377

Last updated

Millennium: 1st millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
377 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 377
CCCLXXVII
Ab urbe condita 1130
Assyrian calendar 5127
Balinese saka calendar 298–299
Bengali calendar −216
Berber calendar 1327
Buddhist calendar 921
Burmese calendar −261
Byzantine calendar 5885–5886
Chinese calendar 丙子年 (Fire  Rat)
3073 or 3013
     to 
丁丑年 (Fire  Ox)
3074 or 3014
Coptic calendar 93–94
Discordian calendar 1543
Ethiopian calendar 369–370
Hebrew calendar 4137–4138
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 433–434
 - Shaka Samvat 298–299
 - Kali Yuga 3477–3478
Holocene calendar 10377
Iranian calendar 245 BP – 244 BP
Islamic calendar 253 BH – 252 BH
Javanese calendar 259–260
Julian calendar 377
CCCLXXVII
Korean calendar 2710
Minguo calendar 1535 before ROC
民前1535年
Nanakshahi calendar −1091
Seleucid era 688/689 AG
Thai solar calendar 919–920
Tibetan calendar 阳火鼠年
(male Fire-Rat)
503 or 122 or −650
     to 
阴火牛年
(female Fire-Ox)
504 or 123 or −649
The Nymph of the Luo River by Gu Kaizhi Luoshenfu Gu Kai Zhi.jpg
The Nymph of the Luo River by Gu Kaizhi

Year 377 ( CCCLXXVII ) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Merobaudes (or, less frequently, year 1130 Ab urbe condita ). The denomination 377 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Contents

Events

By place

Roman Empire

  • Gothic War: Famine in Lower Moesia (occupied by the Goths) takes a fearsome toll. Fritigern and his followers appeal for help, but the governors Lupicinus and Maximus regard them as second-class citizens. Little help is forthcoming, and thousands starve to death. The pressure on the Roman frontier is still severe, with the Taifali and other hostile bands of Goths on the Danube. In addition, groups of Huns and Alans have also moved up to the river.
  • Emperor Valens requests his nephew Gratian to send Roman troops against the Goths. He responds by sending the ageing General Frigeridus with elite reinforcements that Ammianus calls ‘Pannonian and Transalpine auxiliaries (Pannonicis et Transalpinis auxiliis).’ Gratian also sends Richomeres, his Frankish commander of household troops ( comes domesticorum ), at the head of a number of troops drawn from the Gallic field army.
  • Battle of the Willows: The Romans abandon the guerrilla strategy and are attacked by the Goths. The battle is indecisive but both sides suffer heavy casualties. The only Roman army available to face the Goths is no longer a fighting force. Richomeres withdraws his troops south of Marcianople (Bulgaria). [1]
  • Valens sends Saturninus to the Balkan Mountains to block the passes. These efforts are possibly supported by units of limitanei (light infantry) withdrawn from areas under Goth control. Split into small bands and unable to join the Tervingi in sufficient strength to overcome the Roman cordon, the Goths grow increasingly desperate.
  • The Goths (possibly Greuthungi) make an alliance with some of the Huns and Alans along the Danube, and entice them across the river. With the balance of power now shifted Saturninus concentrates his forces to avoid his outposts being overrun. This opens the passes, allowing the Goths, Huns and Alans to break out into the lowlands of southern Thrace.
  • Autumn Bands of predatory "barbarians" spread throughout the province in search of food, supplies and booty. Most Roman troops are bottled up in the towns. Some elite units remain in the field and skirmish with the Goths. One such action takes place outside the town of Dibaltum. The Scutarii heavy cavalry is destroyed in a mad charge against the Goths.
  • The Goths, now seeking a military victory to force the Empire to make terms, aim to dislodge the army of Frigeridus from Beroea. He withdraws over the Succi (Ihtiman) Pass back to Illyrium, and reports to Gratian that an expedition by the main imperial armies is required to repulse the Goths in Thrace.
  • Valens concludes a peace with the Persian Empire and leaves enough troops to defend the eastern frontier. The Saracens under Queen Mavia revolt and devastate a swath of territory stretching from Phoenicia and Palestine as far as the Sinai (Egypt). Valens successfully brings the uprising under control.

