Pleasanton | |
---|---|
Main Street sign Downtown panorama Houses along First Street in historic downtown area Veterans Memorial Building Farmers' Market Ruby Hill Winery Quarter horse racing at the Alameda County Fair | |
Motto: The City of Planned Progress | |
Coordinates: 37°39′45″N121°52′29″W / 37.66250°N 121.87472°W | |
Country | United States |
State | California |
County | Alameda |
Mexican land grant | 1839 |
Established | 1869 |
Incorporated | June 18, 1894 [1] |
Named for | General Alfred Pleasonton |
Government | |
• Type | Council–manager |
• Mayor | Karla Brown [2] |
• Vice Mayor | Julie Testa |
• City Council | Valerie Arkin Jack Balch Jeffrey Nibert |
• City Manager | Gerry Beaudin |
Area | |
• Total | 24.27 sq mi (62.85 km2) |
• Land | 24.12 sq mi (62.47 km2) |
• Water | 0.15 sq mi (0.38 km2) 0.63% |
Elevation | 351 ft (107 m) |
Population | |
• Total | 79,871 |
• Density | 3,300/sq mi (1,300/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−8 (PST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−7 (PDT) |
ZIP Codes | 94566, 94568, 94588 |
Area code | 925 |
FIPS code | 06-57792 |
GNIS feature IDs | 277578, 2411441 |
Website | www |
Pleasanton is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. Located in the Amador Valley, it is a suburb in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 79,871 at the 2020 census. [5] In 2005 and 2007, Pleasanton was ranked the wealthiest middle-sized city in the United States by the Census Bureau. [6] [7] Pleasanton is home to the headquarters of Safeway, Workday, Ellie Mae, Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Blackhawk Network Holdings, Veeva Systems, and Simpson Manufacturing Company. Other major employers include Kaiser Permanente, Oracle and Macy's. [8] Although Oakland is the Alameda County seat, a few county offices are located in Pleasanton. The Alameda County Fairgrounds are located in Pleasanton, where the county fair is held during the last week of June and the first week of July. Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park is located on the west side of town.
The Amador-Livermore Valley, where Pleasanton is located, was home to tribes in the Ohlone language group, mainly speaking Chochenyo. [9] As of the 1770s seven tribes were present in the valley: the Causen, Pelnen, Seunen, Ssaoan, Ssouyen, Taunan, and Yulien. [9] Each had a territory about 10 miles across, living in villages of 60-90 people. [9] The total population of the valley was about 2000-2500 people. [9]
The first Spanish expedition reached the Amador-Livermore Valley in 1772. [10] Native people from the valley began to join Mission Santa Clara, founded in 1777, in small numbers by the 1790s. [10] Large groups began joining missions after Mission San Jose was founded in 1797. [10]
After Mexico independence from Spain in 1821, the missions were secularized, the Native people being emancipated and the land given in the form of ranchos to Spanish and Mexican colonists. [10] Pleasanton is located on the lands of the Rancho Valle de San José and Rancho Santa Rita Mexican land grants. [11]
Before the establishment of Pleasanton in the 1850s, an earlier settlement in the location was called Alisal. It was located on the lands of the Rancho Santa Rita [12] near the site of a Native American ranchera, around the Francisco Solano Alviso Adobe called El Alisal (The Sycamores), [13] one of the earliest houses built in the valley in 1844. It is still standing and serves as the centerpiece of the Alviso Adobe Community Park. Alisal, nicknamed "The Most Desperate Town in the West", was one of the settlements located along La Vereda del Monte that was a haunt and refuge of bandits and desperados in the era following the beginning of the California Gold Rush. Main Street shootouts were not uncommon.[ citation needed ] Banditos such as Claudio Feliz and Joaquin Murrieta ambushed prospectors on their way back from the gold rush fields and then sought refuge in Alisal. In the 1860s Procopio, Narciso Bojorques and others took refuge there.[ citation needed ] Alisal Elementary School reflects the city's original name.
