Wu Sangui,courtesy name Changbai (長白) or Changbo (長伯),was a notorious Ming dynasty military officer who played a key role in the fall of the Ming dynasty and the founding of the Qing dynasty in China. In Chinese folklore,Wu Sangui is regarded as a disreputable Han Chinese traitor who played a pivotal role in several historical events,including the Battle of Shanhai Pass,Qing conquest of Ming China,the suppression of Southern Ming resistances and the execution of the Yongli Emperor,and eventually double-crossed both of his masters,the Ming and the Qing dynasties.
The Revolt of the Three Feudatories,also known as the Rebellion of Wu Sangui,was a rebellion in China lasting from 1673 to 1681,during the early reign of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). The revolt was led by the three lords of the fiefdoms in Yunnan,Guangdong and Fujian provinces against the Qing central government. These hereditary titles had been given to prominent Han Chinese defectors who had helped the Manchu conquer China during the transition from Ming to Qing. The feudatories were supported by Zheng Jing's Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan,which sent forces to invade Mainland China. Additionally,minor Han military figures,such as Wang Fuchen and the Chahar Mongols,also revolted against Qing rule. After the last remaining Han resistance had been put down,the former princely titles were abolished.
Zongdu were the managers supervising provincial governors in Ming and Qing China. One viceroy usually administered several provinces and was in charge of all affairs of military,food,wages,rivers,and provincial governors within their region of jurisdiction. Viceroys was appointed by and directly reported to the Emperor.
The Viceroy of Zhili,officially in Chinese as the Governor-General of the Directly Subordinate Province and Other Local Areas,in Charge of Military Affairs,Food and Wages,Management of Rivers and Governor Affairs, was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Liangjiang had jurisdiction of military,civil,and political affairs over then Zhili Province. The Governor's Office sat in then Zhili Province's Baoding Prefecture City.
The Viceroy of Liangguang,fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Two Guang Provinces and Other Local Areas,in Charge of Military Affairs,Food and Wages and Governor Affairs,was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Ming and Qing dynasties of China. The Viceroy of Liangguang had jurisdiction of military,civil,and political affairs over then Guangdong Province and then Guangxi Province.
The Viceroy of Liangjiang,fully named in Chinese as the Governor-General of the Two River Provinces and Other Local Admirals,in Charge of Military Affairs,Food and Wages,Management of Rivers,and Administration on Nanhe Affairs,was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Liangjiang had jurisdiction of military,civil,and political affairs over then Jiangnan Province and then Jiangxi Province. The position was set up in 1647 and abolished in 1912.
Ortai (1680–1745) was the first Earl Xiangqin. He was an eminent Manchu official from the Sirin Gioro clan,belonging to the Bordered Blue Banner,during the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). He served both the Yongzheng Emperor and the Qianlong Emperor. Ortai governed the southwestern region of the Qing empire,Yun-Gui,from around 1726–1731,and was responsible for putting down several Miao uprisings. He fell ill and died in 1745.
The Viceroy of Shaan-Gan,fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Shaanxi,Gansu and Other Local Areas,in Charge of Military Affairs,Food and Wages,Tea and Horses and Governor Affairs,was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Shaan-Gan had jurisdiction of military,civil,and political affairs over then Shaanxi Province and then Gansu Province.
The Viceroy of Min-Zhe,fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Min-Zhe Provinces and Other Local Areas,in Charge of Military Affairs,Food and Wages and Governor Affairs,was one of eight Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Sichuan had jurisdiction of military,civil,and political affairs over then Fujian Province,Zhejiang Province,and Taiwan Province.
The Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces,fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of the Three Eastern Provinces and Other Local Areas,and in Charge of Managing the Generals of the Three Provinces and the Governor of Fengtian,was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces had jurisdiction of military,civil,and political affairs over then Fengtian Province,Jilin Province,and Heilongjiang Province.
The Viceroy of Huguang,fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Hubei,Hunan and Other Local Areas,in Charge of Military Affairs,Food and Wages and Governor Affairs,was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Huguang had jurisdiction of military,civil,and political affairs over then Hubei Province and then Hunan Province.
The Viceroy of Sichuan,fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Sichuan and Other Local Areas,in Charge of Military Affairs,Food and Wages and Governor Affairs,was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Sichuan had jurisdiction of military,civil,and political affairs over then Sichuan Province.
Events from the year 1662 in China.
Events from the year 1661 in the Qing dynasty.
Events from the year 1663 in China. Also known as 壬寅4359 or 4299 to 卯年4360 or 4300 in the Earthly Branches calendar.
Events from the year 1665 in China.
Events from the year 1667 in China.
Events from the year 1670 in China.
Events from the year 1673 in China.
The Qing dynasty (1636–1912) was the last imperial dynasty of China. The early Qing emperors adopted the bureaucratic structures and institutions from the preceding Ming dynasty but split rule between the Han and Manchus with some positions also given to Mongols. Like previous dynasties,the Qing recruited officials via the imperial examination system until the system was abolished in 1905. The Qing divided the positions into civil and military positions,each having nine grades or ranks,each subdivided into a and b categories. Civil appointments ranged from an attendant to the emperor or a grand secretary in the Forbidden City (highest) to being a prefectural tax collector,deputy jail warden,deputy police commissioner,or tax examiner. Military appointments ranged from being a field marshal or chamberlain of the imperial bodyguard to a third class sergeant,corporal or a first or second class private.
