160 BC

Last updated

Millennium: 1st millennium BC
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
160 BC in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 160 BC
CLX BC
Ab urbe condita 594
Ancient Egypt era XXXIII dynasty, 164
- Pharaoh Ptolemy VI Philometor, 21
Ancient Greek era 155th Olympiad (victor
Assyrian calendar 4591
Balinese saka calendar N/A
Bengali calendar −752
Berber calendar 791
Buddhist calendar 385
Burmese calendar −797
Byzantine calendar 5349–5350
Chinese calendar 庚辰年 (Metal  Dragon)
2538 or 2331
     to 
辛巳年 (Metal  Snake)
2539 or 2332
Coptic calendar −443 – −442
Discordian calendar 1007
Ethiopian calendar −167 – −166
Hebrew calendar 3601–3602
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat −103 – −102
 - Shaka Samvat N/A
 - Kali Yuga 2941–2942
Holocene calendar 9841
Iranian calendar 781 BP – 780 BP
Islamic calendar 805 BH – 804 BH
Javanese calendar N/A
Julian calendar N/A
Korean calendar 2174
Minguo calendar 2071 before ROC
民前2071年
Nanakshahi calendar −1627
Seleucid era 152/153 AG
Thai solar calendar 383–384
Tibetan calendar 阳金龙年
(male Iron-Dragon)
−33 or −414 or −1186
     to 
阴金蛇年
(female Iron-Snake)
−32 or −413 or −1185

Year 160 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gallus and Cethegus (or, less frequently, year 594 Ab urbe condita ) and the Fourth Year of Houyuan. The denomination 160 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Contents

Events

By place

Seleucid Empire

  • The Seleucid king, Demetrius I Soter defeats a Jewish rebellion at Palestine. [1]
  • In response to the Jewish high priest, Alcimus', request for assistance, the Seleucid general Bacchides leads an army into Judea with the intent of reconquering this now independent kingdom. Bacchides rapidly marches through Judea after carrying out a massacre of the Assideans in Galilee. He quickly makes for Jerusalem, besieging the city and trapping Judas Maccabeus, the spiritual and military leader of the Maccabees, inside. However, Judas and many of his supporters manage to escape the siege.
  • Judas Maccabeus and many of his supporters regroup to face the Seleucid forces in the Battle of Elasa (near modern day Ramallah). Greatly outnumbered, the Maccabees are defeated and Judas Maccabeus is killed during the battle.
  • Judas Maccabeus is succeeded as army commander and leader of the Maccabees by his younger brother, Jonathan Maccabeus.
  • Demetrius I defeats and kills the rebel general Timarchus and is recognized as king of the Seleucid empire by the Roman Senate. Demetrius acquires his surname of Soter (meaning Saviour) from the Babylonians, for delivering them from the tyranny of Timarchus. The Seleucid empire is temporarily united again.
  • The Parthian King, Mithradates I, seizes Media from the Seleucids following the death of Timarchus.

Bactria

  • The king of Bactria, Eucratides I, is considered to have killed Apollodotus I, an Indo-Greek king who rules the western and southern parts of the Indo-Greek kingdom, when he invades the western territories of that kingdom.

China

Armenia

Roman Republic

Births

Deaths

Related Research Articles

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This article concerns the period 159 BC – 150 BC.

This article concerns the period 169 BC – 160 BC.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demetrius I Soter</span> Ruler of the Seleucid Empire

Demetrius I, surnamed Soter, reigned as king (basileus) of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire from November 162 to June 150 BC. Demetrius grew up in Rome as a hostage, but returned to Greek Syria and overthrew his young cousin Antiochus V Eupator and regent Lysias. Demetrius took control during a turbulent time of the Empire, and spent much of his time fighting off revolts and challenges to his power from threats such as Timarchus and Alexander Balas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antiochus V Eupator</span> Seleucid ruler

Antiochus V Eupator, whose epithet means "of a good father" was a ruler of the Greek Seleucid Empire who reigned from late 164 to 161 BC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hasmonean dynasty</span> Dynasty of Judea (140–37 BCE)

The Hasmonean dynasty was a ruling dynasty of Judea and surrounding regions during the Hellenistic times of the Second Temple period, from c. 140 BCE to 37 BCE. Between c. 140 and c. 116 BCE the dynasty ruled Judea semi-autonomously in the Seleucid Empire, and from roughly 110 BCE, with the empire disintegrating, Judea gained further autonomy and expanded into the neighboring regions of Perea, Samaria, Idumea, Galilee, and Iturea. The Hasmonean rulers took the Greek title basileus ("king") as the kingdom became a regional power for several decades. Forces of the Roman Republic intervened in the Hasmonean Civil War in 63 BCE and made it into a client state, marking the decline of Hasmonean dynasty; Herod the Great displaced the last reigning Hasmonean client-ruler in 37 BCE.

