [3] The first female American gymnast to win a world title was Marcia Frederick in 1978 on the uneven bars. [4] The most decorated American gymnast at the World Championships is Simone Biles, who won 25 medals (19 gold, 3 silver and 3 bronze) from 2013 to 2019. [5] The United States won team gold in 2003, 2007, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2022, and 2023 . [6] Additionally, eight American women have won the individual World all-around title: Kim Zmeskal (1991), Shannon Miller (1993-1994), Chellsie Memmel (2005), Shawn Johnson (2007), Bridget Sloan (2009), Jordyn Wieber (2011), Simone Biles (2013-2015, 2018-2019, 2023), and Morgan Hurd (2017). Biles is the only American gymnast to win both the Olympic and World all-around titles.

Current roster

As of August 10, 2025: [7]

Senior team

NameBirth date and ageCurrent residenceClubHead coach(es)College team
Skye Blakely February 4, 2005 (age 20) Frisco, Texas University of Florida Jenny Rowland
Owen Field
Florida Gators (2025–2028)
Dulcy Caylor December 9, 2007 (age 17) Spring, Texas World Champions Centre Daymon Jones
Patrick Kiens
Florida Gators (2027–2030)
Jayla Hang January 9, 2008 (age 17) Bellevue, Washington Pacific ReignCale Robinson Florida Gators (2027–2030)
Gabrielle Hardie October 3, 2009 (age 15) Sioux Falls, South Dakota Twin City Twisters Steve Hafeman
Claire Pease January 5, 2009 (age 16) Sunnyvale, Texas WOGA Valeri Liukin
Hezly Rivera June 4, 2008 (age 17) Plano, Texas WOGA Valeri Liukin Louisiana State Tigers (2027–2030)
Joscelyn Roberson February 8, 2006 (age 19) Conroe, Texas University of Arkansas Jordyn Wieber
Chris Brooks
Arkansas Razorbacks (2025–2028)
Simone Rose July 9, 2008 (age 17) Sammamish, Washington Pacific ReignCale Robinson Florida Gators (2027–2030)
Ashlee Sullivan December 20, 2006 (age 18) Richardson, Texas MetroplexMarnie Futch UCLA Bruins (2026–2029)
Tiana Sumanasekera September 15, 2007 (age 17) Pleasanton, California World Champions Centre Daymon Jones
Patrick Kiens
UCLA Bruins (2026–2029)
Leanne Wong September 20, 2003 (age 21) Overland Park, Kansas University of Florida Jenny Rowland
Owen Field
Florida Gators (2022–2025)

Junior team

NameBirth date and ageCurrent residenceClubHead coach(es)
Isabella AnzolaNovember 5, 2010 (age 14) Statham, Georgia Georgia ElitePete Arenas
Charleigh Bullock July 2, 2010 (age 15) Spotsylvania, Virginia Capital GymnasticsTatiana Perskaia
Espy ChangDecember 11, 2011 (age 13) Kirkland, Washington Pacific Reign
Lavi Crain December 9, 2010 (age 14) Blue Springs, Missouri GAGEAl Fong
Aulya DanielsJanuary 6, 2011 (age 14) Lawrence, Kansas GAGEAl Fong
Addy FulcherOctober 18, 2010 (age 14) Gastonia, North Carolina Bull City GymnasticsElke Williams
Caroline Moreau February 17, 2010 (age 15) Keller, Texas Texas Dreams
Amia Pugh-BanksOctober 19, 2011 (age 13) Newport News, Virginia World Class GymnasticsTami Harrison
Kylee SathFebruary 16, 2010 (age 15)Blue Springs, MontanaGAGEAl Fong
Kylie SmithJune 18, 2011 (age 14) Loveland, Ohio Cincinnati GymnasticsRachael Gardner
Addalye VanGrinsven August 6, 2011 (age 14) Bothell, Washington Pacific ReignCale Robinson
Trinity WoodJuly 1, 2010 (age 15) Clinton, Maryland Capital GymnasticsTatiana Perskaia