The Rancho Valle de San José grant had been given to Agustín and Juan Pablo Bernal and their brothers-in-law Antonio Suñol and Antonio Maria Pico. [10] [ when? ] In order to safeguard the grant from squatters during the Gold Rush in the 1840s-1850s, the Bernal family moved[ when? ] from San José to live on their ranch along with John Kottinger, an Austrian immigrant and a lawyer who had married into the family. [10]
Pleasanton is located on the lands of the Rancho Valle de San José and Rancho Santa Rita Mexican land grants. Its name was chosen in the 1860s by John W. Kottinger, an Alameda County justice of the peace, after his friend, Union army cavalry Major General Alfred Pleasonton. A typographical error by a recording clerk in Washington, D.C., apparently led to the current spelling. [11]
In 1917, Pleasanton was the backdrop for the film Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm , starring Mary Pickford. [14] The town was once home to Phoebe Apperson Hearst, who lived in a 50-room mansion on a 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) estate, now the site of Castlewood Country Club. [15]
Radum Plant was a sand and gravel plant opened in 1931 by Henry J. Kaiser Co., at Radum train station, one mile east of Pleasanton. [16] [17] [18]
After World War II, Pleasanton changed from being primarily focused on farming and ranching to being a bedroom community and a place for corporate headquarters due to major growth of the Bay Area. [19]
Pleasanton is adjacent to Hayward, Livermore, and Dublin. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 24.3 square miles (63 km2), of which 24.1 square miles (62 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) (0.63%) is water. On the east side of town on Stanley Blvd. near the Livermore border is Shadow Cliffs Regional Park, a lake that permits swimming, fishing, and boating. On the west side is the Pleasanton Ridge with two parks, Pleasanton Ridge and Augustin Bernal Park. Much of Pleasanton is drained by the Arroyo Valle and Arroyo Mocho watercourses. Pleasanton lies along the route of the historic First transcontinental railroad.
Pleasanton features a Mediterranean climate, featuring hot, dry summers and mild to cool winters with occasional rainfall (Köppen climate classification Csa). The highest recorded temperature was 115 °F (46 °C) in 1950. The lowest recorded temperature was 17 °F (−8 °C) in 1990. [20]
Climate data for Pleasanton, California | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 75 (24) | 80 (27) | 88 (31) | 96 (36) | 104 (40) | 113 (45) | 112 (44) | 112 (44) | 115 (46) | 106 (41) | 90 (32) | 79 (26) | 115 (46) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 58 (14) | 62 (17) | 65 (18) | 71 (22) | 77 (25) | 84 (29) | 89 (32) | 89 (32) | 86 (30) | 78 (26) | 65 (18) | 57 (14) | 73 (23) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 37 (3) | 40 (4) | 42 (6) | 44 (7) | 48 (9) | 53 (12) | 55 (13) | 55 (13) | 53 (12) | 48 (9) | 42 (6) | 37 (3) | 46 (8) |
Record low °F (°C) | 17 (−8) | 23 (−5) | 22 (−6) | 29 (−2) | 32 (0) | 30 (−1) | 36 (2) | 40 (4) | 35 (2) | 29 (−2) | 23 (−5) | 18 (−8) | 17 (−8) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.99 (76) | 2.77 (70) | 2.47 (63) | 0.96 (24) | 0.43 (11) | 0.09 (2.3) | 0.03 (0.76) | 0.08 (2.0) | 0.24 (6.1) | 0.84 (21) | 1.88 (48) | 2.04 (52) | 14.48 (368) |
Source 1: The Weather Channel [20] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather Atlas [21] |
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1870 | 350 | — | |
1880 | 600 | 71.4% | |
1890 | 984 | 64.0% | |
1900 | 1,100 | 11.8% | |
1910 | 1,254 | 14.0% | |
1920 | 991 | −21.0% | |
1930 | 1,237 | 24.8% | |
1940 | 1,278 | 3.3% | |
1950 | 2,244 | 75.6% | |
1960 | 4,203 | 87.3% | |
1970 | 18,328 | 336.1% | |
1980 | 35,160 | 91.8% | |
1990 | 50,533 | 43.7% | |
2000 | 63,654 | 26.0% | |
2010 | 70,285 | 10.4% | |
2020 | 79,871 | 13.6% | |
2023 (est.) | 76,459 | [22] | −4.3% |
U.S. Decennial Census [23] |
The 2020 United States Census [24] reported that Pleasanton had a population of 79,871. The population density was 2,896.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,118.3/km2).
