He appealed his case after a U.S. Supreme Court ruling on similar issues. In light of these findings,on October 5,2017,Jefferson was ordered released,pending sentencing or other action,after a U.S. District judge threw out 7 of 10 charges against him.[3] On December 1,2017,Judge T. S. Ellis III accepted his plea deal and sentenced Jefferson to time served.[4]
Early life and family
Jefferson was born on March 14,1947,in Lake Providence,the parish seat of East Carroll Parish in northeastern Louisiana.[5] He and his eight brothers and sisters worked alongside their father on their farm,and Jefferson was also a heavy-equipment operator for the United States Army Corps of Engineers. The Jeffersons were among the few African-American families in the area who in the mid-20th century owned their land (as opposed to sharecropping). They were regarded with respect,but the family struggled in poverty.[6]
From 1973 to 1975,Jefferson was a legislative assistant to Democratic U.S. SenatorJ. Bennett Johnston of Louisiana. Jefferson moved to New Orleans in 1976 and was elected to the Louisiana Senate in 1979,where he served until 1990. He twice unsuccessfully ran for New Orleans mayor,having,along with Ron Faucheux,first challenged Dutch Morial in the election of 1982. He was defeated by Sidney Barthelemy in the mayoral runoff of 1986.[10] During the 1982 mayoral race,Morial attacked Jefferson by calling him "Dollar Bill". Jefferson was considered a rising star in Louisiana politics,with some suggesting he would be his state's second African-American governor.[6]
In 1990,midway through his third term in the state senate,Jefferson ran in the nonpartisan blanket primary for Louisiana's 2nd congressional district seat after 10-term incumbent Lindy Boggs announced her retirement. He finished first in the seven-candidate field with 24 percent of the vote. In the runoff,he defeated Marc Morial,the son of Dutch Morial,with 52 percent of the vote. He was reelected seven times.
Jefferson ran for governor of Louisiana in the 1999 Louisiana gubernatorial election,and was the de facto "official" Democratic candidate. However,he lost badly to incumbent RepublicanMike Foster,having tallied 29.5 percent of the vote and carrying only New Orleans (coextensive with Orleans Parish) and his native East Carroll Parish,whose seat is Lake Providence.
Local influence
Jefferson and his family controlled one of the most sophisticated and effective get-out-the-vote organizations in South Louisiana –the Progressive Democrats. Journalist Laura Maggi has described Mose Jefferson,a brother of William,as "the man responsible for running the Progressive Democrats street operation" in New Orleans.[12]
New Orleans politics substantially changed in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005,as many former residents have never returned to the city,changing the demographics of voters. A few days after Hurricane Katrina,Jefferson was reported to have used a Louisiana National Guard detachment to recover personal effects and belongings from his home.[13] After the truck in which he and the detachment traveled became stuck,the Guard helicopter aided Jefferson's party while rescue operations in the city were still underway.
None of the candidates obtained more than 50% of the vote on the first ballot (November 7,2006),forcing a runoff. The two candidates who survived the first ballot were both African-American Democrats:Jefferson got 30% of the vote,and State RepresentativeKaren Carter,who enjoyed support from the Louisiana Democratic Party’s establishment,picked up nearly all endorsements from local politicians and the local press;she gathered 22% of the vote.[15] Carter was Jefferson's first credible challenger since his initial run for Congress.
Political commentators predicted an easy victory for Carter on the second ballot (to be held on December 9,2006).[16] In the last week of campaign,however,Jefferson ParishSheriffHarry Lee,a law and order Democrat,urged voters against Carter. She had criticized the conduct of Gretna police officers and Jefferson Parish deputies in the aftermath of Katrina,as they had prevented evacuees from fleeing New Orleans. Lee mailed out 25,000 fliers and made public statements attacking Carter. The campaign generated much controversy,highlighting racial differences between the parishes.[17]
Voter turnout dwindled from 24.15% to 16.25%. While residents of the city of New Orleans gave Jefferson a slight majority over Carter,(51% to 49%);the Jefferson Parish share of the district voted for Jefferson by a staggering 71% to 29%,clearly swinging the election in his favor.