Staff

Team competition results

Olympic Games

YearPositionSquad
1936 5th place Jennie Caputo, Consetta Caruccio-Lenz, Margaret Duff, Irma Haubold, Marie Kibler, Ada Lunardoni, Adelaide Meyer, Mary Wright
1948 Bronze medal.svg Bronze medal Ladislava Bakanic, Marian Barone, Consetta Caruccio-Lenz, Dorothy Dalton, Meta Elste-Neumann, Helen Schifano, Clara Schroth, Anita Simonis
1952 15th place Marian Barone, Dorothy Dalton, Meta Elste-Neumann, Ruth Grulkowski, Marie Hoesly, Doris Kirkman, Clara Schroth, Ruth Topalian
1956 9th place Muriel Davis, Doris Fuchs, Judy Howe, Jackie Klein, Joyce Racek, Sandra Ruddick
1960 9th place Muriel Davis, Doris Fuchs, Betty-Jean Maycock, Teresa Montefusco, Sharon Richardson, Gail Sontgerath
1964 9th place Kathleen Corrigan, Muriel Davis, Dale McClements, Linda Metheny, Janie Speaks, Marie Walther
1968 6th place Wendy Cluff, Kathy Gleason, Linda Metheny, Colleen Mulvihill, Cathy Rigby, Joyce Tanac
1972 4th place Kimberly Chace, Linda Metheny, Joan Moore, Roxanne Pierce, Cathy Rigby, Nancy Thies
1976 6th place Kolleen Casey, Kimberly Chace, Carrie Englert, Kathy Howard, Debra Willcox, Leslie Wolfsberger
1980 boycott Luci Collins, Marcia Frederick, Kathy Johnson, Beth Kline, Amy Koopman, Julianne McNamara, Tracee Talavera [a]
1984 Silver medal.svg Silver medal Pam Bileck, Michelle Dusserre, Kathy Johnson, Julianne McNamara, Mary Lou Retton, Tracee Talavera
1988 4th place Brandy Johnson, Kelly Garrison, Melissa Marlowe, Phoebe Mills, Hope Spivey, Chelle Stack
1992 Bronze medal.svg Bronze medal Wendy Bruce, Dominique Dawes, Shannon Miller, Betty Okino, Kerri Strug, Kim Zmeskal
1996 Gold medal.svg Gold medal Amanda Borden, Amy Chow, Dominique Dawes, Shannon Miller, Dominique Moceanu, Jaycie Phelps, Kerri Strug
2000 Bronze medal.svg Bronze medal Amy Chow, Jamie Dantzscher, Dominique Dawes, Kristen Maloney, Elise Ray, Tasha Schwikert
2004 Silver medal.svg Silver medal Mohini Bhardwaj, Annia Hatch, Terin Humphrey, Courtney Kupets, Courtney McCool, Carly Patterson
2008 Silver medal.svg Silver medal Shawn Johnson, Nastia Liukin, Chellsie Memmel, Samantha Peszek, Alicia Sacramone, Bridget Sloan
2012 Gold medal.svg Gold medal Gabby Douglas, McKayla Maroney, Aly Raisman, Kyla Ross, Jordyn Wieber
2016 Gold medal.svg Gold medal Simone Biles, Gabby Douglas, Laurie Hernandez, Madison Kocian, Aly Raisman
2020 Silver medal.svg Silver medal Simone Biles, Jordan Chiles, Sunisa Lee, Grace McCallum
2024 Gold medal.svg Gold medal Simone Biles, Jade Carey, Jordan Chiles, Sunisa Lee, Hezly Rivera
Total4 Titles
  1. A team was named for the 1980 Olympic Games; however they did not compete as the USA boycotted [12]

World Championships

Names in italics are alternates who received a team medal.