There were 25,245 households, out of which 10,785 (42.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 16,206 (64.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,024 (8.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 948 (3.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 887 (3.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 156 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. Of the households, 4,860 (19.3%) were made up of individuals, and 1,853 (7.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77. There were 19,178 families (76.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.20.
There were 26,053 housing units at an average density of 1,073.7 units per square mile (414.6 units/km2), of which 25,245 were occupied, of which 17,891 (70.9%) were owner-occupied, and 7,354 (29.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.1%. 51,839 people (73.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 17,990 people (25.6%) lived in rental housing units.
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Pleasanton experienced a major economic boom starting in the early 1980s, largely associated with the development of a number of business parks, the largest of which is the Hacienda Business Park. These host a number of campus-like clusters of low-rise and medium-rise office buildings. Pleasanton has been successful in attracting a number of corporate headquarters, such as those of Safeway, Blackhawk Network Holdings, Workday, Simpson Manufacturing, The Cooper Companies and Shaklee. Despite an increase in office space vacancy rates in 2000–2004, economic development has remained strong through the middle of the decade.
Pleasanton was also the headquarters of the former PeopleSoft, Inc. (which was acquired by Oracle Corporation), Documentum (which was acquired by EMC Corporation), Thoratec (now part of Abbott), E-Loan (which was acquired by Popular), Spreckels Sugar Company (which was acquired by Imperial Holly), Ross Stores (which moved to nearby Dublin in 2014), Patelco Credit Union (also moved to Dublin) and the home loan operation of Providian (which was acquired by Washington Mutual, itself later acquired by JPMorgan Chase). Oracle occupies two buildings of the former PeopleSoft campus, and is the fourth-largest employer in Pleasanton, behind Workday, Safeway and Kaiser Permanente. In addition, Pleasanton is the site of a large AT&T campus.
Other companies with major operations in Pleasanton include Hitachi High Technologies America, Inc., Cisco Systems, QASource, Sage Software (Accpac, etc.), CooperVision, Clorox, Fireside Bank (closed in 2012), Roche, BMC Software, Zoho Corporation, Applied Biosystems, EMC Corporation, Portrait Displays, Inc. and Broadcom Inc.
In retail operations, Pleasanton has one major regional mall (Stoneridge Shopping Center) and a number of other shopping centers. In addition to the business parks and retail centers, Pleasanton is known for its downtown, which is home to a number of fine-dining, casual, and ethnic restaurants, specialty retailers, and service businesses. A redesign of Main Street in the 1990s emphasized pedestrian traffic and outdoor dining.
In 2005, the median household income in Pleasanton was $101,022, the highest income for any city with a population between 65,000 and 249,999 people. [6] Similarly, for 2007, the median household income rose to $113,345, also the highest in the category. [7] According to City-Data.com, the median household income had risen to $121,622 by 2013, compared to a statewide median of $60,190. [26]
According to the Bay East Association of Realtors, the median price of a detached single family home was $1,795,000 as of August 2021. [27] According to Zillow.com, the median home value in Pleasanton was $1,500,415 as of September 2021. [28]
According to the city, as of July 2024 the top fifteen employers in Pleasanton are: [8]
# | Employer | Employees |
---|---|---|
1 | Workday | 5,399 |
2 | Kaiser Permanente | 3,019 |
3 | Pleasanton Unified School District | 1,373 |
4 | Safeway | 1,348 |
5 | Stanford Health Care Tri-Valley | 1,124 |
6 | Veeva Systems | 945 |
7 | Roche Molecular Diagnostics | 927 |
8 | Oracle Corporation | 882 |
9 | 10x Genomics | 600 |
10 | Life Technologies | 579 |
11 | ICE Mortgage Technology | 548 |
12 | SMM Facilities Inc | 442 |
13 | Blackhawk Network Holdings | 383 |
14 | Clorox Services Company | 369 |
15 | Sensiba San Filippo, LLP | 331 |
Pleasanton maintains regular events for the community. Every Saturday morning a farmers' market sets up on Angela, off Main Street. There are several parades during the year, commemorating Christmas, Memorial Day, and Veterans Day, as well as kicking off the beginning of the Alameda County Fair and soccer season.
