White Owl Conservation Awards

Last updated
White Owl Conservation Awards
Awarded for
greatest contribution to the preservation of the Canadian environment
Sponsored by
General Cigar Co. (1968–71)
Imperial Tobacco (1972–76)
Country
Canada
Presented by
government minister or senator
Rewards
varied by year and recipient
First award
1968
Final award
1976

The White Owl Conservation Awards were established in 1968. Initially, a single award was given annually to the person or group (chosen from those nominated) that was considered to have made the greatest contribution to the preservation of Canada's natural environment. The award could be shared by two persons or groups. Later, separate prizes were given annually for individuals and groups. A system of grants for worthy environmental projects was introduced in 1970.

Contents

The awards and grants were discontinued at the end of 1976 due to controversy over their sponsor. The original sponsor of the program was the General Cigar Company of Montréal, Quebec (see Note  [A] for use of accented "é "), maker of the White Owl brand of cigars. By 1972, sponsorship was assumed by Imperial Tobacco, of which General Cigar was a subsidiary.

Establishment and sponsorship

"Stirring the polluted mud"
"An aroused public is the only thing that will force governments at all levels to take adequate steps to combat air and water pollution, prevent desecration of forests and stem the demise of wildlife, says Robert Alexander.

Canadian business has come under attack from time to time as ' profit-seeking commercial interests ' mainly responsible for the ' rape of the environment '. Mr. Alexander feels, though, that the problem is broader than that. ' Society in general has to share some of the blame, because in its haste to acquire easier living without adequate planning, it is often forgotten that a large price is being paid for it, bigger even than the price tags on new automobiles '....

Mr. Alexander says that, in the coming century, technology will make for more and more leisure time, but ' we will have nowhere to go in pursuit of happiness '. Industrial effluent has poisoned the rivers, the air will be toxic with exhaust fumes, the countryside will have vanished and cities will be paralyzed by congestion. ' But it was in recognition of those who are striving to do something about the problem that our [White Owl Conservation] award was initiated.'"
— Robert Wilson (1970),Montreal Star, Jan 6, 1970, p. 19.
"Anti-pollution action growing in business"
... " Bob Alexander is as much a keen conservationist as he is a businessman, and tries to incorporate the two interests. True, he has often been asked how a man concerned about wildlife and clean air can manufacture ' these smelly cigars ' and no, he doesn't have an answer. ' What would you say? ' he asked with a shrug. ' I guess all I can say is that the decision to smoke is a personal one but having to breathe polluted air is not.'"
— Carol Pascoe, Canadian Press (1971),The Gazette (Montréal), May 24, 1971, p. 7.

The annual White Owl Conservation Awards were established in 1968 by Robert B. Alexander, [B] an ardent conservationist and the marketing Vice-President (April 1969, President) of the General Cigar Company Ltd. [C] The company used part of its advertising budget to sponsor the awards. [2] [11] [12]

In November 1967, General Cigar had introduced new packaging and collectible insert cards for the four varieties of its White Owl brand of cigars. The cards were illustrated by J. Fenwick Lansdowne, an internationally noted painter of Canadian birds, with descriptive texts added by naturalist John Livingstone. During their conversations on environmental matters, Alexander, Lansdowne, and Livingstone had noted "the fact that Canada had no way of recognizing its outstanding conservationists", [11] which led to the creation of the White Owl awards in 1968. [11] [13] [14] [15]

Robert Alexander left General Cigar as of May 1, 1971, to take up the position of manager of a tobacco wholesaler in Victoria, British Columbia. He was replaced as President of General Cigar by one of its vice-presidents, Edmond Ricard, who became President of Imperial Tobacco Products Ltd. as of March 1, 1972. Ricard held the Imperial Tobacco position in addition to the presidencies of its subsidiaries, General Cigar Co. and Imperial Leaf Tobacco Co. [16] [17] [18] [19] [8] [20] [21]

By 1972, sponsorship of the White Owl Conservation Awards was transferred from General Cigar Company [D] to its parent company, Imperial Tobacco Products Limited, which was renamed Imperial Tobacco Limited in November 1974. This incarnation of Imperial Tobacco was an operating division of Imasco Limited. [8] [9] [28] [29] [30] [31]

Awards and grants

Achievement awards

The first White Owl Conservation Award (1968) was a single honour comprising a trophy and a $5000 prize. It was presented to the individual or organization considered by an independent panel of judges (the Awards Committee) to have "contributed the most" to conservation in Canada. Nominations for the first award opened in March 1968, and it was presented the following December. In the first year, candidates for consideration could be proposed only by members of Outdoor Writers of Canada, [E] who nominated fourteen organizations and one individual. Starting in 1969, nominations could be made by any Canadian. [35] [36] [38] [39] [40] [37]

The winner in 1970 was the nominee considered by the Awards Committee to have contributed the most to anti-pollution work and the preservation of the Canadian environment. [41] The amount of the prize was doubled in 1971 to $10000. In addition, the specific reference in the criteria to anti-pollution work was dropped, and the phrase "outstanding contribution" came into use near the end of that year alongside the phrase "contributed the most". [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47]

Separate awards for groups and individuals were introduced in 1972, with respective prizes of $10000 and $2000. In 1975, the prize for the individual award was increased to $3000. [48] [49]

Television commercial competition

In each of 1971 and 1972, the Awards Committee held a competition among post-secondary educational institutions for the production of a television commercial that promoted public participation in the preservation of the environment. All entries became the property of the Committee. The prizes were $1000 for first place, $300 for second place, and $100 each for two honourable mentions. [44] [50] [51] [52]

A § Summary by year of the specifics of the awards and grants and a separate list by year of the § Recipients of awards are given below.

Grants

In late April 1970, the White Owl Conservation Awards Committee announced the availability of grants of up to $2500 for conservation and anti-pollution projects, with "immediate need" being a key criterion. [53] Initially, four grants were made each year in 1970, 1971, and 1972. [54] [55] [56] In 1971, the range for the grants was set as $1000 to $2500, with a total allotment of $8000, the latter being an increase from 1970. [42] [43] [57]

Beginning in 1973, the number of annual grants increased. Starting January 1974, the intention was to issue grants "on a near-monthly basis", with amounts under $1000 available. [58] [59] Starting February 1975, the Awards Committee could officially give multiple grants to a single group, and a special category of "mini-grants" of up to $500 was introduced for "groups getting started, or for useful, small-scale projects". [60] The sum of $35000 was allotted for grants in each of 1975 and 1976. [49] [61]

A list by year of the § Recipients of grants is given below.

Name change

In March 1976, the name of the White Owl Conservation Awards (and Program) was changed to the Imperial Tobacco Environmental Awards (and Program). Imperial Tobacco gave a number of reasons for the change:

Summary of awards and grants

White Owl Conservation Awards and Grants, 1968-1976
YearAnnual Prize(s)Grants available for ProjectsRef.
Person or GroupTV Commercial
1968$5000—— [38] [40]
1969$5000—— [37]
1970$5000—- Up to $2500 each. [41] [53]
1971$10000$1000/$300/$100- From $1000 to $2500 each. [42] [50]
GroupPerson
1972$10000$2000$1000/$300/$100- From $1000 to $2500 each. [48] [52]
1973$10000$2000—- From $1000 to $2500 each. [64]
1974$10000$2000—- Up to $2500 each. [58]
1975$10000$3000—- Up to $2500 each. [49]
1976$10 000$3000—- Up to $2500 each. [61]