YearPositionSquad
1962 8th place Muriel Davis, Doris Fuchs, Betty-Jean Maycock, Gail Sontgerath, Avis Tieber, Marie Walther
1966 6th place Debbie Bailey, Doris Fuchs, Dale McClements, Kathy Gleason, Carolyn Hacker, Joyce Tanac
1970 7th place Cleo Carver, Kimberly Chace, Wendy Cluff, Adele Gleaves, Joan Moore, Cathy Rigby
1974 6th place Janette Anderson, Ann Carr, Diane Dunbar, Debbie Fike, Kathy Howard, Joan Moore
1978 5th place Christa Canary, Marcia Frederick, Kathy Johnson, Leslie Pyfer, Rhonda Schwandt, Donna Turnbow
1979 6th place Christa Canary, Marcia Frederick, Kathy Johnson, Suzy Kellems, Leslie Pyfer, Leslie Russo
1981 6th place Michelle Goodwin, Kathy Johnson, Amy Koopman, Julianne McNamara, Gina Stallone, Tracee Talavera
1983 7th place Pam Bileck, Kelly Garrison, Kathy Johnson, Julianne McNamara, Yumi Mordre, Tanya Service
1985 6th place Pam Bileck, Tracey Calore, Kelly Garrison, Sabrina Mar, Marie Roethlisberger, Jennifer Sey
1987 6th place Rhonda Faehn, Kelly Garrison, Sabrina Mar, Melissa Marlowe, Phoebe Mills, Kristie Phillips
1989 4th place Wendy Bruce, Christy Henrich, Brandy Johnson, Kim Kelly, Chelle Stack, Sandy Woolsey
1991 Silver medal world centered-2.svg Silver medal Michelle Campi, Hilary Grivich, Shannon Miller, Betty Okino, Kerri Strug, Kim Zmeskal
1994 Silver medal world centered-2.svg Silver medal Amanda Borden, Amy Chow, Dominique Dawes, Larissa Fontaine, Shannon Miller, Jaycie Phelps, Kerri Strug
1995 Bronze medal world centered-2.svg Bronze medal Mary Beth Arnold, Theresa Kulikowski, Shannon Miller, Dominique Moceanu, Jaycie Phelps, Kerri Strug, Doni Thompson
1997 6th place Kendall Beck, Mohini Bhardwaj, Kristen Maloney, Dominique Moceanu, Kristy Powell, Jennie Thompson
1999 5th place Jeanette Antolin, Vanessa Atler, Jamie Dantzscher, Kristen Maloney, Elise Ray, Morgan White
2001 Bronze medal world centered-2.svg Bronze medal Mohini Bhardwaj, Katie Heenan, Ashley Miles, Tasha Schwikert, Rachel Tidd, Tabitha Yim
2003 Gold medal world centered-2.svg Gold medal Terin Humphrey, Courtney Kupets, Chellsie Memmel, Carly Patterson, Tasha Schwikert, Hollie Vise
2006 Silver medal world centered-2.svg Silver medal Jana Bieger, Natasha Kelley, Nastia Liukin, Chellsie Memmel, Ashley Priess, Alicia Sacramone
2007 Gold medal world centered-2.svg Gold medal Ivana Hong, Shawn Johnson, Nastia Liukin, Samantha Peszek, Alicia Sacramone, Shayla Worley
2010 Silver medal world centered-2.svg Silver medal Rebecca Bross, Mackenzie Caquatto, Mattie Larson, Aly Raisman, Alicia Sacramone, Bridget Sloan
2011 Gold medal world centered-2.svg Gold medal Gabby Douglas, McKayla Maroney, Aly Raisman, Alicia Sacramone, Sabrina Vega, Jordyn Wieber
2014 Gold medal world centered-2.svg Gold medal Alyssa Baumann, Simone Biles, Madison Desch , Madison Kocian, Ashton Locklear, Kyla Ross, MyKayla Skinner
2015 Gold medal world centered-2.svg Gold medal Simone Biles, Gabby Douglas, Brenna Dowell, Madison Kocian, Maggie Nichols, Aly Raisman, MyKayla Skinner
2018 Gold medal world centered-2.svg Gold medal Simone Biles, Kara Eaker, Morgan Hurd, Grace McCallum, Riley McCusker, Ragan Smith
2019 Gold medal world centered-2.svg Gold medal Simone Biles, Jade Carey, Kara Eaker, Sunisa Lee, Grace McCallum, MyKayla Skinner
2022 Gold medal world centered-2.svg Gold medal Skye Blakely, Jade Carey, Jordan Chiles, Shilese Jones, Leanne Wong, Lexi Zeiss
2023 Gold medal world centered-2.svg Gold medal Simone Biles, Skye Blakely, Shilese Jones, Joscelyn Roberson, Leanne Wong, Kayla DiCello
Total9 Titles