Beginning in the late 1990s, the Pleasanton Downtown Association organized the popular First Wednesday celebrations from May through September of each year. On the first Wednesday of summer months, Main Street was blocked to traffic and adopted a street fair atmosphere. Each First Wednesday celebration was given a theme and planned with related activities. At this local event, businesses and organizations from downtown and around the Tri-Valley set up booths in the center of the street. A local band performed in the Inklings coffee house parking lot, which was closed off for dancing. The parking lot was also set up as a beergarden, with beer and wine available for consumption. [29] In 2017, the association announced it was discontinuing the events, and was considering other types of events in future years. [30]
Another Pleasanton Downtown Association tradition is the Friday Concerts in the Park series. Every Friday from June until September the PDA schedules different local bands to perform in the evenings at the Lions' Wayside Park off of First Street. The events are free of charge and draw a crowd. [31] Additional seating for 'Concerts in the Park' is available at Delucchi Park, at the intersection of First Street and Neal Street.
The Alameda County Fairgrounds is a 270-acre (110 ha) facility located in Pleasanton. It is home to the annual Alameda County Fair, held since 1912, [32] as well as numerous trade shows and community events including but not limited to the Scottish Games which occur annually on Labor Day weekend. Located on its grounds, the Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack was built in 1858, making it the oldest 1-mile (1.6 km) horse racing track in the United States. There is a 3,000 seat amphitheater, as well as a nine-hole golf course located within the track's infield.
The Alameda County Central Railroad Society has maintained a model train exhibit at the fairgrounds since 1959. [33]
Because of the preservation of Pleasanton's historic downtown area, many examples of architectural styles dating back to the mid-19th century exist. Buildings in Gothic Revival, Pioneer, Italianate, Commercial Italianate, Colonial Revival, and Queen Anne styles can be found within walking distance of each other.
One of the icons of downtown Pleasanton is the Kolln Hardware building, located at 600 Main Street. It is designed in the Commercial Italianate style, but the prominent five-sided corner tower and a few other features are indicative of the Colonial Revival style. The structure mixes in a little bit of Queen Anne design in the tower and gable. This building was built in 1890 and has always housed a hardware store, first by the Lewis Brothers, then Cruikshank and Kolln. The hardware store has been known as Kolln Hardware since 1933. In 2004, the Kolln Hardware business shut its doors. Bud Cornett, a Pleasanton developer, purchased the landmark and has invested in its renovation and earthquake retrofit. [34] After more than 100 years of serving the community as a hardware store, the space is now occupied by Comerica Bank. [35]
The Firehouse Arts Center, opened in 2010, is a center of culture and art for Pleasanton. It features a 221-seat theater, the Harrington art gallery, and classrooms for art and drama.