Recipients of awards

Recipients of the White Owl Conservation Award(s), 1968–1975
YearRecipient(s) and Achievement(s)Trophy
& Prize		Presenter
1968 Albion Hills Conservation School, in the Township of Albion (1974, Town of Caledon):
– For "its educational programs for a wide variety of youth and student groups [F] in many aspects of conservation and the outdoor environment. [G] ... Its seven day a week programs are so successful that they are booked one year in advance." [40] The judges hoped that the selection of the Albion Hills School would "encourage the establishment of more such facilities" for the betterment of children and adults everywhere in Canada. [65]
$5000 Jean Chrétien   [H]
1969John R. Heron, [I] author, Royal Bank of Canada Monthly Letter :  [J]
– For using the publication since 1946 to promote conservation to its 700000 readers worldwide (in 1969) and for publishing two booklets on the conservation of flora and fauna.
B.C. Wildlife Federation:
– For creating "public awareness of the need to accommodate outdoor recreational values" and inserting "a conservation viewpoint into the decision making process" regarding the development and management of the province's natural resources. [71] [72] [73]
$5000
shared		 Alan Macnaughton   [K]
1970 Pollution Probe (founded 1969 at the University of Toronto):
– For raising public awareness of the problem of phosphates in detergents and for being a key player in getting Ontario to ban the insecticide DDT. [77] [78]
$5000Jean Chrétien
1971Tony Le Sauteur, chemist, conservationist, and Director of Fédération québécoise de la faune (Quebec Wildlife Federation):
– For numerous contributions, including the development of a widely used method of stocking lakes with fish, the establishment of 50 local lake associations to prevent pollution, and his work to restore the shoreline and islands of the St. Lawrence River as public parklands. Le Sauteur was a very active and vocal opponent of water pollution, notably industrial pollution in the Ottawa River and untreated sewage from the City of Montréal. He was considered to be the pre-eminent water pollution expert in Montréal.
$10000 Victor Goldbloom   [L]
Competition among post-secondary educational institutions for the production of a television commercial that promoted public participation in environmental preservation:
1972 Canadian Wildlife Federation :
– For its education program, its submissions to the government on proposed environmental legislation, its contribution to the creation of the Canadian Arctic Resources Commission, and its intervention in legal actions in U.S. courts to block the construction of an oil pipeline in Alaska and the consequent transportation by ocean tankers.
Group
$10000		Jean Chrétien
Dr. Fred Knelman of Sir George Williams University :
– For raising public awareness of key environmental issues and representing Canada at international environmental meetings.
Person
$2000
Competition among post-secondary educational institutions for the production of a television commercial that promoted public participation in environmental preservation:
1973Students' Park Fund:
– For raising money to purchase parkland in the Hamilton, Ontario, area of the Niagara Escarpment for the creation of a nature park by the local conservation authority in lieu of commercial development.
National and Provincial Parks Association:
– For its successful opposition to the residential and commercial development of the Lake Louise area in the Alberta Rockies.
Group
$10000
shared		 Maurice Lamontagne   [M]
Dr. Donald Chant, Chair of the Department of Zoology at the University of Toronto, outspoken environmentalist, a founder of Pollution Probe (1969), the Canadian Arctic Resources Committee, and the Canadian Environmental Law Research Foundation:
– For crystallizing public opinion on the need for genuine action on environmental problems. [86] [87] [88]
Person
$2000
1974Canadian Environmental Law Research Foundation:
– For its efforts to enforce environmental laws through the courts and for its book Environment on Trial: A Citizen's Guide to Ontario Environmental Law.
Group
$10000		 Jeanne Sauvé   [N]
Jack O'Dette:
– For "an estimated 22,000 hours of conservation work" as a founder of the Canadian Wildlife Federation and a longtime officer of the Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters. [89] [90]
Person
$2000
1975Canadian Arctic Resources Committee, comprising scientists, sociologists, lawyers, engineers, business people, and indigenous people:
– For its work to ensure that development projects in the Arctic are fully studied before being implemented.
Group
$10000		 George Albert Kerr   [O]
Anthony Barrett, a founder of Pollution Probe (1969) and an environmental consultant:
– For his efforts to increase public awareness of environmentally destructive activities in Canada. [91] [92]
Person
$3000
Recipients of the Imperial Tobacco Environment Awards, 1976
YearRecipient(s) and Achievement(s)Trophy & Prize
1976 Energy Probe :
– For its participation in the development of a Canadian energy policy that maximizes the use of renewable sources. [62] [93] [94] [95] [96]
Group
$10000
Gary Gallon, Director, Canadian Scientific Pollution and Environmental Control Society, Vancouver:
– For his strong advocacy for the prevention and elimination of petroleum pollution in marine environments. [97]
Douglas Pimlott, Professor of Forestry and Zoology, University of Toronto, and member, Canadian Arctic Resources Committee:
– For his active and vocal opposition to the drilling for oil and gas in Canada's Arctic waters. [98]
Person
$3000
shared