Pan American Games

YearPositionSquad
1959 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Betty Maycock, Cassie Collawn, Theresa Montefusco, Sharon Phelps, Judy Klauser, Sharon Richardson
1963 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Doris Fuchs, Dale McClements, Kathleen Corrigan, Avis Tieber, Marie Walther, Muriel Grossfeld
1967 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Linda Metheny, Joyce Tanac, Kathy Gleason, Marie Walther, Donna Schaenzer, Deborah Bailey
1971 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Kim Chace, Theresa Fileccia, Adele Gleaves, Linda Metheny, Roxanne Pierce, Terry Spencer
1975 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal
1983 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal
1987 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal
1991 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal
1995 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal
1999 Silver medal america.svg Silver medal
2003 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Nastia Liukin, Courtney McCool, Tia Orlando, Chellsie Memmel, Marcia Newby, Allyse Ishino
2007 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Rebecca Bross, Ivana Hong, Shawn Johnson, Nastia Liukin, Samantha Peszek, Amber Trani
2011 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Bridgette Caquatto, Jessie DeZiel, Brandie Jay, Shawn Johnson, Grace McLaughlin, Bridget Sloan
2015 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Madison Desch, Rachel Gowey, Amelia Hundley, Emily Schild, Megan Skaggs
2019 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Kara Eaker, Aleah Finnegan, Morgan Hurd, Riley McCusker, Leanne Wong
2023 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Jordan Chiles, Kayla DiCello, Kaliya Lincoln, Zoe Miller, Tiana Sumanasekera
Total15 Titles

Pan American Championships

YearPositionSquad
1997 Silver medal america.svg Silver medal Erinn Dooley, Nicole Kilpatrick, Raegan Tomasek, Morgan White
2001 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Tasha Schwikert, Mohini Bhardwaj, Tabitha Yim, Katie Heenan
2004 No team event
2005 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Chellsie Memmel, Alicia Sacramone, Jana Bieger, Bianca Flohr
2008 No team event
2010 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Gabby Douglas, Brenna Dowell, Kyla Ross, Sarah Finnegan, Sabrina Vega, McKayla Maroney
2012 No team event
2013
2014 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal MyKayla Skinner, Maggie Nichols, Madison Desch, Amelia Hundley, Madison Kocian, Ashton Locklear
2016 No team event
2017
2018 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Jade Carey, Kara Eaker, Shilese Jones, Grace McCallum, Trinity Thomas
2021 Did not participate
2022 Silver medal america.svg Silver medal Skye Blakely, Kayla DiCello, Addison Fatta, Zoe Miller, Elle Mueller, Lexi Zeiss
2023 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Addison Fatta, Madray Johnson, Nola Matthews, Zoe Miller, Joscelyn Roberson, Tiana Sumanasekera
2024 Did not participate
2025 Gold medal america.svg Gold medal Dulcy Caylor, Jayla Hang, Gabrielle Hardie, Hezly Rivera, Tiana Sumanasekera, Alessia Rosa
Total7 Titles

Junior World Championships

Names in italics are alternates who received a team medal.