Hacienda del Pozo de Verona (The House of the Wellhead of Verona) was destroyed in a fire in 1969. The house was built by architect A. C. Schweinfurth for Phoebe Hearst in 1898. [36] Phoebe Apperson Hearst had the hacienda remodeled and expanded by architect Julia Morgan for use as her primary residence after her husband died. The estate was built upon a 453-acre (1.83 km2) rancheria obtained in 1886 by George Hearst, who intended to use the location for a race horse farm. [37] Its name was inspired by the circular, carved marble wellhead purchased by Phoebe and William in Verona, Italy and installed in the middle of the courtyard. The hacienda was the only female-owned estate to be mentioned in Porter Garnett's Stately Homes of California. The architecture of the hacienda has been called California Mission style by various sources. The original architect used the term "provincial Spanish Renaissance", [38] while Garnett wrote it would be more accurately called "Hispano-Moresque". [39] Moorish influence was found throughout the estate, such as in the guardhouses which stood on either side of the courtyard entrance. [40] The hacienda was topped by imported red Spanish tiles and had undecorated walls of white stucco. After Phoebe's death in 1919, William had the wellhead and other furniture and objects moved to Hearst Castle at San Simeon and sold the estate. [40]
Pleasanton operates under a council–manager form of municipal government. The council consists of four representatives elected by district and one directly elected mayor. The councilors are each elected to a four-year term, while the mayor serves a two-year term. Council and mayoral elections are non-partisan. The vice mayor is appointed each calendar year by the mayor. The mayor and council members are limited to a maximum term of eight years. [41]
The city council consists of: Karla Brown (mayor), Valerie Arkin, Jack Balch, Jeffrey Nibert, and Julie Testa. [2] The city manager is Gerry Beaudin.
In the state legislature Pleasanton is in the 7th Senate District , represented by Democrat Steve Glazer until 2024, when it will be in the 5th Senate District , represented by Democrat Susan Eggman, who will be termed out. [42] In the state assembly Pleasanton is in the 16th Assembly District , represented by Democrat Rebecca Bauer-Kahan and the 20th Assembly District , represented by Democrat Liz Ortega. [43] Federally, Pleasanton is in California's 14th congressional district , represented by Democrat Eric Swalwell. [44]
Pleasanton has 44,099 registered voters with 17,021 (39.2%) registered as Democrats, 11,338 (25.7%) registered as Republicans, and 13,867 (31.4%) Decline to State voters. [45]
For the majority of Pleasanton, the public schools are part of the Pleasanton Unified School District. [48] Pleasanton USD formed in 1988 when the school districts of Pleasanton and Dublin unified along city lines. [49] A very small portion of Pleasanton lies in the Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District. [48]
Pleasanton's two comprehensive high schools, Amador Valley and Foothill, are ranked by Niche among the top 200 public high schools in the nation. [50] [51] Pleasanton also has a continuation high school, Village High School. As of 2024, the district also contained Thomas S. Hart Middle School, Pleasanton Middle School and Harvest Park Middle School along with nine elementary schools, one preschool, and an adult education program. [52]
The Pleasanton Weekly is a local newspaper. [53] Tri-Valley Community Television operates their sole station in Pleasanton.
Pleasanton is situated at the crossroads of two major Interstate Highways, I-580 and I-680, which mirror the historic cross-routes of Native American tribes who used the precursor paths as major trading routes. This fact was first discovered with the excavations for Hacienda Business Park, revealing significant tribal artifacts and human skeletal remains. [54]
The city is served by two stations on the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) heavy rail system's Blue Line, which runs along the northern boundary of the city:
The Altamont Corridor Express rail service stops near Pleasanton's downtown at Pleasanton Station.
The Wheels (LAVTA) bus transit system is the primary provider of bus service in Pleasanton (with numerous routes in the city), and connects Pleasanton to Livermore and Dublin, along with the above three stations. [55]
Express routes from Pleasanton station and Dublin/Pleasanton station to San Ramon and Walnut Creek are provided by County Connection. [56]
Pleasanton's closest airport is Livermore Municipal Airport, which is primarily used for general aviation and charter flights; there is no regularly-scheduled commercial service. The closest commercial airports are San Jose International Airport, which is reachable by the Altamont Corridor Express, and Oakland International Airport, which can be reached directly through BART. The majority of international flights serving the region operate from San Francisco International Airport, also accessible via BART.
People from Pleasanton include:
Alameda County is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.
Dublin is a suburban city of the East Bay in California, United States. It is located within the Amador Valley of Alameda County's Tri-Valley region. It is located along the north side of Interstate 580 at the intersection with Interstate 680, roughly 35 miles (56 km) east of downtown San Francisco, 23 miles (37 km) east of downtown Oakland, and 31 miles (50 km) north of downtown San Jose.