Following Jefferson's reelection,Speaker-electNancy Pelosi announced that Jefferson would not regain his seat on the Ways and Means Committee as long as he is not "cleared of wrongdoing in an ongoing federal corruption probe".[18]
2008 campaign
In 2008,Jefferson sought re-election while under indictment for bribery. Six Democrats challenged him for the seat in the Democratic primary. The voting was delayed due to Hurricane Gustav.[19][20][21]
In the October 4,2008 Democratic primary,opposition to Jefferson was split among seven contenders. Some of the challengers made strong showings in their base neighborhoods but failed to garner much support in other parts of the district. Jefferson ran second,third,or even fourth in many precincts,but his 25% total was enough to give him a plurality and to send him into the runoff primary,where he faced Helena Moreno,a former TV newscaster,on November 4. Aided by overwhelming support from African-American voters on the same date as the presidential candidacy of Barack Obama drew them to the polls in unprecedented numbers,Jefferson won the Democratic nomination in the congressional party primary,which barred the district's 41,000 Republicans and many of its 84,000 other voters not registered as Democrats.[22][23] Jefferson won the November 4 Democratic runoff.[24]
The general election round occurred on December 6,2008. Jefferson faced Republican candidate Anh "Joseph" Cao,Green Party candidate Malik Rahim,and Libertarian Party candidate Gregory Kahn. An earlier candidate,independent Jerry Jacobs,withdrew.[25]
Jefferson was defeated in the general election on December 6,2008 in a major upset by Republican nominee Cao,[26] who had endorsements from several prominent Democrats including Moreno and City CouncilwomenJacquelyn Brechtel Clarkson and Stacy Head. New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin endorsed Jefferson. Cao won by three percentage points. Jefferson was the third Democratic incumbent since the end of Reconstruction to lose to a Republican at the federal level in Louisiana. (But in Louisiana as in other parts of the South,many conservative whites left the Democratic Party for the Republican Party,and alliances have shifted.)
Jefferson's loss evoked a sensation because of the overwhelmingly Democratic nature of the district;with a Cook Partisan Voting Index of D+28,it is the third-most Democratic district in the South. Democrats usually win local and state races in landslides. [citation needed]Barack Obama carried the district with 72 percent of the vote in the 2008 presidential election.
Jefferson became the third African-American incumbent Congressman to be unseated in a general election.[27]
In the August 2005 raid,cash was found wrapped in aluminum foil and hidden in a box for pie crusts.
In mid-2005,an investor in the Louisville,Kentucky-based IT firm iGate pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit bribery and the payment of $400,000 in bribes to a public official —a then-unnamed member of the U.S. House of Representatives[28] later alleged to be Jefferson. In return for these bribes,the public official was alleged to have agreed to persuading the U.S. Army to test iGate's broadband two-way technology and other iGate products;influencing high-ranking officials in Nigeria,Ghana,and Cameroon;and meeting with personnel of the Export-Import Bank of the United States in order to facilitate potential financing for iGate business deals in those countries.[28]
In 2009,he was tried in Virginia on federal corruption charges.[31] On August 5,2009,he was found guilty of eleven of the sixteen corruption counts.[32] On November 13,2009,Jefferson was sentenced to thirteen years,the longest sentence given to a congressman for bribery or any other crime.