Recipients of grants

Grants by the White Owl Conservation Award(s) Committee for projects, 1970–1976
YearRecipient and Purpose(s)Amount
1970 Pollution Probe - Toronto:
– To finance its Summer Project '70 in which a group of university students studied water pollution in Ontario's resort areas and held discussion groups with seasonal residents regarding means of reducing such pollution. [99]
$2000
Society for Pollution and Environmental Control (SPEC) of Vancouver, British Columbia:
– For its anti-pollution projects, including an "Ecology Caravan" travelling around BC to publicize the need for immediate action on pollution, equipment for a laboratory to test air and water, and sound metering equipment. [100]
$2500
Society to Overcome Pollution (STOP) of Montréal, Quebec:
– To defray its office expenses. [101]
$1000
Conseil québécois de l'environnement (Quebec Council on the Environment)  [P]  :
– To publish an information bulletin. [101]
$1000
The White Owl Committee sponsored and hosted an Anti-Pollution Conference [Q] in the Laurentians at Lac-Écho, north of Saint-Jérôme , Quebec, July 31 and August 1–2, for anti-pollution organizations from across Canada. The conference resulted in the adoption of The Canadian Association on Human Environment (incorporated federally April 1970) [R] as a national co-ordinating office for the groups. [106] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113]
1971Algonquin Wildlands League:
– To support its campaign against further logging in Quetico Provincial Park. [114] [115]
$1300
Douglas Pimlott, Professor of Forestry and Zoology, University of Toronto, ardent promoter of conservation and active member of several conservation organizations:
– To finance "a cross-Canada study of environmental quality". [116] [117]
$2500
Ojibwe youth of the Rat Portage Reserve near Kenora, Ontario :
– To establish a wild rice paddy in a ravine near Lake of the Woods. [118] [119]
$1500
Canadian Arctic Resources Committee, formed June 1971:
– In support of its efforts to assess research done by government, universities, and industry on northern development. [120] [121] [122]
$2500
1972 National and Provincial Parks Association of Canada, Ottawa Branch:
– To finance the printing of its booklet Gatineau Park : A Proposal for its Conservation and Use in which the group argued for the preservation of the park in its current semi-wilderness state. [30] [123]
$2000
R. Murray Schafer, Professor of Communication Studies at Simon Fraser University :
– To publish a new edition of his book The Book of Noise, which described the dangers of noise pollution. [30] [124]
$2125
Canadian Environmental Law Research Foundation:
– To set up a law advisory office at Sudbury, Ontario, to assist the public in legal fights against pollution. [30] [82] [125]
$2500
Bruce Litteljohn, director of the Algonquin Wildlands League, former Quetico Provincial Park ranger, and opponent of logging and mining in provincial parks:
– To enable him "to complete an environmental survey of the Canadian shore of Lake Superior " with the intention of publishing a photographically illustrated book of the area. [82] [126] [127] [128] [129]
$2500
The following should not be treated as complete since the entries are derived primarily from reports in print media. Two of the items (one in 1973, one in 1974) were found only in archival records.
1973Comité pour la défense de la Baie James (James Bay Defence Committee) of Montréal:
– To enable it to hold public hearings on the ecological, social, and economic aspects of a vast hydroelectric project in the James Bay region. [130] [131]
$2500
B.C. Wildlife Federation:
– For the publication of a booklet promoting the establishment of provincially protected " wild rivers ", which were "to be preserved in their natural, free-flowing state." [132] [133]
$1850
Ecology Action Centre of Halifax, Nova Scotia :
– For its representations to governments and public information campaigns regarding recycling, public transit, large-scale energy projects (off-shore oil drilling, oil refinery on the Strait of Canso, proposed nuclear reactor), and the provincial Environmental Protection Act. [134]
$2500
Calgary Boy Scouts :
– For the production and distribution to other scout groups of a booklet promoting a revised form of their traditional camping in which nature is no longer viewed as something to be conquered. [135] [136]
$2262
Centre for Environmental Law (Le Centre d'assistance juridique pour l'environnement) of the Society to Overcome Pollution (STOP) of Montréal:
– To translate two of its books into French, Environment and the Law: The Citizen's Role (as L'Environnement et la Loi) and Environment Index: Jurisprudence, Legislation, and Doctrine (as Index juridique sur l'environnement). [137] [138] [139] [140]
$2500
1974Le Centre de l'éducation sur l'environnement (Centre for Environmental Education) established by members of the Society to Overcome Pollution (STOP) of Montréal:
– To help the Centre complete the current year of teacher-training in environmental studies. [141] [142]
$2500
Alberta Wilderness Association of Calgary, Alberta:
– To supply high schools in the province with copies of its studies on the preservation and recreational use of wildlands in the Alberta Rockies. [143]
$2500
Centre écologique de Port-au-Saumon (Port-au-Saumon Ecological Centre) near the village of Saint-Fidèle-de-Mont-Murray, Quebec:
– To subsidize the free admission for visitors to guided tours of the nature trails, which included marine fauna and flora at low tide. [144] [145] [146]
$700
Nova Scotia Teachers College of Truro :
– To assist its development of a wilderness training centre comprising 600 acres of woods, fields, streams, and ponds on the bank of the Salmon River. [147]
?
Natural Recovery Systems of Moncton, New Brunswick:
– To promote its recycling system among the residents of the city. The company operated a facility where recyclable glass containers and paper products were sorted and packed following their retrieval from a number of collection depots. In 1974, it had a proposal before the city council for curbside collection. [145] [148] [149]
$2500
Panels 9 and 10 of the Canadian Committee for the International Biological Programme, at Edmonton, Alberta:
– To promote the Committee's proposal to create protected ecological reserves in Canada's Arctic (August, $1500), and for the reprinting of its information booklet Arctic Ecological Reserves (September, $1500). [150] [151] [152]
$3000
James Kevin O'Neil, graduate student at Macdonald College, Montréal:
– In support of his research into the "activity of small mammals in a woodland community." [151]
$200
Citizens United to Restore our Environment (CURE) of Brockville, Ontario :
– To support their symposium for area municipalities and residents to discuss the problems of solid waste disposal and the implementation of recycling. [153]
$2000
Raptor Research Centre at Macdonald College, Montréal:
– In support of its program to revive birds of prey in areas from which they have been driven out by humans. [154] [155]
$2500
1975Project Jonah Canada (formed December 1972 by Farley Mowat):
– For its work in preventing the killing of whales and other cetaceans. (January 1975 for 1974 program.) [60] [156] [157] [158]
$2500
Dr. Michel Famelart and students of Université de Montréal  :
– For a feasibility study to extend protected parkland status to all of the isolated mountains of the Monteregian Hills from the City of Montréal towards the City of Sherbrooke. This status would allow for the future establishment of a series of recreational trails on and between the mountains. (January 1975 for 1974 program.) [60] [156] [159]
$2500
Katherine (Kay) and Larry McKeever in the Vineland community of Lincoln, Ontario:
– For their care and rehabilitation of injured birds of prey, especially owls. [160] [161]
$2500
Yukon Conservation Society:
– For the publication of its illustrated newsletter about Yukon wildlife and related matters. [162]
$500
Pollution Probe - Ottawa:
– To support their protest against recent Ontario legislation that did not impose a ban on all non-returnable soft-drink containers. An information caravan toured twelve centres in the central and eastern parts of the province, and public information campaigns were conducted elsewhere with the assistance of local groups. [163] [164] [165] [166]
$2500
Kindness Club of Fredericton, New Brunswick:
– To publish in French the club's Golden Rules of Conservation. The focus of the group was the education of children in the humane treatment of animals. [167] [168]
$500
British Columbia Environmental Law Centre:
– For its efforts to educate the public on their environmental rights, to advise people of the legal remedies available, and to reform environmental law. [169]
$2500
Comité pour la défense de la Baie James (James Bay Defence Committee) of Montréal:
– To enable it to research the socio-ecological effects of a proposed uranium enrichment plant in the James Bay region and to publish the results for the information of the general public. [170] [171]
$2500
John Devlin of Halifax, Nova Scotia :
– To permit him to research and confirm the historical rights of the City's inhabitants to access the ocean via certain designated plots of land. [172]
$2300
Gordon Edwards, editor (since 1970) of the ecology magazine Survival (house organ of the Survival movement) and co-founder (1975) of the Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility :
– For the production and free extended distribution of special issues of Survival concerning nuclear energy. [173] [174] [175]
?
Saskatoon Environmental Society :
– For the publishing of its Environment Probe magazine to promote public awareness of, and action on, environmental issues. [176] [177] [178]
$2000
Natural Recovery Systems of Moncton, New Brunswick:
– To assist its information campaign regarding its new curbside collection program for recycling glass containers in the adjacent Town of Riverview so as to increase household participation. The company had distributed a dedicated plastic pail (called a "Glass Gobbler") to each home in the community. They hoped to extend the program to Moncton itself. [179] [180] [181]
$2500
Chinook Trail Association of Calgary, Alberta:
– "To build stiles and footbridges for a new hiking trail ... from the Bearspaw Reservoir to Cochrane." [179]
$400
Canadian Nature Federation of Ottawa, Ontario:
– To defray the costs of publishing a directory of local, provincial, national, and international environmental organizations. [179]
$2500
1976Pollution Probe - Toronto:
– In support of a campaign to encourage businesses to use environmentally friendly packaging ($2500).
– for a campaign to increase public interest in renewable sources of energy ($2500). [182] [183] [184]
$5000
Tetra Media Productions (independent filmmakers and members of the Toronto Filmmakers' Co-op, which provided the post-production facilities and a contact address):
– For their short film A Matter of Choice: Nuclear Energy Ontario, which examined the negative environmental effects of the nuclear energy industry. (Director - Allan Goldstein, Producer - Jason Paikowsky) [182] [185] [186] [187] [188]
$2500
Alberta Wilderness Association (Calgary) and National and Provincial Parks Association (Edmonton Chapter):
– To publish a study entitled The Western Swan Hills : Alberta’s Forgotten Wilderness for free distribution to Alberta and federal legislators, high-school libraries, and certain high-ranking provincial officials. [189] [190]
$1250
Les Forestiers (The Foresters), a group of young naturalists at Rivière-à-Pierre in Portneuf County:
– To improve the nature trails around a local lake by constructing walkways and to encourage public use via a visitor's guide and an outdoor theatre. [191]
$400
Grants by the Imperial Tobacco Environment Program for projects, 1976
YearRecipient and Purpose(s)Amount
1976Groupe d'étude de l'autoroute 73 (Highway 73 Study Group):
– To publish an illustrated pamphlet regarding the environmental damage being done during the construction of the highway through the municipality of Notre-Dame-des-Laurentides  [ fr ], immediately north of Québec City. [192]
$500
Pollution Probe - Ottawa:
– To help fund the Community Museum of Energy Conservation at the National Museum of Science and Technology. The project featured means of reducing energy consumption as well as the use of heat pumps and renewable sources, such as solar, wind, greenhouses, and heat pumps. [193] [194] [195]
$2500
Canadian Environmental Law Association of Toronto:
– To develop a draft by-law for municipalities for the protection of trees, to produce a promotional information pamphlet on the matter, and to support other actions for the preservation of urban green-spaces. [196]
$2500
Group to Arrest Dryden-Minamata Disease, comprising residents of the native communities on the lower English and Wabigoon rivers in Northwestern Ontario :
– To sponsor a cross-Canada information tour on the effects of mercury pollution and poisoning. [193] [197]
$2500
Comité des Citoyens du Quartier Saint-Sauveur (Saint-Sauveur Neighbourhood Citizens' Committee) of Québec City:
– To permit them to continue their efforts to reduce local noise and air pollution by closing a transit bus garage in the disadvantaged community of the Lower Town of the City. [198]
$2500
Victoria Community Video Services Society:
– To produce a video highlighting the problems associated with the waterways traversing the City of Victoria, British Columbia, to educate the public and enable their intervention to avoid such problems in future planning. [199]
$2500

Awards Committee members

Committee independence causes
embarrassment to Imasco Ltd.
" Imasco Ltd. [parent company of Imperial Tobacco] of Montreal found itself in the uncomfortable position in 1974 of favoring the James Bay power project while supplying funds to its opponents. ...

Its James Bay dilemma came about through its financial support of the White Owl Conservation Awards program. The awards are administered by an independent committee, which on two occasions gave money money to opponents of the James Bay development, including the James Bay Inuit Association. The brief goes on to quote Imasco vice-president of public relations, Norman Dann:

' I got two phone calls from guys who are friends of mine, saying what the hell are giving money to them for? Well, I said, I grant you it's a bit embarrassing, but the fact is that we support the James Bay project and we also support people in their right to protest against it.'

Mr. Dann said that if Imasco itself had been making the decision, ' maybe we wouldn't have ... the thing is we gave the committee autonomy and they used it.'"
— Edward Clifford,"Imasco contends diversification has produced public benefits", The Globe and Mail (Toronto), Nov 8, 1975, page B2 (online p. 18).

The White Owl Conservation Awards Committee, which decided upon the award winners and grant recipients, consisted of prominent Canadians, many of whom were associated with the environmental movement. In 1968, the committee comprised only three members, all of whom were members of the Outdoor Writers of Canada (OWC). In subsequent years, the committee membership increased in number and encompassed a greater range of individuals. The committee was independent of the sponsors of the program, and its membership varied from year to year. [64] [200] [201] [202]

The members of the Awards Committee for selected years are given below:

1968  [65] [200]

1970  [206] [201]

– prominent personal advocacy, [208] [209]
– government sponsorship of a major campaign to divert youth from smoking, [208] [210] and
– support for a ban on television advertising of cigarettes. [208] [211]
She was described in 1964 as "Canada's most celebrated non-smoker ". [212]

1973  [64] [215]

1975  [202]

Termination of program

"White Owl withdraws from
environmental program"
" Having found out it was as welcome as a skunk at a garden party, ants at a picnic or, say, a White Owl cigar smoker at a meeting of SPEC, Imperial Tobacco Ltd. is saying farewell to the environmental movement. ...