1 Maccabees, also known as the First Book of Maccabees, First Maccabees, and abbreviated as 1 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which details the history of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire as well as the founding and earliest history of the independent Hasmonean kingdom. It describes the promulgation of decrees forbidding traditional Jewish practices by King Antiochus IV Epiphanes and the formation of a rebellion against him by Mattathias of the Hasmonean family and his five sons. Mattathias's son Judas Maccabeus takes over the revolt and the rebels as a group are called the Maccabees; the book chronicles in detail the successes and setbacks of the rebellion. While Judas is eventually killed in battle, the Maccabees eventually achieve autonomy and then independence for Judea under the leadership of the Hasmonean family. Judas's brother Simon Thassi is declared High Priest by will of the Jewish people. The time period described is from around 170 BC to 134 BC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Judas Maccabeus</span> Jewish priest who led the Maccabean Revolt

Judah Maccabee was a Jewish priest (kohen) and a son of the priest Mattathias. He led the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Elasa</span> 160 BCE battle of the Maccabean Revolt

The Battle of Elasa was fought in April 160 BCE during the Maccabean Revolt between Judean rebels led by Judas Maccabeus and an army of the Seleucid Empire under the command of Bacchides. The battle resulted in the triumph of the Greek Syrian forces, the defeat of the Maccabees, and the death of Judas Maccabeus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jonathan Apphus</span> Leader of the Hasmonean dynasty from 161 to 143 BCE

Jonathan Apphus was one of the sons of Mattathias and the leader of the Hasmonean dynasty of Judea from 161 to 143 BCE.

The Battle of Adasa was fought during the Maccabean revolt on the 13th of the month Adar, 161 BC at Adasa, near Beth-horon. It was a battle between the rebel Maccabees of Judas Maccabeus and the Seleucid Empire, whose army was led by Nicanor. The Maccabees won the battle after killing Nicanor early in the fighting. The battle came after a period of political maneuvering over several months where the peace deal established a year earlier by Lysias was tested by the new High Priest Alcimus, the new military governor Nicanor, and the Maccabee leader Judas Maccabeus.

Bacchides was a Syrian-Greek general and governor (strategos) and friend and advisor (philoi) of King Demetrius I Soter of the Seleucid Empire. The Seleucid Empire was one of the Greek successor states (diadochi) founded after the conquests of Alexander the Great, and was centered in Syria and Babylonia in the Hellenistic era.

Nicanor was a Syrian-Greek general (strategos) that served the Seleucid Empire during the reigns of kings Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Demetrius I Soter. He served during the Maccabean Revolt in Judea, then part of the Seleucid Empire, and served for a time as governor in Jerusalem. Relations between the government and the Jewish rebels eventually turned sufficiently hostile that he threatened the priests at the Second Temple and led an army to find and defeat Judas Maccabeus's followers, but he and his army were defeated at the Battle of Adasa. Nicanor was killed, his corpse was desecrated, his head and right hand hung for public display back in Jerusalem, and a new festival was declared to celebrate his defeat.

Lysias was a 2nd-century BC general and governor of Syria under the Seleucid Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maccabean Revolt</span> Jewish rebellion against the Seleucids

The Maccabean Revolt was a Jewish rebellion led by the Maccabees against the Seleucid Empire and against Hellenistic influence on Jewish life. The main phase of the revolt lasted from 167 to 160 BCE and ended with the Seleucids in control of Judea, but conflict between the Maccabees, Hellenized Jews, and the Seleucids continued until 134 BCE, with the Maccabees eventually attaining independence.

References

  1. "Demetrius I Soter". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  2. Arnott, W. Geoffrey. "Terence". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  3. "Jugurtha". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 27, 2024.