On March 26,2012,the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit affirmed Jefferson's conviction and sentence on ten of the eleven counts on which he was convicted.[33] The Court of Appeals vacated and remanded the conviction on one count of the indictment,involving alleged wire fraud,holding that venue on that count was improper in the federal court in Virginia.[33]
On April 20,2012,U.S. District Court judge T. S. Ellis III revoked Jefferson's bail and ordered that he report to prison by May 4,2012 to begin serving his thirteen-year sentence.[34] He reported as ordered at the BOP facility in Beaumont,Texas.[35] He was scheduled for release on August 30,2023.[36]
In the 2016 US Supreme Court case of McDonnell v. United States,the Court remanded the case to the lower court based on issues with the corruption charges against former Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell. The Justice Department has since dropped the case and will not prosecute again. Jefferson appealed and U.S. District Judge T. S. Ellis of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia threw out 7 of the most substantive of 10 charges against him on October 5,2017:dropping convictions for "two counts of soliciting bribes,two counts of wire fraud,and three counts of money laundering."[3]
The judge ordered him released while the government determined the sentence or plans for a retrial.[3] On December 1,the government and Jefferson agreed that (1) given Judge Ellis' ruling dismissing some of the counts,one of the three remaining counts also had to be dismissed;and (2) given the time Jefferson already served in prison as well as the expense involved in continued litigation,the parties agreed that if on resentencing Judge Ellis imposed a sentence of time-served,neither party would take any further appeals from Judge Ellis' decision in which he dismissed most,but not all,of the counts against Jefferson. Judge Ellis subsequently sentenced the former congressman to time served,having spent five and a half years of his initial thirteen-year sentence in federal prison.
Charges against relatives
On May 22,2009,Betty Jefferson,Mose Jefferson,Angela Coleman,and Mose's longtime companion,former New Orleans City Councilwoman Renée Gill Pratt,were indicted for violating the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. On June 5,2009,all the defendants pleaded not guilty. Their sister Brenda Jefferson Foster was serving as a witness in the government's case against them.[39] Mose Jefferson is also facing a separate trial on charges of bribing Orleans Parish School Board president Ellenese Brooks-Simms.[40] On July 28,2009,United States federal judgeIvan L. R. Lemelle delayed the start of the racketeering trial to January 25,2010.
On January 10,2010,Mose Jefferson was convicted of bribery and was sentenced to ten years imprisonment. On February 26,2010,Betty Jefferson and Angela Coleman pleaded guilty to a single charge of conspiracy. They were expected to testify for the government in the fraud and corruption trial against Mose Jefferson and Pratt.
Robert Linlithgow Livingston Jr. is an American lobbyist and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Louisiana from 1977 to 1999. A Republican, he was chosen as Newt Gingrich's successor as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, a position he declined following revelations of an extramarital affair. He served as a U.S. Representative from Louisiana from 1977 to 1999 and as the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee from 1995 to 1999. During his final years in Congress, Livingston was a strong supporter of Bill Clinton's impeachment. He is currently a Washington, D.C.-based lobbyist. Livingston's memoir, The Windmill Chaser: Triumphs and Less in American Politics, was published in September 2018.
John Leigh "Jay" Dardenne, Jr. is an American lawyer and politician from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, who served as commissioner of administration for Democratic Governor John Bel Edwards. A Republican, Dardenne previously served as the 53rd lieutenant governor of his state from 2010 to 2016. Running as a Republican, he won a special election for lieutenant governor held in conjunction with the regular November 2, 2010 general election. At the time, Dardenne was Louisiana secretary of state. Formerly, Dardenne was a member of the Louisiana State Senate for the Baton Rouge suburbs, a position he filled from 1992 until his election as secretary of state on September 30, 2006.
The 1995 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held on November 18, 1995, to elect the governor of Louisiana.
The first round of the Louisiana House election of 2006 were held on Tuesday, November 7, 2006. The terms of all seven Representatives to the United States House of Representatives will expire on January 3, 2007, and will be put up for contest. The winning candidates will serve a two-year term from January 3, 2007, to January 3, 2009. If necessary, a runoff round will be held on December 9, 2006.
Jacquelyn Brechtel Clarkson is an American politician who served in the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1994 to 2002, and multiple tenures on the New Orleans City Council. She has been Honorary consul of Lithuania in New Orleans since December 2014. She is the mother of actress Patricia Clarkson.