Imperial began its environmental awards program in 1968 with annual ' White Owl Conservation Awards ' of $5,000 each. ... This year the name was changed to Imperial Tobacco Environmental Program.

' It is not really a contradiction in terms. The amount of pollution generated by tobacco products is ridiculously small,' [Michel ] Descoteaux [of Imperial Tobacco] said. 'And Imperial has always been very pollution conscious, insisting that all of its industrial operations are careful of the environment.' ...

A letter explaining its withdrawal from the program says:

' Imperial Tobacco has determined that its involvement in an environmental program sometimes lends to interpretations of its motives which tend to make it a somewhat unpleasant if not altogether counterproductive association.'

The dropping of the name White Owl from the program didn't seem to help.

' The recent change of name has precipitated some reactions which indicate that our continued sponsorship is fraught with the constant possibility of misunderstanding and embarrassment for all concerned.'

Gallon [1976 individual award co-winner] said he is sorry to see the awards program cancelled. ...' Smoking is as bad a pollutant or contaminant around,' said Gallon, ' but we'll take money from any company around.'

Gallon said he doesn't smoke and smoking is not allowed at SPEC meetings. SPEC [a 1970 grant recipient] actively supports the anti-smoking programs of the Canadian Cancer Society and other organizations.'"
— Douglas Sagi,Vancouver Sun, Dec 11, 1976, p. 51.
"La compagnie Imperial Tobacco s'est sans doute rendu compte du ridicule dans lequel elle se trouvait en subventionnant ces dernières années des programmes contre la pollution. Le tabac étant lui-même un agent de pollution parmi les plus dangereux. Elle a donc mis un terme à ses subventions."
[Translation]
Imperial Tobacco has no doubt realized how ridiculous it has been in subsidizing anti-pollution programs in recent years. Tobacco is itself one of the most dangerous agents of pollution. It has therefore put an end to its subsidies.
— Agatha Lassauce, "La Jasette", La Patrie (Montréal), Dec 25, 1976, p. 9.

By 1976, Imperial Tobacco was being challenged over its sponsorship of the White Owl awards and grants. These objections led to the termination of the honours and monies at the end of that year. The company's support for an environmental program was regarded as incompatible with the pollution created by tobacco smoking. [225] [226] [227]

Explanatory notes

  1. ↑ The official names in English of the cities of Montréal and Québec include the accented "é ". This rule applies to all diacritics (accents and other marks) in the names of all inhabited places in Canada, e.g., City of Saint-Jérôme, Village of Saint-Noël, Municipality of Saint-François-de-l'Île-d'Orléans. The official name in English of the Province of Quebec does not include the accent. [1]
  2. ↑ R.B. Alexander was born in 1915 in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. [2]
  3. ↑ The General Cigar Company Limited at Montréal was incorporated federally on April 10, 1920. In 1921, the principal shareholder in General Cigar offered a controlling interest in the company to the Imperial Tobacco Company of Canada. This cash purchase was approved by Imperial's shareholders on July 7, and was completed by the September 30 end of its fiscal year. [3] [4] [5] [6]
    General Cigar remained a direct subsidiary through 1968. In January 1969, it was placed under Imperial Tobacco Products Ltd. in one of the three new operating divisions of a reorganized Imperial Tobacco Company of Canada. To avoid confusion, the latter company was renamed Imasco Limited (from Imperial Associated Companies) in September 1970. [7] [8] [9] [10]
  4. ↑ During 1973–1975, the administration, operations, and equipment of General Cigar were transferred in stages into the facilities of Imperial Tobacco Products Limited. A new cigar company, General Cigar Company (1974) Limited, was incorporated October 7, 1974, at the new location. The federal charter of incorporation for the original General Cigar Company was surrendered in 1976, and cancelled March 1977. The "(1974)" in the name of the second cigar company was deleted in July 1979. [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27]
  5. ↑ "Outdoor Writers of Canada" was the name in English of the organization since its formation in March 1957 and incorporation in November 1962. [32] [33] [34] [35] However, newspapers also referred to the group as "Canadian Outdoor Writers Association" [36] and "Outdoor Writers Association of Canada". [37]
  6. ↑ School students, 4-H clubs, Junior Farmers, Junior Conservationists, Girl Guides, etc.
  7. ↑ "Soil and forest conservation, recreation, agriculture, flood control, weather, fish and wildlife."
  8. ↑ Federal Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development
  9. ↑ In John R. Heron's 1969 history of the Royal Bank of Canada, the Bank wrote:
    • "Author John R. Heron, 72, has for 26 years – more than a quarter of the century he describes – been the writer, editor, and creative spirit behind the much-acclaimed Royal Bank Monthly Letter.
      A former newspaperman and associate editor of the Toronto Star Weekly, Mr. Heron thinks of himself as neither banker nor economist, but as teacher. In this role, his thoughtful, classical essays on an astonishing array of topics have stimulated, amused, informed, and inspired hundreds of thousands of readers not only in Canada but around the globe." [66]
    • In 1993, historian Duncan McDowall wrote:
      "Heron produced the Monthly Letter with elegant simplicity. The letter became a four-page essay, unsigned, unillustrated, and devoid of advertising. His themes were simple:'The Public Library,''Growing Old Successfully,' or 'Conservation of Soil.' The prose was beautifully crafted and unpretentious." [67]
    • John Rutherford Heron retired from the Royal Bank Monthly Letter (as it was commonly known) after its December 1975 issue just before his 79th birthday. [68] [69] The history and impact of the publication are discussed in a 2020 book by Sandra L. Braun. [70]
  10. ↑ Searchable online archive of the Monthly Letter : "RBC Letter Collection (1943–2008)", Royal Bank of Canada, www.rbc.com (Accessed Jan 27, 2026.)
  11. ↑ Senator for Saurel Division, Quebec, founder (1967) and Chair of World Wildlife Fund Canada. [74] [75] [76]
  12. ↑ Quebec Minister of State responsible for the environment
  13. ↑ Senator for Inkerman Division, Quebec
  14. ↑ Federal Minister of the Environment
  15. ↑ Ontario Minister of the Environment
  16. ↑ The initial purpose of the newly formed Conseil québécois de l'environnement was to co-ordinate conservation information, publicity, and activities among Quebec businesses, industries, and citizen-led conservation organizations. However, due to the dominance of corporations on the Council, it was immediately boycotted by the principal conservation groups in the province and evolved into an advisory committee of scientists and engineers. [102] [103] [104] [105]
  17. ↑ Robert Alexander, President of General Cigar Co. and founder of the White Owl Conservation Awards, was personally involved in the promotion of the Anti-Pollution Conference. [106]
  18. ↑ The Canadian Association on Human Environment surrendered its charter in 1974 and was dissolved September 1975. [107] [108]