YearPositionSquad
2019 Bronze medal world centered-2.svg Bronze medal Sydney Barros, Skye Blakely, Kayla DiCello, Konnor McClain
2023 Silver medal world centered-2.svg Silver medal Jayla Hang, Hezly Rivera, Izzy Stassi, Kieryn Finnell
Total0 Title

Most decorated gymnasts

This list includes all American female artistic gymnasts who have won at least four medals at the Olympic Games and the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships combined.

RankGymnastYearsTeamAA VT UB BB FX Olympic Total World TotalTotal
1 Simone Biles 2013–2024113041
2 Shannon Miller 1991–19967916
3 Nastia Liukin 2005–20085914
4 Alicia Sacramone 2005–201111011
5 Jade Carey 2017–20243710
Aly Raisman 2010–20166410
7 Sunisa Lee 2019–2024639
8 Dominique Dawes 1992–2000448
9 Shawn Johnson 2007–2008437
10 Chellsie Memmel 2003–2008167
11 Gabby Douglas 2011–2016336
12 Kim Zmeskal 1991–1992156
13 Kyla Ross 2012–2014156
14 Shilese Jones 2022–2023 Silver medal world centered-2.svg 2022
Bronze medal world centered-2.svg 2023
Silver medal world centered-2.svg 2022
Bronze medal world centered-2.svg 2023
066
15 Rebecca Bross 2009–2010066
16 Madison Kocian 2014–2016235
McKayla Maroney 2011–2013235
18 MyKayla Skinner 2014–2021145
19 Jordan Chiles 2020–2024235
Carly Patterson 2003–2004325
21 Morgan Hurd 2017–2018055
22 Mary Lou Retton 1984505
Kerri Strug 1991–1996235
24 Jordyn Wieber 2011–2012134
25 Courtney Kupets 2002–2004224
Leanne Wong 2021–2023 Silver medal world centered-2.svg 2021 Bronze medal world centered-2.svg 2021 044
27 Amy Chow 1994–2000314
Julianne McNamara 1981–1984314
29 Betty Okino 1991–1992134

Best international results

EventTFAAVTUBBBFX
Olympic Games Gold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svg
World Championships Gold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svg
Pan American Games Gold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svg
Pan American Championships Gold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svg
Junior World Championships Silver medal icon.svg4Gold medal icon.svg4Bronze medal icon.svgSilver medal icon.svg
Junior Pan American GamesGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svg
Junior Pan American Championships Gold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svgGold medal icon.svg

Hall of Famers

Nine national team gymnasts, one national team coach, and one official have been inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame:

See also

References

  1. "ROC wins women's team gold medal, ending Team USA's decade long reign". International Olympic Committee . July 27, 2021. Archived from the original on July 27, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  2. "United States Gymnastics Women's Team All-Around Results". sports-reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  3. Van Deusen, Amy. "US Medalists at Worlds (Men's and Women's)". About Gymnastics. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  4. Riley, Lori (15 August 2010). "Frederick Changed Gymnastics, But Boycott Ended Olympic Dream". Hartfort Courant. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  5. "Stone gold: Biles wraps up worlds with four wins". ESPN.com. November 3, 2018.
  6. "USA Gymnastics | U.S. Medalists at World Artistic Gymnastics Championships". usagym.org. Archived from the original on 2016-08-07. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
  7. "Women's National Team". USA Gymnastics . August 10, 2025. Retrieved August 10, 2025.
  8. "Okino named as U.S. women's program Developmental Lead". USA Gymnastics . January 31, 2025.
  9. "Chellsie Memmel, Alicia Sacramone, Dan Baker to lead U.S. women's gymnastics program". Olympic Channel . May 26, 2022.
  10. "[Annie] Heffernon is named vice president of women's gymnastics". USA Gymnastics. February 4, 2019.
  11. 1 2 "USA Gymnastics Women's Program Office Staff" (PDF). USA Gymnastics . Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  12. "Olympic Games History - Women". USA Gymnastics .