Renée Gill Pratt is an American politician from New Orleans, Louisiana. She was also Director of the Center for Student Retention and Success in Southern University at New Orleans. On July 25, 2011, she was found guilty of racketeering. For this crime, she served a 4-year sentence.
Karen Carter Peterson is an American lawyer and former politician who served as a member of the Louisiana State House from 1999 to 2010, then as the state senator from the 5th district until her resignation in 2022. She also served as the chair of the Louisiana Democratic Party from 2012 to 2020, becoming the first female chair of the state party. In 2008, Peterson became as Democratic National Committeewoman for Louisiana. In 2017, Peterson was elected vice chair of civic engagement and voter participation for the Democratic National Committee.
Oliver M. Thomas, Jr., is a Democratic politician, actor, writer, and poet from New Orleans. He served on the New Orleans City Council from 1994 to 2007. On August 13, 2007, Thomas resigned his council seat after pleading guilty to bribery charges. On Dec. 11, 2021, Oliver Thomas won election to the New Orleans City Council.
The 2008 congressional elections in Louisiana to determine representation for the state of Louisiana in the United States House of Representatives occurred November 4, 2008. Louisiana has seven seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected will serve in the 111th Congress from January 4, 2009 until January 3, 2011. The election coincided with the 2008 U.S. presidential election.
Ánh Quang "Joseph" Cao is a Vietnamese–American politician who was the U.S. representative for Louisiana's 2nd congressional district from 2009 to 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he is the first Vietnamese American and first native of Vietnam to serve in Congress.
Willie Landry Mount is an American politician from Louisiana who served as a Democratic member of the Louisiana State Senate from 2000 to 2012. She represented District 27, which includes parts of her native Lake Charles and the surrounding cities of Sulphur and Westlake. From 1993 to 1999, Mount was the first woman to serve as the mayor of Lake Charles.
Ivan L. R. Lemelle is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana.
Helena Nancy Moreno is a Mexican-American realtor, equestrienne, former journalist, and politician serving as the president of the New Orleans City Council and First Division Councilmember-at-Large.
Mose Oliver Jefferson was a member of the New Orleans family that includes his younger brother, former U.S. Representative William J. Jefferson. On 21 August 2009, Mose Jefferson was convicted on four felony counts of bribery.
Angela Coleman, daughter of New Orleans Fourth Municipal District Assessor Betty Jefferson, was one of four individuals indicted in 2009 by federal grand jury for the U.S. Justice Department's Eastern District of Louisiana. The charges on violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act were also directed against Betty Jefferson, Mose Jefferson, and Mose Jefferson's companion Renée Gill Pratt.
Troy Anthony Carter Sr. is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for Louisiana's 2nd congressional district since 2021. He was previously a member of the Louisiana State Senate for the 7th district. A member of the Democratic Party, Carter also previously served on the New Orleans City Council and as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives. He is currently the only Democrat in Louisiana's congressional delegation.
The corruption case against then Louisiana Representative William J. Jefferson in the United States started on a suspicion of bribery. The FBI raided his Congressional offices in May 2006. He was re-elected to his seat in the fall. On June 4, 2007, a federal grand jury indicted Jefferson on sixteen charges related to corruption. Jefferson was defeated by Republican Joseph Cao on December 6, 2008, and was the most senior Democratic incumbent to lose re-election that year. In 2009 he was tried in the US District Court in Virginia on corruption charges. On August 5, 2009, he was found guilty of 11 of the 16 corruption counts. Jefferson was sentenced to 13 years on November 13, 2009 - the longest sentence ever given to a representative for bribery or any charge.
Cedric Levan Richmond is an American attorney, politician, and political advisor who is serving as senior advisor to the Democratic National Committee. Richmond was previously a senior advisor to the president and director of the White House Office of Public Engagement in the Biden administration. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the U.S. representative for Louisiana's 2nd congressional district from 2011 to 2021. His district included most of New Orleans.
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