Woodmen of Union Building | |
Location | 501 Malvern Ave., Hot Springs, Arkansas |
---|---|
Coordinates | 34°30′25″N93°2′58″W / 34.50694°N 93.04944°W |
Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
Built | 1923 |
Architect | Bailey, W.T. |
Architectural style | Classical Revival |
Part of | Pleasant Street Historic District (ID03000532) |
NRHP reference No. | 97000616 [1] |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | June 27, 1997 |
Designated CP | June 20, 2003 |
The Woodmen of Union Building is a historic commercial building at 501 Malvern Avenue in Hot Springs, Arkansas. It is a four-story structure, built mainly out of brick and ceramic blocks, although its southeastern section has upper levels with wood framing and finishing. Its main facade has an elaborate projecting entrance portico, with the entrance set in an elliptical-arch opening supported by fluted pilasters. The interior retains significant original features, including a bank vault, marble wainscoting, and a 2,500-seat auditorium. It was built in 1923-24 for the Supreme Lodge of the Woodmen of Union, an African-American social organization, which operated it as a multifunction bathhouse, hotel, hospital, bank, and performance venue. It was purchased in 1950 by the National Baptist Association. [2]
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. [1]
The first bathhouses were established at the hot springs in 1830. With the growth in popularity, the United States created a reservation to prevent commercial exploitation. The nineteenth century saw the village grow into a medical-pleasure resort. The 1875 completion of a railroad from Malvern made the springs available to a larger audience. [3]
It is assumed that there was at least a small community of colored people by 1868, when Rev. Henderson Patillo and Rev. B. W. Whitlow came to Hot Springs from Malvern to preach to a group of worshippers. [3] In 1919, the Supreme Lodge of the Woodman of Union, a black social club/union/fraternity, purchased the site. In 1923, the building was erected along Malvern Avenue, between Gulpha and Garden Streets. From throughout Arkansas, African-American men came on January 17, 1924, to dedicate the Woodman of Union Building, created by the genius of J. L. Webb, Supreme Custodian of the Woodman of Union. A 100-bed hospital and nurses training school, a 75-room bath hotel, the Woodman of Union Bank, a 2,500-seat auditorium, an electrically operated printing plant, and executive offices were all located within the building. The auditorium hosted attractions such as Count Basie and Duke Ellington. [3]
In 1950, the building was purchased by the ‘’National Baptist Association, U.S.A‘’, being then known as the National Baptist Hotel and Bath House. The bathhouse was subject to federal regulations regarding bathhouse standards, like those along Bathhouse Row. The Association expanded the bathhouse and improved the facilities. [3] As segregation was coming to an end in the 1970s, integrated public facilities became prevalent, and the National Baptist Hotel saw a decline in clientele. In 1981, it closed. [3] In 1984, it was purchased for redevelopment, which was later dropped. In 1991, Hawk Management Group, Inc., of Northern Nevada purchased the building. [3]
Hot Springs is a resort city in the state of Arkansas and the county seat of Garland County. The city is located in the Ouachita Mountains among the U.S. Interior Highlands, and is set among several natural hot springs for which the city is named. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city had a population of 37,930, making it the 11th most populous city in Arkansas.
Malvern is a city in and the county seat of Hot Spring County, Arkansas, United States. Founded as a railroad stop at the eastern edge of the Ouachita Mountains, the community's history and economy have been tied to available agricultural and mineral resources. The production of bricks from locally available clay has earned the city the nickname, "The Brick Capital of the World". The city had a population of 10,318 at the time of the 2010 census, and in 2019 the estimated population was 10,931.
Rockport is a city in Hot Spring County in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population of Rockport was 755, down from 792 in 2000.
Hot Springs National Park is an American national park in central Garland County, Arkansas, adjacent to the city of Hot Springs, the county seat. Hot Springs Reservation was initially created by an act of the United States Congress on April 20, 1832, to be preserved for future recreation. Established before the concept of a national park existed, it was the first time that land had been set aside by the federal government to preserve its use as an area for recreation. The hot spring water has been popularly believed for centuries to possess medicinal properties, and was a subject of legend among several Native American tribes. Following federal protection in 1832, the city developed into a successful spa town.