Citations

  1. ↑ Canada, Resources of the Language Portal of Canada, Writing Tips Plus, "Montréal, Montréaler, Montrealer" ; "Québec (city)" ; "Geographical names: types and composition" ; "Quebec, Que., QC". (Accessed Jan 23, 2026.)
  2. 1 2 Robert Wilson, "Stirring the polluted mud", Montreal Star, Jan 6, 1970, p. 19. (Includes photo of R.B. Alexander with the White Owl trophy.)
  3. ↑ "General Cigar Company Limited", Canada Gazette, Apr 17, 1920, Vol. 53, No. 42, pp. 3533–3534.
  4. ↑ "Imperial Tobacco Co. of Canada, Ltd,", The Commercial and Financial Chronicle (New York City), Jul 16, 1921, Vol. 113, Whole No. 2925, p. 298; "Imperial Tobacco Co. of Canada. Ltd.", Dec 10, 1921, Vol. 113, Whole No. 2946, p. 2502. (Accessed Jan 21, 2026.)
  5. ↑ "Banking and Finance: Imperial Tobacco Co. of Canada", Canada (London, England), Jul 2, 1921, Vol. 63, Whole No. 808, p. 27; "Imp. Tobacco Co. Buys Brands of British Concern", The Financial Times (Montréal), Aug 20, 1921, p. 4. (Accessed Jan 21, 2026.)
  6. ↑ General Cigar and Imperial Tobacco Advertisement for White Owl Cigars, London Advertiser, (London, Ontario), Apr 20, 1922, p. 6; Lindsay Daily Post, (Lindsay, Ontario), Apr 24, 1922, p. 5. (Accessed Jan 21, 2026.)
  7. ↑ Imperial Tobacco Company of Canada, Annual Report 1968, p. 7; Annual Report 1969, pp. 10-12, 23. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  8. 1 2 3 Imasco Limited, Annual Report 1970, p. 11. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  9. 1 2 Canada Gazette, Part I, Oct 24, 1970, Vol. 104, No. 43, p. 2525, Item 46.
  10. ↑ "Imperial Tobacco now Imasco", The Toronto Star, Sep 17, 1970, p. 17.
  11. 1 2 3 Carol Pascoe (Canadian Press), "Conservationists' view: Anti-pollution action growing in business", The Gazette (Montréal), May 24, 1971, p. 7. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.); "White Owl Awards: People want pollution stopped not advertisement – cigar head", Brandon Sun, May 25, 1971, p. 5. (This article was widely reproduced in Canadian newspapers.)
  12. ↑ "Nomination General Cigar", La Presse (Montréal), Apr 3, 1969, p. 16. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.); "General Cigar Appointment", The Toronto Star, Apr 7, 1969, p. 14.
  13. ↑ "Carrefour par Tek: Tout le monde... y passe", Montréal-matin, Sep 18, 1967, p. 5. (Final news item in the column.) (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  14. ↑ Advertisements for White Owl Cigars in The Canadian magazine included with a weekend edition of a number of Canadian newspapers, including The Gazette (Montréal), Nov 11, 1967, pp. 16 & 17.
  15. ↑ "Activités de la General Cigar Co.: Emballages maintenant différents", Le Devoir (Montréal), Aug 17, 1968, p. 14. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  16. ↑ "Cigar Chief Quits for Job in Victoria", Victoria Daily Times, May 4, 1971, p. 35 (online p. 38 or 39). (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  17. ↑ "Old tobacco shop closes doors", The Province (Vancouver), Feb 27, 1971, p. 21.
  18. ↑ "On & Off the Record: ... 'Old Sweats' hold annual reunion", The Gazette (Montréal), Apr 27, 1971, p. 4. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  19. ↑ "Edmond Ricard nommé président de l'Impérial Tobacco", L'Action-Québec, Feb 24, 1972, p. 17. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.); "President of Imasco unit named", The Gazette (Montréal), Feb 23, 1972, p. 28. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  20. ↑ Imasco Limited, Annual Report 1971, p. 12; "Annual Report 1972", p. 4. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  21. ↑ "Edmond Ricard", Biographies canadiennes-françaises et Who's Who in Québec, 23e édition, 1972–1973, Montréal, 1971 (2e trimestre/Second Quarter), pp. 550–551. (Accessed Jan 14, 2026.)
  22. ↑ "General Cigar ferme son usine de la rue Holt" (General Cigar closing its Holt Street factory), Les Affairs (Montréal), Jul 2, 1973, pp. 2 & 19. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  23. ↑ "General Cigar", Montreal Star, Jul 3, 1973, p. B6 (online p. 27).
  24. ↑ Notice of incorporation of General Cigar Company (1974) Limited. Canada Gazette, Part I, Nov 30, 1974, Vol. 108, No. 48, p. 4508.
  25. ↑ Imasco Limited, "Annual Report 1972", p. 4; "Annual Report 1973", pp. 14 & 28; "Annual Report 1975", pp. 6 & 12; "Annual Report 1976", pp. 4 & 6. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  26. ↑ "Notice of Application for leave to Surrender Charter: General Cigar Company Limited", Feb 25, 1976, The Gazette (Montréal), Mar 2, 1976, p. 32. (Also published in The Canada Gazette, Part I, Mar 13, 1976, Vol. 110, No. 11, p. 1255.)
  27. ↑ Canada, Corporation No. 044170–8: "General Cigar Company Limited", incorporated Apr 10, 1920, dissolved Mar 3, 1977. Corporation No. 090229–2: "General Cigar Company Limited", incorporated Oct 7, 1974, dissolved Dec 31, 2013. (Accessed Jan 19, 2025.)
  28. ↑ "Bulletin board", Edmonton Journal, Aug 21, 1972, p. 3.
  29. ↑ Wilf Taylor, "Life in the Outdoors: CWF wins conservation award", Moncton Transcript, Feb 17, 1973, p. 8. (Re: Presentation of previous November.)
  30. 1 2 3 4 "White Owl Conservation Awards: A development story", 1973. Dalhousie University Archives, Ecology Action Centre fonds, MS-11-13, Box 31, Folder 5, Imperial Tobacco Environment Program White Owl Conservation Awards. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  31. ↑ Canada Gazette, Part I, Dec 14, 1974, Vol. 108, No. 50, p. 4684, Item 77.
  32. ↑ Reg. R. Fife, "Outdoors", Kingston Whig-Standard, Mar 28, 1957, p. 14.
  33. ↑ Canada, Corporation No. 055233-0, "Professional Outdoor Media Association of Canada", incorporated Nov 26, 1962, as "Outdoor Writers of Canada" and "Chroniqueurs de la vie au grand air du Canada".
  34. ↑ Canada Gazette, Part I, Jan 5, 1963, Vol. 91, No. 1, p. 24.
  35. 1 2 Tom Sarsfield, "Improved sportmen's show setting records", Ottawa Citizen, Mar 11, 1968, p. 13.
  36. 1 2 "Cigar Co. Inaugurates $5,000 Conservation Award", Alberni Valley Times (Port Alberni, BC), Mar 27, 1968, p. 33. (Includes image of trophy.)
  37. 1 2 3 "Conservation competition for $5,000 is announced", The Gazette (Montréal), Jul 24, 1969, p. 37. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  38. 1 2 Jean Pagé, "Canne et fusil: Prix de 'conservation' de $5,000", Montréal-matin, Mar 15, 1968, p. 52. (Includes image of trophy.) (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  39. ↑ "Judging Begins for Conservation Award", St. Maurice Valley Chronicle (Trois-Rivières, Quebec), Nov 28, 1968, p. 5. (Accessed Jan 27, 2026.)
  40. 1 2 3 "First winner of conservation prize", Weston Times, Dec 27, 1968, p. 5. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  41. 1 2 "Conservation Award Committee Named", Alberni Valley Times (Port Alberni, B.C.), Mar 11, 1970, p. 2; Len Shippey, "The Revolving Scene", Montreal Star, Mar 5, 1970, p. 15.
  42. 1 2 3 "La protection de l’environnement peut vous apporter $10,000.00", Le Bulletin de Buckingham, Mar 11, 1971, p. 2. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  43. 1 2 "$10,000 Conservation Award Available", The Grand River Sachem (Caledonia, Ontario), Mar 3, 1971, p. 2.
  44. 1 2 3 "Un trophée et $10,000: Le prix de conservation donné à Tony LeSauteur", Le Devoir (Montréal), Nov 4, 1971, p. 13. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  45. 1 2 "City man wins ecology award", The Gazette (Montréal), Nov 4, 1971, p. 3.
  46. 1 2 "Ecologist LeSauteur awarded $10,000", Montreal Star, Nov 3, 1971, p. 3.
  47. 1 2 Don Thomas, "Herald Outdoors: ... The White Owl ...", Calgary Herald, Feb 26, 1971, p. 33.
  48. 1 2 "Deux prix de conservation White Owl", Le Devoir (Montréal), Mar 18, 1972, p. 24. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  49. 1 2 3 "Mon oeil sur Montréal: Encouragement à la conservation", La Presse (Montréal), Feb 10, 1975, p. A9. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  50. 1 2 Suesan Alves, "Telespot Competition", Lambda (Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario), Feb 17, 1971, Vol. 9, No. 17, p. 11. (Incorrectly dated online as Feb 7, 1971.) (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  51. ↑ "Message primé sur la pollution", Le Droit (Ottawa), Nov 13, 1971, 'Cahier' 4 : 'Horaire de télévision et de radio', p. 24 (online p. 25). (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  52. 1 2 3 "Westerners win TV spot awards", The Province (Vancouver), Aug 31, 1972, p. 4.
  53. 1 2 "Grants Offered", Red Deer Advocate, Apr 28, 1970, p. 9; "Conservation Funds Now Available for Projects", St. Catharines Standard, Apr 25, 1970, p. 29.