Persia

By topic

Art and Science

Births

Deaths

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Valens</span> Roman emperor from 364 to 378

Valens was Roman emperor from 364 to 378. Following a largely unremarkable military career, he was named co-emperor by his elder brother Valentinian I, who gave him the eastern half of the Roman Empire to rule. In 378, Valens was defeated and killed at the Battle of Adrianople against the invading Goths, which astonished contemporaries and marked the beginning of barbarian encroachment into Roman territory.

The 400s decade ran from January 1, 400, to December 31, 409.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">376</span> Calendar year

Year 376 (CCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valens and Augustus. The denomination 376 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">378</span> Calendar year

Year 378 (CCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valens and Augustus. The denomination 378 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

The 360s decade ran from January 1, 360, to December 31, 369.

The 370s decade ran from January 1, 370, to December 31, 379.

Fritigern was a Thervingian Gothic chieftain whose decisive victory at Adrianople during the Gothic War (376–382) led to favourable terms for the Goths when peace was made with Gratian and Theodosius I in 382.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Adrianople</span> Battle between Roman Empire and Goths (378)

The Battle of Adrianople, sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between an Eastern Roman army led by the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens and Gothic rebels led by Fritigern. The battle took place in the vicinity of Adrianople, in the Roman province of Thracia. It ended with an overwhelming victory for the Goths and the death of Emperor Valens.

Farnobius was a Gothic chief who was killed in a battle with the Roman army of Frigeridus while trying to cross the mountains from Thrace into Illyricum.

The Gothic Wars were a long series of conflicts between the Goths and the Roman Empire between the years 249 and 554. The main wars are detailed below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Save</span>

The Battle of the Save was fought in 388 between the forces of Roman usurper Magnus Maximus and the Eastern Roman Empire. Emperor Theodosius I defeated Magnus Maximus's army in battle. Later Maximus was captured and executed at Aquileia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gothic War (376–382)</span> Conflict between the Roman Empire and various Gothic tribes

Between 376 and 382 the Gothic War against the Eastern Roman Empire, and in particular the Battle of Adrianople, is commonly seen as a major turning point in the history of the Roman Empire, the first of a series of events over the next century that would see the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, although its ultimate importance to the Empire's eventual fall is still debated. It was one of the many Gothic Wars with the Roman Empire.

Flavius Richomeres or Ricomer was a Frank who lived in the late 4th century. He took service in the Roman army and made a career as comes, magister militum, and consul. He was an uncle of the general Arbogastes. He is possibly to be identified with the Richomeres who married Ascyla, whose son Theodemer later became king of the Franks.

Flavius Merobaudes was a Roman army officer of Frankish origin. He was appointed magister peditum around 375, and consul twice in 377 and 383. Ancient sources record that he was put to death that year for his support of the imperial usurper Magnus Maximus, but an inscription records that he became consul a third time in 388.

Flavius Saturninus was a Roman army officer and politician.

Traianus was a Roman general under Emperor Valens, with whom he died in the battle of Adrianople.

Victor was a Roman military officer and politician, who served the emperors Constantius II, Julian, Jovian and Valens. He was appointed consul in AD 369, alongside Valentinianus Galates.

The Battle of Marcianople or Marcianopolis took place in 376 following the Goths' migration over the Danube. It was the first notable battle of the Gothic War of 376–382.

Sebastianus was a Roman general who died at the Battle of Adrianople alongside the Emperor Valens during the Gothic War.

The Battle of Dibaltum was fought between a Roman army and an army of Goths, Huns, and Alans in the summer of 377. The battle took place outside the city of Dibaltum in Thrace and resulted in a Gothic victory.

References

  1. Gnam, Carl (October 5, 2015). "The Gothic Wars Battle of Adrianople". Warfare History Network. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  2. Binns, John (April 2011). Hans D. Betz; Don S. Browning; Bernd Janowski [in German]; Eberhard Jüngel (eds.). Euthymius the Great. BRILL. Retrieved February 8, 2022.