Woodman, Woodmen, or Woodman's may refer to:
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Bathhouse Row is a collection of bathhouses, associated buildings, and gardens located at Hot Springs National Park in the city of Hot Springs, Arkansas. The bathhouses were included in 1832 when the Federal Government took over four parcels of land to preserve 47 natural hot springs, their mineral waters which lack the sulphur odor of most hot springs, and their area of origin on the lower slopes of Hot Springs Mountain.
George Richard Mann was an American architect, trained at MIT, whose designs included the Arkansas State Capitol. He was the leading architect in Arkansas from 1900 until 1930, and his designs were among the finalists in competitions for the capitols of several other states.
Walter Thomas Bailey was an American architect from Kewanee, Illinois. He was the first African American graduate with a bachelor of science degree in architectural engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the first licensed African-American architect in the state of Illinois. He worked at the Tuskegee Institute, and practiced in both Memphis and Chicago. Walter T. Bailey became the second African American that graduated from the University of Illinois.
The Massanetta Springs Historic District is a retreat in Rockingham County, Virginia, administered by the Presbyterian Synod of the Mid-Atlantic, and chiefly associated with the Massanetta Springs Summer Bible Conference Encampment. The district includes the Hotel (1910), Hudson Auditorium (1922) and Camp Massanetta (1955–56). A Methodist camp existed at the site, originally known as Taylor's Springs, from 1816.
The Central Avenue Historic District is the historic economic center of Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States, located directly across Central Avenue from Bathhouse Row. Built primarily between 1886 and 1930, the hotels, shops, restaurants and offices on Central Avenue have greatly benefited from the city's tourism related to the thermal waters thought to contain healing properties. Built in a variety of architectural styles, the majority of the buildings constituting the district are two- or three-story structures. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, at which time forty contributing structures were identified; 101 Park Avenue was added in 2007, and a boundary decrease was approved in 2019.
The Park Hotel was a seven-story hotel in downtown Hot Springs, Arkansas near Bathhouse Row within Hot Springs National Park. Built in 1930 by Thompson, Sanders and Ginocchio in the Spanish Revival style, the hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It closed in 2020.
The Jack Tar Hotel and Bathhouse is a historic former tourist resort property at 145 Oriole Street in Hot Springs, Arkansas.
The Missouri-Pacific Railroad Depot-Hot Springs is a historic former railroad station at Broadway and Market Street in Hot Springs, Arkansas. It is a single-story masonry structure, roughly V-shaped due to the triangular parcel, with a tile hip roof with broad eaves supported by Italianate wooden brackets. A Tuscan tower rises above the station, and its walls consist of bays of compound round-arch windows. The station was built c. 1917 by the Missouri-Pacific Railroad, and is a major reminder of the importance of the railroad to the growth and success of Hot Springs as a resort community.
The Pleasant Street Historic Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic African-American community area of Hot Springs, Arkansas. It is located just southeast of the city's famous Bathhouse Row area, centered on a four-block stretch of Pleasant Street between Jefferson and Church Streets. The 30-acre (12 ha) district includes 93 buildings, most of them residential. The area was developed between about 1900 and 1950, with most of the development taking place after 1920. Prominent non-residential buildings include the Visitor's Chapel A.M.E. Church at 317 Church Street, and the Woodmen of Union Building, a four-story brick building on the 500 block of Malvern Avenue.
Irven D. McDaniel (1894-1960) was an architect based in Arkansas and Tennessee and Irven G. McDaniel was his son and also an architect who practiced in Hot Springs, Arkansas.
Camas Hot Springs, also known as Big Medicine Hot Springs, is a group of historic hot springs in Hot Springs, Sanders County, Montana, United States.