  54. ↑ "Le prix 'conservation'", Le Devoir (Montréal), Oct 30, 1970, p. 17. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  55. ↑ Imasco Limited, Annual Report 1971, p. 6. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  56. ↑ "La Fédération canadienne de la faune: Gagnants des prix de conservation ...: D'autres subventions", Montréal-matin, Nov 25, 1972, p. 35. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  57. ↑ Don Thomas, "Herald Outdoors: ... The White Owl ... ", Calgary Herald, Feb 26, 1971, p. 33.
  58. 1 2 "Mon oeil sur Montréal: Environnement: un prix de $10,000", La Presse (Montréal), May 1, 1974, p. F6. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  59. ↑ White Owl Conservation Awards: 1974 (information circular issued by the Awards Committee), Trent University Archives (Peterborough, Ontario), Alternatives fond, Accession No. 88-024, Box 013, File 29, "White Owl Conservation Award, 1972–1976". (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  60. 1 2 3 White Owl Conservation Committee, News, Jan 21, 1975, Vol. 1, No. 10. Trent University Archives (Peterborough, Ontario), Alternatives fond, Accession No. 88–024, Box 013, File 29, "White Owl Conservation Award, 1972–1976". (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  61. 1 2 "Mon oeil sur Montréal: Programme Imperial Tobacco", La Presse (Montréal), Mar 12, 1976, p. D2. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  62. 1 2 Imasco Limited, Annual Report 1976 (to March 31), p. 6. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  63. ↑ Imperial Tobacco, "Special Bulletin: The Imperial Tobacco Environment Program – the same program under a new name", March 10, 1976. Dalhousie University Archives, Ecology Action Centre fonds, MS-11-13, Box 31, Folder 5, Imperial Tobacco Environment Program (White Owl Conservation Awards. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  64. 1 2 3 "Aide financière offerte à la conservation", L'Horizon (online as Le Courrier de Berthier) (Joliette, Quebec), May 30, 1973, p. 16. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  65. 1 2 "Albion Hills: Popular and educational", Etobicoke Advertiser-Guardian (online as Etobicoke Guardian), Dec 19, 1968, p. 12.
  66. ↑ John R. Heron. The First Hundred Years: The Royal Bank of Canada. Montréal: Royal Bank of Canada, 1969, "A note on the Author", p. 20. (Accessed Jan 28, 2026.)
  67. ↑ Duncan McDowall. Quick to the Frontier: Canada's Royal Bank. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1993, p. 306. (PDF provided by Royal Bank of Canada, www.rbc.com . Accessed Jan 28, 2026.)
  68. ↑ Royal Bank of Canada, "Author, John Heron Retires", Monthly Letter, Dec 1975, Vol. 56, No. 12. (Accessed Jan 28, 2026.)
  69. ↑ Royal Bank of Canada, "Monthly Letter Author Retires", Annual Report 1975, pp. 25–26. (Accessed Jan 27, 2026.)
  70. ↑ Sandra L. Braun. Public Relations as Public Diplomacy: The Royal Bank of Canada’s Monthly Letter, 1943-2003. London, UK: Routledge, 2020. (Abstract accessed Jan 27, 2026.)
  71. ↑ "Remise du prix White Owl", Montréal-matin, Dec 11, 1969, p. 16. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  72. ↑ "B.C. Wildlife Federation Shares Conservation Prize", Alberni Valley Times (Port Alberni, B.C.), Nov 10, 1969, p. 15.
  73. ↑ Michael Ballantyne, "Clean up pollution, or die! expert warns", Montreal Star, Nov 26, 1969, p. 94.
  74. ↑ "Accepts Post on Wildlife Foundation" (and photo caption), The Gazette (Montréal), May 25, 1967, p. 27. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  75. ↑ Canada Gazette, Part I, Jun 10, 1967, Vol. 101, No. 23, p. 1601, Item 19.
  76. ↑ "Macnaughton, Hon. Alan Aylesworth", The International Who's Who, 1969-70. (33rd edition.) London, UK: Europa Publications Ltd., 1969, p. 945. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  77. ↑ "Toronto's Pollution Probe wins $5,000 cigar firm prize", The Toronto Star (All Star edition), Oct 28, 1970, p. 3 (online p. 37).
  78. ↑ "Le prix 'Conservation' White Owl va au group 'Pollution Probe' de Toronto", La Presse (Montréal), Oct 29, 1970, p. C2. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  79. ↑ Paul Grescoe, "Good News: You've heard a lot about the people who are killing Canada. Here are some who are trying to save it", Canadian Magazine supplement, p. 13, to The Spectator (Hamilton, Ontario), Nov 21, 1970, p. 97 online.
  80. ↑ "Le Prix de Conservation White Owl à la Fédération canadienne de la faune", La Presse (Montréal), Nov 28, 1972, p. G13. (Accessed Nov 28, 2025.)
  81. ↑ "Alaska pipeline fight renewed", Vancouver Sun, Jan 31, 1972, p. 9.
  82. 1 2 3 "Montreal professor wins $10,000 conservation prize", Windsor Star (Ontario), Nov 24, 1972, p. 28. (Accessed Nov 28, 2025.)
  83. ↑ "White Owl awards presented", Montreal Star, Nov 24, 1972, p. D3 (online p. 31).
  84. ↑ "Canadian D-Day perspective: Barris views 'strategic gamble' ...", Star-Phoenix (Saskatoon), Jun 5, 2004, p. E4 (online p. 52). (Accessed Nov 28, 2025.)
  85. ↑ "Ted Barris". The Writers' Union of Canada. (Accessed Nov 28, 2025.)
  86. ↑ "Un groupe de 800 jeunes a sauvé un sanctuaire naturel de la destruction", La Presse (Montréal), Nov 17, 1973, p. B2. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  87. ↑ Gillian Cosgrove, "What better way to learn? And a $5,000 prize to boot", The Gazette (Montréal), Nov 13, 1973, p. 3. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  88. ↑ " 'Ban DDT or I may sue you,' U of T teacher tells province," Toronto Star, Sep 13, 1969, pp. 1 & 6.
  89. ↑ "Give them a cigar! Group that sends smokers to the back of the room wins tobacco firm's environment prize", The Globe and Mail (Toronto), Dec 7, 1974, p. 5.
  90. ↑ "Les prix White Owl", Le Devoir (Montréal), Dec 7, 1974, p. 7. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  91. ↑ "After a Fashion: A bet on trash", The Globe and Mail (Toronto), Nov 25, 1975, p. 15.
  92. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: Le prix de conservation", La Presse, Dec 1, 1975, p. C2. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  93. ↑ Douglas Sagi, "White Owl withdraws from environmental program", Vancouver Sun, Dec 11, 1976, p. 51.
  94. ↑ "Environnement: Imperial Tobacco met un terme à son programme de subventions", La Presse (Montréal), Dec 15, 1976, p. E20. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  95. ↑ "Toronto team wins environment prize", The Gazette (Montréal), Dec 14, 1976, p. 22. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  96. ↑ "Programme Imperial Tobacco", La Presse (Montréal), Mar 12, 1976, p. D2. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  97. ↑ Scientific Pollution and Environmental Control Society. The 'Crude' Crisis. Vancouver, 1972; Oliva Scott, "Oil tanker ports bring risk, no gain", The Martlet (University of Victoria Student Union, British Columbia), Feb 10, 1977, Vol. 16, No. 23, pp. 3 & 19. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  98. ↑ Douglas H. Pimlott, "Offshore drilling: The moment of truth for Canada's Arctic", The Toronto Star, Feb 10, 1976, p. B4 (online p. 20); "Drilling in sea is too risky ecologist says", Jan 29, 1976, p. B8 (online p. 30); "Biologist's forecast: Only Arctic disaster will curb oil drilling", Nov 30, 1976, p. A15.
  99. ↑ "White Owl Award Announced", Alberni Valley Times (Port Alberni, BC), Jun 1, 1970, p. 7.
  100. ↑ "White Owl Conservation Award", Alberni Valley Times (Port Alberni, BC), Aug 26, 1970, p. 2.
  101. 1 2 "Octrois White Owl à des organismes québécois, La Presse (Montréal), Oct 20, 1970, p. C18. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  102. ↑ "Pollution groups disown council which claimed to represent them", The Gazette (Montréal), Nov 4, 1970, p. 10. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  103. ↑ "Le Conseil de l'environnement compte des adversaires a vant même d'avoir des membres", Le Devoir (Montréal), Nov 4, 1970, p. 6. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  104. ↑ "Environment watchdog body formed", Montreal Star, Nov 9. 1970, p. 10.
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  106. 1 2 Peter Cooke, "Pollution fighters plan super-group", The Gazette (Montréal), Jul 23, 1970, p. 3. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  107. ↑ "Notice: The Canadian Association on Human Environment", The Citizen (Ottawa), Mar 27, 1974, p. 55; Also published in Canada Gazette, Part I, Apr 6, 1974, Vol. 108, No. 14, p. 1190.
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  113. ↑ Canada Gazette, Part I, May 16, 1970, Vol. 104, No. 20, p. 1174.
  114. ↑ "Prix de conservation", La Presse (Montréal), Apr 27, 1971, p. D6. (Report notes that it was the first grant of 1971.) (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  115. ↑ "Park group aided", Kitchener-Waterloo Record (online as Waterloo Region Record), Apr 14, 1971, p. 25.
