527th Air Defense Group

527th Air Defense Group
F-86 Sabres of the 63d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron [lower-alpha 1]
Active	1945, 1953–1955
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Type	Fighter interceptor
Role	Air defense

The 527th Air Defense Group is a disbanded United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with the 4708th Air Defense Wing at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, whre it was inactivated on 18 August 1955. The group was originally activated as the 527th Air Service Group, a support unit for the 461st Bombardment Group at the end of World War II in Italy and then redeployed to the United States where it was inactivated in 1945.

The group was activated once again in 1953, when Air Defense Command ADC established it as the headquarters for a dispersed fighter-interceptor squadron and the medical, maintenance, and administrative squadrons supporting it. It was replaced in 1955 when ADC transferred its mission, equipment, and personnel to the 412th Fighter Group in a project that replaced air defense groups commanding fighter squadrons with fighter groups with distinguished records during World War II.

History

World War II

The group was activated as the 527th Air Service Group in Italy shortly after VE Day ^[1] in a reorganization of Army Air Forces (AAF) support groups in which the AAF replaced service groups that included personnel from other branches of the Army and supported two combat groups with air service groups including only Air Corps units, designed to support a single combat group. ^[2] Its 953rd Air Engineering Squadron provided maintenance that was beyond the capability of the combat group, its 777th Air Materiel Squadron handled all supply matters, and its Headquarters & Base Services Squadron provided other support. ^[2] The group supported the 461st Bombardment Group in Italy. It returned to the US, passing through Camp Patrick Henry, Virginia, and was inactivated. ^[3] It was disbanded in 1948. ^[4]

Cold War

F-89 Scorpion as flown by the 63d FIS in 1955

During the Cold War, the group was reconstituted, redesignated as the 527th Air Defense Group, and activated at Wurtsmith AFB in 1953 ^[5] with responsibility for air defense of the Great Lakes area.^{[ citation needed ]} The group was assigned the 63d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which was already stationed at Oscoda Air Force Base, (renamed Wurtsmith Air Force Base the day before the 527th was activated ^[6] ), and flying North American F-86 Sabres ^[7] as its operational component. ^[8] The 63rd had been assigned directly to the 4706th Defense Wing. ^[8] The group also replaced the 84th Air Base Squadron as USAF host unit at Wurtsmith. It was assigned three squadrons to perform its support responsibilities. ^{[9] [10]}

The 63d upgraded to later model Mighty Mouse rocket armed and airborne intercept radar equipped Sabres in May 1954 ^[7] and to two-seat Northrop F-89 Scorpions in early 1955. ^[7] The 527th was inactivated in August 1955 ^[5] and replaced by the 412th Fighter Group (Air Defense) ^{[11] [12]} as part of Air Defense Command's Project Arrow, which was designed to bring back on the active list the fighter units which had compiled memorable records in the two world wars. ^[13] The group was disbanded once again in 1984. ^[14]

Lineage

• Constituted as 527th Air Service Group

Activated on 27 May 1945 ^[1]

Disbanded on 28 August 1948 ^[4]

• Reconstituted and redesignated as 527th Air Defense Group on 21 January 1953

Activated on 16 February 1953 ^[5]

Inactivated on 18 August 1955 ^[5]

Disbanded on 27 September 1984 ^[14]

Assignments

• Unknown, 27 May 1945 – 28 August 1945 ^{[lower-alpha 2]}
• 4708th Defense Wing (later 4708th Air Defense Wing), 16 February 1953 – 18 August 1955 ^[5]

Stations

• Santuario dell' Incoronata, Italy, 27 May 1945 – 1945 ^[1]
• Torretto, Italy, 1945–1945
• Sioux Falls Army Air Field, SD, 1945 – 28 August 1945 ^[3]
• Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, 16 February 1953 – 18 August 1955 ^[5]

Components

Operational Squadron

• 63d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 16 February 1953 – 18 August 1955 ^[15]

Support Units

• 527th Air Base Squadron, 16 February 1953 – 18 August 1955
• 527th Materiel Squadron, 16 February 1953 – 18 August 1955 ^[9]
• 527th Medical Squadron (later 527th USAF Infirmary), ^[10] 16 February 1953 – 18 August 1955
• 777th Air Materiel Squadron, 27 May 1945 – 28 August 1945
• 953rd Air Engineering Squadron, 27 May 1945 – 28 August 1945

Aircraft

• North American F-86F Sabre, 1953–1954 ^[7]
• North American F-86D Sabre, 1954–1955 ^[7]
• Northrop F-89D Scorpion, 1955 ^[7]

See also

• List of United States Air Force Aerospace Defense Command Interceptor Squadrons
• List of F-86 Sabre units
• F-89 Scorpion units of the United States Air Force

References

Notes

Explanatory notes

1. Aircraft in the foreground is North American F-86A-5-NA Sabre, serial 49-1223
2. Probably Air Service Command, Mediterranean Theater of Operations.

Citations

1. "Abstract, History 527 Air Service Group May–Jul 1945". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
2. Coleman, p. 208
3. "Abstract, History 527 Air Service Group Jun–Aug 1945". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
4. Department of the Air Force Letter, 322 (AFOOR 887e), 8 October 1948, Subject: Disbandment of Certain Inactive Air Force Units
5. Cornett & Johnson, p. 83
6. Mueller, p. 611
7. Cornett & Johnson, p.117
8. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 241–242
9. Cornett & Johnson, p.147
10. See "Abstract, History 527 Infirmary, Jan–Jun 1955". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
11. Maurer, Combat Units, p. 297
12. Bailey, Carl E. (28 December 2007). "Factsheet 412 Test Wing (USAFE)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
13. Buss, Sturm, Volan, & McMullen, p.6
14. Department of the Air Force/MPM Letter 575q, 27 Sep 1984, Subject: Disbandment of Units
15. Robertson, Patsy (22 May 2009). Factsheet 63 Fighter Squadron (AETC). Air Force Historical Research Agency.

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Buss, Lydus H.(ed), Sturm, Thomas A., Volan, Denys, and McMullen, Richard F., History of Continental Air Defense Command and Air Defense Command July to December 1955, Directorate of Historical Services, Air Defense Command, Ent AFB, CO, (1956)
• Coleman, John M (1950). The Development of Tactical Services in the Army Air Forces. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
• Cornett, Lloyd H; Johnson, Mildred W (1980). A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization, 1946–1980 (PDF). Peterson AFB, CO: Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2006. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-912799-02-1. LCCN   61060979.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-405-12194-6. LCCN   70605402. OCLC   72556.

Further reading

• Grant, C.L., (1961) The Development of Continental Air Defense to 1 September 1954, USAF Historical Study No. 126
• Leonard, Barry (2009). History of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense (PDF). Vol. I. 1945–1955. Fort McNair, DC: Center for Military History. ISBN   978-1-4379-2131-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2012.