Willard Brook Quarry | |
Nearest city | Chesuncook, Maine |
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Area | 160 acres (65 ha) |
NRHP reference No. | 86002182 [1] |
Added to NRHP | September 26, 1986 |
The Willard Brook Quarry is a prehistoric stone quarry site in a remote portion of Piscataquis County, Maine. The quarry site is located on one of a series of outcrops near Munsungan Lake in north-central Maine, all of which have yielded stone tools found at prehistoric sites throughout northern New England. The area is known to have been frequented by Native Americans, with an extensive array of habitation sites located in the area between Munsungan and Chase Lake. The Willard Brook quarry site provides evidence that Native Americans engaged in quarrying and mining operations to recover stone suitable for conversion to tools. [2]
The quarry site consists of a series of depressions ringed by debris, which were interpreted by lead investigator Robson Bonnichsen as resulting from native mining operations when analyzed in the 1980s. Archaeological excavation in and around some of these depressions yielded stone blocks, cores, and stone flakes. The stone blocks showed evidence of crushing along their edges, suggesting that leverage was used along natural fissure lines to free them. [2]
The finds of the Willard Quarry site have prompted a reevaluation of the means by which natives gathered stone from the region's stone outcrops. The concentration of lithic materials at this site, when compared with a general lack of such concentration in similar areas along other outcrops suggests that it may have been more common for natives to gather fallen stone, rather than engaging in explicit quarrying and mining activity. [2]
Topper is an archaeological site located along the Savannah River in Allendale County, South Carolina, United States. It is noted as a location of artifacts which some archaeologists believe to indicate human habitation of the New World earlier than the Clovis culture. The latter were previously believed to be the first people in North America.
The Stanfield-Worley Bluff Shelter, located on private property in Colbert County in northwestern Alabama, United States, is one of the most important prehistoric sites excavated in the state due to the archeological evidence deposited by the Paleo-Indians who once occupied the rock shelter. Lying in Sanderson Cove along a tributary of Cane Creek approximately seven miles (11 km) south of the Tennessee Valley, the shelter and the high bluffs of the surrounding valley provided a well-protected environment for the Native American occupants.
The Carbuncle Hill Archaeological District encompasses a collection of archaeological sites in rural western Coventry, Rhode Island. Designated by the state as sites RI-1072 through RI-1079, this discontiguous cluster of sites has the potential to increase knowledge of prehistoric patterns of stone tool procurement, development, and use. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, primarily for its potential to yield further information.
The Cape Site, designated Site 36.27 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric archaeological site in West Leeds, Maine. Finds at the well-stratified waterfront site include ceramic fragments, stone tools, and remains of habitation dating as far as 6000 BCE. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
Cedar Swamp Archeological District is a prehistoric and historic archaeologically sensitive area in eastern Westborough, Massachusetts, and extending into the northwest corner of Hopkinton. Cedar Swamp is an area of more than 2,600 acres (1,100 ha) of wetlands that include the headwaters area of the Sudbury River. Archeological surveys of the environmentally sensitive and critical area have identified many Native American sites of interest. It is believed that Native Americans prized wood from the cedar trees that grew in the area. The archeological district, which encompasses much of the Cedar Swamp area, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
The Mount Jasper Lithic Source is a prehistoric archaeological site in Berlin, New Hampshire. Located on the slopes of Mount Jasper on the north side of the city, it includes one of the only known evidences of mining by pre-Contact Native Americans in the eastern United States. The mountain is a source of rhyolite, apparently prized for its qualities in the manufacture of stone tools. The site includes a mine shaft about 9 metres (30 ft) deep, as well as workshops at the base and summit of the mountain. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
The Sommerheim Park Archaeological District includes a group of six archaeological sites west of Erie, Pennsylvania in the United States. The sites are in Sommerheim Park, one of the few undeveloped areas of the Lake Erie shoreline, in Millcreek Township. This district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This is one of the leading archaeological sites in the Erie area and along the southern shoreline of Lake Erie, due to the amount of artifacts and the lack of disturbance on the site.
The Houserville Site is an archaeological site located near State College in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. Used as a stone workshop by prehistoric Native Americans ten thousand years ago, it has been recognized as a prime candidate for prehistoric preservation.
The Tudek Site is an archaeological site located near State College in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. Used as a stone quarry by prehistoric Native Americans ten thousand years ago, it has been recognized as a prime candidate for prehistoric preservation.
The Trinchera Cave Archeological District (5LA9555) is an archaeological site in Las Animas County, Colorado with artifacts primarily dating from 1000 BC to AD 1749, although there were some Archaic period artifacts found. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 and is located on State Trust Lands.
Ntolonapemk, also known as the Eastern Surplus Company Superfund Site and Maine State Survey No. 96.02, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Meddybemps, a small town in Washington County, Maine. Located near the outlet of Meddybemps Lake, it is one of the only major inland prehistoric habitation sites in the county, with evidence of more than 8,000 years of use. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
The Munsungan-Chase Lake Thoroughfare Archeological District encompasses a series of important archaeological sites in a remote area of northern Maine, United States. These sites offer evidence of human habitation dating to not long after the retreat of the glaciers following the Wisconsin glaciation, with extensive stone tool workshops working with red chert found in abundance in the area. Stone tools made from sources in this region have been found at archaeological sites across New England. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
The Sebec-Piscataquis River Confluence Prehistoric Archeological District encompasses a collection of important prehistoric archaeological sites in Milo, Maine. Located near the mouth of the Sebec River where it meets the Piscataquis River, these sites include several deeply stratified sites covering 5,000 years of history dating back to 8,300 BCE. The area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
The Hedden Site, designated Site 4.10 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Kennebunk, Maine. The site has been radiocarbon dated to c. 8550 BCE, and is a rare example in the state of a completely undisturbed (unplowed), stratified site. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.
Archeological Site No. 29-64 is a prehistoric archaeological site in Islesboro, Maine. The site encompasses a shell midden, in which are embedded the remains of semi-subterranean pit-house structures. It is one of the best-preserved examples of this type in northeastern North America. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
The Brockway Site, designated Site 90.3 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Milo, Maine. Long known to local amateur archaeologists, the site was formally tested in 1986, yielding evidence of a well-stratified site containing thousands of artifacts dating as far back as c. 2000 BCE. These types of sites are rare in the interior of Maine. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
The Spiller Farm Paleoindian Site, designated Site 4.13 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Wells, Maine. Located overlooking a stream on the Spiller Farm property on Branch Road, it is an extensive site at which a fine collection of stone artifacts has been found, dating to c. 8,000 BCE. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
Gut Island is a small 2-acre (0.81 ha) island in the Penobscot River, near Old Town and Milford in central Maine. The island, owned by the Penobscot Indian Nation, is archaeologically important, and has been designated Site 74.91 by the Maine Archaeological Survey. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 for its archaeological significance, which includes well-stratified evidence of human habitation dating back thousands of years.