  116. ↑ "Une bourse de $2,500 à un ardent promoteur de la conservation", Montréal-matin, Jun 13, 1971, p. 58. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  117. ↑ "Professor gets grant to study environment", The Toronto Star, Jun 15, 1971, p. 26.
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  119. ↑ "Grant restores wild rice area near Kenora", Carillon News (Steinbach, Manitoba), Sep 22, 1971, Sec. 3, p. 1 (online p. 25).
  120. ↑ "N.W.T. councillor rebuffs south over ecology", Edmonton Journal Jun 26, 1971, p. 18.
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  122. ↑ "Canadian Artic [ sic ] Resources Comm. awarded $2,500", L'Avenir (and Sept-Îles Journal) (Sept-Îles, Quebec), Dec 28, 1971, p. 19. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  123. ↑ Michael Lait, "Preserving Ottawa's Metropolitan Nature: How the 1970 Gatineau Park Planning Controversy Transformed ...", Canadian Journal of Urban Research, Summer 2016, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 63–79.
  124. ↑ "Murray Schafer gets $2,125 grant", The Toronto Star. Jul 6, 1972, p. 33.
  125. ↑ "To open law advisory office at Sudbury", North Bay Nugget, May 4, 1972, p. 25.
  126. ↑ "Conservation grant", Weston-York Times, Sep 7, 1972, p. 11. (Accessed Nov 27, 2025.)
  127. ↑ "Lake Superior taskforce: Logging ruining park government warned", The Toronto Star, Jul 7, 1970, p. 20.
  128. ↑ "500 attacks on logging in parks", The Toronto Star, Nov 4, 1970, p. 30.
  129. ↑ George Warecki, "Environmental Coalitions and the Limits of Science: Wilderness Advocacy in Ontario during the 1970s", Ontario History, Spring 2017, Vol. 109, No. 1, pp. 60–88. (Accessed Nov 27, 2025.)
  130. ↑ "La Société de sociologie donne raison aux Indiens", Le Droit (Ottawa), Jan 26, 1973, p. 15. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  131. ↑ "Subvention pour la défense de la Baie James", La Presse (Montréal), Feb 10, 1973, p. B3. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  132. ↑ "Wildlife group urges system of wild rivers", The Victoria Express, Feb 28, 1974, p. 8. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  133. ↑ Stewart Lang, "Little 'Lost' Lobster in Red Snapper's Mouth" (see fourth item in list), Victoria Times, May 11, 1973, p. 15. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  134. ↑ White Owl Conservation Awards Committee, News Release: "Halifax Group Receives $2,500 Grant", Jun 21, 1973. Dalhousie University Archives, Ecology Action Centre fonds, MS-11-13, Box 31, Folder 5, Imperial Tobacco Environment Program (White Owl Conservation Awards. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  135. ↑ "Calgary Scouts granted $2,262", Calgary Herald, Sep 15, 1973, p. 8; "Scouts receive conservation grant", Sep 19, 1973, p. 54; John Hopkins, "Winding Up", Sep 27, 1973, p. 55. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  136. ↑ "A new approach to camping for Calgary Boy Scouts", The Wood Duck (Hamiton Naturalists' Club), Sep 1974, Vol. 28, No. 1, p. 12. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  137. ↑ "Grâce au Prix White Owl: Deux communications sur l'environnement en français", Montréal-matin, Dec 20, 1973, p. 67. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  138. ↑ Cynthia Gunn, "STOP misses out on $60,000 grant", Montreal Star, Jan 8, 1974, p. 3.
  139. ↑ "Nominations annoncées par Goldbloom" La Presse (Montréal), Nov 16, 1973, p. D11. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  140. ↑ Alternatives, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Laws, Statutes, Treaties, and Oceans (Bibliography No. 9), p. 5. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  141. ↑ "Les potins de la curieuse", Montréal-matin, Apr 15, 1974, p. 18 (online p. 20). (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  142. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: ... Education sur l'environnement", La Presse (Montréal), Apr 27, 1974, p. H2. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  143. ↑ White Owl Conservation Awards, "Efforts to Protect Wilderness Get White Owl Support", News, May 1974, Vol. 1, No. 3. Trent University Archives, Peterborough, Ontario, Accession No. 88-024, Box 013, File 29, "White Owl Conservation Award, 1972–1976". (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  144. ↑ "Au fil des loisirs: ... Un centre à visiter", La Presse (Montréal), Jun 28, 1974, p. A12. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  145. 1 2 Gilles Richard, "Le prix de conservation White Hall [ sic ]: initiative louable de Imperial Tobacco", Le Jour (Ville Saint-Laurent, Montréal), Jul 18, 1974, p. 13. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  146. ↑ "Échos touristiques", Le Devoir (Montréal), Aug 1, 1974, p. 10. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  147. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: Environnement formateur", La Presse (Montréal), Jul 24, 1974, p. F2. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  148. ↑ "Natural Recovery Systems get $2,500 to Promote Recycling", Moncton Transcript, Jul 17, 1974, p. 25; Advertisement: "National Recovery Systems Inc."; May 21, 1974, p. 15; "Council Co-Operation Desirable", May 25, 1974, p. 4; "More Civic Foot-Dragging", Jul 22, 1974, p. 4.
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  150. ↑ Don Thomas, "Arctic preservation supported", Edmonton Journal, Aug, 21, 1974, p. 3.
  151. 1 2 "Second grant to encourage Arctic reserves", Dauphin Herald (Manitoba), Sep 18, 1974, p. 19.
  152. ↑ "Grant to Encourage Arctic Reserves", The Canadian Field-Naturalist, Oct-Dec 1974, Vol. 88, No. 4, p. 518. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  153. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: Le problème des déchets", La Presse (Montréal), Oct 25, 1974, p. B9. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  154. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: ... Protection des oiseaux", La Presse (Montréal), Nov 14, 1974, p. D14. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  155. ↑ "In This Issue", The Macdonald Journal (Macdonald College, Quebec), Jan 1975, Vol. 36, No. 1, p. 1. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  156. 1 2 "White Owl Grants", The Canadian Field-Naturalist, Apr-Jun 1975, Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 191–192. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  157. ↑ "Whales have a saviour", Dauphin Herald (Manitoba), Jan 29, 1975, p. 11.
  158. ↑ "Project Jonah will give Canadians a chance to know whales", The Globe and Mail (Toronto), Dec 21, 1972, p. W3.
  159. ↑ "Nature trails planned", Sherbrooke Record (Quebec), Jan 23, 1975, p. 3. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  160. ↑ "Ontario couple awarded White Owl Conservation grant", The Packet (Clarenville, Newfoundland and Labrador), Mar 27, 1975, p. 43. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  161. ↑ "White Owl Grant Awarded to the McKeevers", The Wood Duck (Hamilton Naturalists' Club), Apr 1975, Vol. 28, No. 8, p. 134. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  162. ↑ "The Stoller: ... Worth Hanging on to ...", Whitehorse Star, Aug 22, 1975, p. 20.
  163. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: Protection de l'environnement", La Presse (Montréal), May 2, 1975, p. B11. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  164. ↑ "Tory refuses to defend Davis' record", The Toronto Star, Sep 9, 1975, p. A6.
  165. ↑ "White Owl Award", Burlington Gazette (Ontario), Apr 22, 1975, p. 18.
  166. ↑ "Pollution Probe - Ottawa wins White Owl support for 'Action Against Non-Returnables'", Nature Canada, Jul-Sep 1975, Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 20.
  167. ↑ Anne Ottow, "Pollution Probe", Moncton Transcript, Jun 7, 1975, p. 3.
  168. ↑ "Kindness Club Focuses on Issues for 1976", Daily Gleaner (Fredericton), Feb 4, 1976, p. 18.
  169. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: Droits en matière d'environnement", La Presse (Montréal), Jun 21, 1975, p. C3. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  170. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: ... Usine souhaitable?", La Presse (Montréal), Jun 9, 1975, p. A11. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  171. ↑ "Quebec says it could fuel Candu", The Toronto Star, Feb 10, 1975, p. A2; "CP units pull out of uranium", Jun 6, 1975, p. C9 (online p. 33).
  172. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal", La Presse (Montréal), Jul 29, 1975, p. A11. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  173. ↑ Anne Ottow, "Pollution Probe", Moncton Transcript, Aug 30, 1975, p. 2.