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The Tri-Valley area is grouping of three valleys in the East Bay region of California's Bay Area. The three valleys are Amador Valley, San Ramon Valley, and Livermore Valley. The Tri-Valley encompasses the cities of Dublin, Livermore, Pleasanton and San Ramon, the town of Danville and the CDPs of Alamo, Blackhawk and Diablo. The area is known for its Mediterranean climate, wineries, and nature. It is primarily suburban in character. The United States Census Bureau defines an urban area centered in the cities of Livermore, Pleasanton, and Dublin with a 2020 population of 240,381, ranked 167th in the United States in terms of population. The total population of the area is estimated to be 361,000. It offers more affordable living accommodations than the cities of San Francisco and San Jose.
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Murray Township was a township located in what is now the Livermore Valley portion of Alameda County, California, including the present day cities of Livermore, Dublin, and Pleasanton, and the census-designated place of Sunol.
Dublin/Pleasanton station is a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station on the border of Dublin and Pleasanton in California. It is the eastern terminus of the Blue Line. It is also a major bus terminal served by six providers.
California's 14th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California. Eric Swalwell, a Democrat, has represented the district since January 2023.
The Pleasanton Unified School District (PUSD) is a public primary and secondary education school district located in Pleasanton, California, United States, a suburban town east of San Francisco. It consists of nine elementary schools, three middle schools, two comprehensive high schools, and one alternative high school.
Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District (LVJUSD) is a public school district located in Livermore, California, United States. It is located in Alameda County. As of August 2024, the superintendent is Torie Gibson, and the school board is composed of Steven Drouin, Emily Prusso, Craig Bueno, Kristie Wang, and Yanira Guzman. 12,956 students enrolled in schools in the district in the 2022-2023 school year.
Amador Valley High School is a comprehensive public high school in Pleasanton, California. It is one of three high schools in the Pleasanton Unified School District, along with Foothill High School and Village High School.
The Alviso Adobe Community Park is a 7-acre (2.8 ha) park in the city of Pleasanton, California, United States. It is built around an adobe house constructed in 1854 by Francisco Alviso on the Rancho Santa Rita Mexican Land Grant. The Alviso Adobe is a rare surviving example of an early American adobe that was continuously in use until 1969. The building is registered as California Historical Landmark #510 in 1954, but most of the historical marker was later found to be erroneous.
Dougherty was an unincorporated community in Alameda County, California. It was associated with two separate areas near Dublin, the first at an elevation of 348 feet (106 m).
Amador Valley is a valley in eastern Alameda County, California and is the location of the cities of Dublin and Pleasanton. Part of Tri-Valley, the valley is bounded by the foothills of the Diablo Range on the north and south, Pleasanton Ridge to the west, and Livermore Valley to the east.
Rancho Santa Rita was a 8,894-acre (35.99 km2) Mexican land grant in the Amador Valley and western Livermore Valley, which is in present day Alameda County, California.
José María Amador was a Californio ranchero, gold miner, and soldier. Amador County and Amador City, both in California's Gold Country, are named after Amador, having found gold there in 1848. He is also the namesake of Amador Valley, a component of the Tri-Valley in Alameda County.
Valley Link is a proposed 26-mile-long (42 km) commuter rail service in Northern California, which seeks to connect the rapid transit Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system in the San Francisco Bay Area with the northern San Joaquin Valley via the Tri-Valley region. Since 1997, BART's Blue Line's eastern terminus is at Dublin/Pleasanton station on the border of Dublin and Pleasanton. Valley Link seeks to extend rail service east from here into the northern San Joaquin Valley over Altamont Pass, which would help alleviate traffic congestion and reduce greenhouse gas emissions on Interstate 580 (I-580). The project resulted from various failed proposals to extend the Blue Line east to Livermore.
Tulare Lake was a large, shallow lake in the center of the Amador Valley, surrounded by Willow Marsh. Tule rushes and willow trees once lined the marshes and sloughs of its shores. Drainage alterations starting in the 19th century have since reduced the marsh to the Arroyo de la Laguna, and the city of Pleasanton has since expanded across what was once marshland. Such rapid developments have led to large seasonal flow variations in Niles Canyon.
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