  174. ↑ Jane Davidson, "Survival: Group tolls knell to head-in-ground attitude", Kingston Whig-Standard, Nov 17, 1971, p. 35.
  175. ↑ Don Cayo, Canadian Press, "Sun, wind win top billing for renewable energy use", The Citizen (Ottawa), May 3, 1976, p. 51.
  176. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: Subvention White Owl", La Presse (Montréal), Aug 25, 1975, p. B2. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  177. ↑ "Conservation award", Star-Phoenix (Saskatoon), Aug 13, 1975, p. 4.
  178. 1 2 Library and Archives Canada, Aurora record for Environment Probe. (Probe magazine renamed Environment Probe with June 1975 issue.) (Accessed Jan 25, 2026).
  179. 1 2 3 "Conservation award goes for recycling", Sherbrooke Record (Quebec), Sep 11, 1975, p. 3. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  180. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: ... Subvention White Owl", La Presse (Montréal), Sep 29, 1975, p. C6. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  181. ↑ "Natural Recovery Systems Receives Conservation Grant", Moncton Transcript, Sep 11, 1975, p. 33.
  182. 1 2 "Pollution Probe gets $5,000 to examine waste and energy", Hamilton Spectator, Feb 27, 1976, p. 7.
  183. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: ... Formes d'énergie à développer", La Presse (Montréal), Mar 2, 1976, p. B2. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  184. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: ... Emballages dispendieux", La Presse (Montréal), Mar 3, 1976, p. E2. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  185. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: ... L'énergie nucléaire et l'environnement", La Presse (Montréal), Mar 22, 1976, p. A10. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  186. ↑ "Film News: ... Production", Cinema Canada, Feb 1976, Third Edition, No. 25, p. 6. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  187. ↑ Wojtek Gwiazda, "A Matter of Choice", Cinema Canada, Mar 1976, Third Edition, No. 26, p. 49. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  188. ↑ David Leach, "The Toronto Filmmakers' Co-op in High Gear", The Canadian Film Editor, Spring 1976, Vol. 3, No. 1. (Available at the Toronto Reference Library.)
  189. ↑ "Study out on Swan Hills wilderness", The Gazette (St. Albert & Sturgeon, Alberta), Apr 14, 1976, Vol. 17, No. 15, p. 18. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  190. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: ... En virac", La Presse (Montréal), Mar 9, 1976, p. D4. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  191. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: ... Subvention à des jeunes naturalistes", La Presse (Montréal), Mar 10, 1976, p. E16. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  192. ↑ "Imperial Tobacco et 'la 73' ", Le Soleil (Québec), May 20, 1976, p. A7. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  193. 1 2 Anne Ottow, "Pollution Probe", Moncton Transcript, Jun 26, 1976, p. 27.
  194. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: ... Un musée de conservation de l'énergie", La Presse (Montréal), May 20, 1976, p. C9. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  195. ↑ "Pollution Probe needs funds", The Citizen (Ottawa), Mar 27, 1976, p. 21.
  196. ↑ "Protection des arbres", La Presse (Montréal), Jun 15, 1976, p. D10. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  197. ↑ Jacinta Diemer, "Co operation – a small push", The Charlatan (Carleton University), Oct 3, 1975, Vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 13–15. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  198. ↑ "Subvention de $2,500 au comité des citoyens de Saint-Sauveur", Le Soleil (Québec), Jul 17, 1976, p. A2. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  199. ↑ "Mon oeil sur Montréal: ... En virac", La Presse, Jul 30, 1976, p. A12. (Accessed Jan 11, 2026.)
  200. 1 2 Jacques Brunet, "Cartouches et hamecons: ... Prix ‘Conservation’ de $5000 institue par la compagne General Cigar Limited", La Gazette, Valleyfield-Beauharnois Mar 28, 1968, p. 12. (Accessed Jan 12, 2026.)
  201. 1 2 "Un jour, fiston, tout ceci sera à toi", Le Devoir (Montréal), Aug 20, 1970, p. 13. (Accessed Jan 12, 2026.)
  202. 1 2 "Funds are available for environmental projects", Sherbrooke Record (Quebec), Feb 17, 1975, p. 3. (Accessed Jan 12, 2026.)
  203. ↑ Conservation Directory 1970. National Wildlife Federation (USA), Dec 1, 1969, p. 101. (Accessed Jan 12, 2026.)
  204. 1 2 "Austin chosen head of outdoor writers", Owen Sound Sun-Times (Ontario), Sep 16, 1968, p. 7.
  205. ↑ "Of Cabbages and Kings: Western First", Dauphin Herald, Apr 10, 1967, p. 1.
  206. ↑ "Conservation Funds Now Available For Projects", St. Catharines Standard (Ontario), Apr 25, 1970, p. 29.
  207. ↑ "Profile of Gordon Harvey Aiken", Parliament of Canada, Parlinfo, https://lop.parl.ca . (Accessed Jan 1, 2026.)
  208. 1 2 3 Don McGillivray, Southam News Services, "Judy may take action to curb smoking ads", Ottawa Citizen, Jun 18, 1963, p. 3.
  209. ↑ "LaMarsh's anti-smoking campaign called 'gropingly amateurish'", Ottawa Citizen, Mar 13, 1964, p. 9; Alexander Farrell, Canadian Press, "Judy Praises Doctors: Anti-Smoking Drive Working", Niagara Falls Evening Review, Apr 7, 1964, p. 3; "In Smoke-Filled Room: Renews Plea to Curb Smoking", Ottawa Journal, Apr 9, 1964, p. 14.
  210. ↑ Arch MacKenzie, Canadian Press, "Anti-tobacco campaign given $600,000 boost", Ottawa Citizen, Nov 27, 1963, p. 25.
  211. ↑ "Cigaret Ad Ban Pondered", The Gazette (Montréal), Mar 13, 1965, p. 4. (Accessed Jan 27, 2026.); "100-1 Support for Judy: Public Seen Backing Ban on TV Smoking Advertising", Ottawa Journal, Mar 27, 1965, p. 8.
  212. ↑ Telegram News Service, " 'Weighty' Problem for MP", Calgary Herald, Jan 17, 1964, p. 25; Canadian Press, "Cigs come before job with Judy", Ottawa Citizen, Feb 21, 1964, p. 10. (Accessed Jan 26, 2026.)
  213. ↑ Canada Gazette, Part I, Mar 27, 1971, Vol. 105, No. 13, p. 788; Jul 3, 1971, Vol. 105, No. 27, pp. 1709, 1714–1715. (Appointments of Robert Shaw as Deputy Minister, Jack Davis as Minister, and proclamation creating Department of the Environment as of June 11.)
  214. ↑ Canada, Statutes, 1970-71-72, 19-20-21 Eliz. II, Chapter 42, Part I, sec. 2–7.
  215. ↑ White Owl Conservation Awards Committee, News Release: Money Available for Conservation Projects, 1973. Dalhousie University Archives, Ecology Action Centre fonds, MS-11-13, Box 31, Folder 5, Imperial Tobacco Environment Program White Owl Conservation Awards (Accessed Jan 12, 2026.)
  216. ↑ "Illness fells strong ally of the working people", Alberni Valley Times (Port Alberni, B.C.), Apr 16, 1975, p. 2.
  217. ↑ "Fernand Seguin, Prix Kalinga 1977", Québec Science, Nov 1978, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 22–23; and Gilles Provost, "Un chantre devenu critique", pp. 24–27.
  218. ↑ Carole Thibaudeau, "La personnalité de la semaine: L'Institut Royal du Canada rend hommage au père de la vulgarisation scientifique au Québec", La Presse (Montréal), Mar 20, 1988, p. B3 (Includes a detailed profile of Seguin in French.); and "La médaille Sanford-Fleming à Fernand Seguin", p. B4. (Accessed Jan 1, 2026.)
  219. ↑ "Public more wary of science news, prize-winner says", Kitchener-Waterloo Record, Nov 22, 1978, p. 78.
  220. ↑ "Companies in the News" $97 million chemical industry third plum for Come-By-Chance", The Globe and Mail (Toronto), Apr 21, 1967, p. B13 (online p. 29).
  221. ↑ "Une raffinerie de carburant destinée à l’aviation sera construite à Terre-Neuve", La Presse (Montréal), May 6, 1967, p. 22. (Accessed Jan 12, 2026.)
  222. ↑ "New company will attempt to bring in new industry", Evening Telegram (St. John's), Oct 15, 1973, p. 2; "Company awaits feasibility studies before trying for new industries", Jan 14, 1974, p. 3; "Shaheen readying proposal on petrochemical complex", Mar 13, 1974, p. 5; "Talks resume today on Brinco takeover", Mar 18, 1974, p. 3. (Accessed Jan 25, 2026.)
  223. ↑ "Peters resigns as Moores' assistant", Evening Telegram (St. John's), Jun 7, 1973, p. 1. (Accessed Jan 25, 2026.)
  224. ↑ Nancy Russell, "Magazine career demanding", Star-Phoenix (Saskatoon), Jan 3, 1975, Aćcent supplement, p. 6 (online p. 40). (Accessed Jan 25, 2026.)
  225. ↑ "Environnement: Imperial Tobacco met un terme à son programme de subventions", La Presse (Montréal), Dec 15, 1976, p. E20. (Accessed Jan 12, 2026.)
  226. ↑ Douglas Sagi, "White Owl withdraws from environmental program", Vancouver Sun, Dec 11, 1976, p. 51.
  227. ↑ "White Owl program cancelled", Nanaimo Daily Free Press (online as The Times), Dec 13, 1976, p. 5.
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